llama.cpp/llama_cpp/llama_chat_format.py

from __future__ import annotations

import os
import json
import ctypes
import dataclasses
import random
import string
from typing import Any, Dict, Iterator, List, Literal, Optional, Tuple, Union, Protocol

import jinja2

import llama_cpp.llama as llama
import llama_cpp.llama_types as llama_types
import llama_cpp.llama_grammar as llama_grammar

from ._utils import suppress_stdout_stderr, Singleton

### Common Chat Templates and Special Tokens ###

# Source: https://huggingface.co/teknium/OpenHermes-2.5-Mistral-7B/blob/main/tokenizer_config.json
CHATML_CHAT_TEMPLATE = "{% for message in messages %}{{'<|im_start|>' + message['role'] + '\n' + message['content'] + '<|im_end|>' + '\n'}}{% endfor %}{% if add_generation_prompt %}{{ '<|im_start|>assistant\n' }}{% endif %}"
CHATML_BOS_TOKEN = "<s>"
CHATML_EOS_TOKEN = "<|im_end|>"

# Source: https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.1/blob/main/tokenizer_config.json
MISTRAL_INSTRUCT_CHAT_TEMPLATE = "{{ bos_token }}{% for message in messages %}{% if (message['role'] == 'user') != (loop.index0 % 2 == 0) %}{{ raise_exception('Conversation roles must alternate user/assistant/user/assistant/...') }}{% endif %}{% if message['role'] == 'user' %}{{ '[INST] ' + message['content'] + ' [/INST]' }}{% elif message['role'] == 'assistant' %}{{ message['content'] + eos_token + ' ' }}{% else %}{{ raise_exception('Only user and assistant roles are supported!') }}{% endif %}{% endfor %}"
MISTRAL_INSTRUCT_BOS_TOKEN = "<s>"
MISTRAL_INSTRUCT_EOS_TOKEN = "</s>"


### Chat Completion Handler ###


class LlamaChatCompletionHandler(Protocol):
    """Base Protocol for a llama chat completion handler.

    Very generic protocol that can be used to implement any chat format.
    The only hard requirement is that it must return a ChatCompletion when
    stream=False and an iterator of ChatCompletionChunks when stream=True."""

    def __call__(
        self,
        *,
        # llama.cpp instance
        llama: llama.Llama,
        # openai api parameters
        messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
        functions: Optional[List[llama_types.ChatCompletionFunction]] = None,
        function_call: Optional[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestFunctionCall] = None,
        tools: Optional[List[llama_types.ChatCompletionTool]] = None,
        tool_choice: Optional[llama_types.ChatCompletionToolChoiceOption] = None,
        temperature: float = 0.2,
        top_p: float = 0.95,
        top_k: int = 40,
        stream: bool = False,
        stop: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = [],
        seed: Optional[int] = None,
        response_format: Optional[
            llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestResponseFormat
        ] = None,
        max_tokens: Optional[int] = None,
        presence_penalty: float = 0.0,
        frequency_penalty: float = 0.0,
        repeat_penalty: float = 1.1,
        model: Optional[str] = None,
        logit_bias: Optional[Dict[str, float]] = None,
        # llama.cpp parameters
        min_p: float = 0.05,
        typical_p: float = 1.0,
        tfs_z: float = 1.0,
        mirostat_mode: int = 0,
        mirostat_tau: float = 5.0,
        mirostat_eta: float = 0.1,
        logits_processor: Optional[llama.LogitsProcessorList] = None,
        grammar: Optional[llama.LlamaGrammar] = None,
        **kwargs,  # type: ignore
    ) -> Union[
        llama_types.CreateChatCompletionResponse,
        Iterator[llama_types.CreateChatCompletionStreamResponse],
    ]: ...


class LlamaChatCompletionHandlerNotFoundException(Exception):
    pass


class LlamaChatCompletionHandlerRegistry(Singleton):
    _chat_handlers: Dict[str, LlamaChatCompletionHandler] = {}

    def register_chat_completion_handler(
        self,
        name: str,
        chat_handler: LlamaChatCompletionHandler,
        overwrite: bool = False,
    ):
        if not overwrite and name in self._chat_handlers:
            raise ValueError(
                f"Formatter with name '{name}' is already registered. Use `overwrite=True` to overwrite it."
            )
        self._chat_handlers[name] = chat_handler

    def unregister_chat_handler(self, name: str):
        if name in self._chat_handlers:
            del self._chat_handlers[name]
        else:
            raise ValueError(f"No formatter registered under the name '{name}'.")

    def get_chat_completion_handler_by_name(
        self, name: str
    ) -> LlamaChatCompletionHandler:
        try:
            chat_handler = self._chat_handlers[name]
            return chat_handler
        except KeyError:
            raise LlamaChatCompletionHandlerNotFoundException(
                f"Invalid chat handler: {name} (valid formats: {list(self._chat_handlers.keys())})"
            )


def get_chat_completion_handler(name: str) -> LlamaChatCompletionHandler:
    return LlamaChatCompletionHandlerRegistry().get_chat_completion_handler_by_name(
        name
    )


def register_chat_completion_handler(name: str):
    def decorator(f: LlamaChatCompletionHandler):
        LlamaChatCompletionHandlerRegistry().register_chat_completion_handler(name, f)
        return f

    return decorator


### Chat Formatter ###


@dataclasses.dataclass
class ChatFormatterResponse:
    """Dataclass that stores completion parameters for a given chat format and
    create_chat_completion request.

    prompt contains the formatted prompt generated from the chat format and messages.
    stop contains the stop token or list of stop tokens to use for the chat format."""

    prompt: str
    stop: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None


class ChatFormatter(Protocol):
    """Base Protocol for a chat formatter. A chat formatter is a function that
    takes a list of messages and returns a chat format response which can be used
    to generate a completion. The response can also include a stop token or list
    of stop tokens to use for the completion."""

    def __call__(
        self,
        *,
        messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
        **kwargs: Any,
    ) -> ChatFormatterResponse: ...


class Jinja2ChatFormatter(ChatFormatter):
    def __init__(
        self,
        template: str,
        eos_token: str,
        bos_token: str,
        add_generation_prompt: bool = True,
    ):
        """A chat formatter that uses jinja2 templates to format the prompt."""
        self.template = template
        self.eos_token = eos_token
        self.bos_token = bos_token
        self.add_generation_prompt = add_generation_prompt

        self._environment = jinja2.Environment(
            loader=jinja2.BaseLoader(),
            trim_blocks=True,
            lstrip_blocks=True,
        ).from_string(self.template)

    def __call__(
        self,
        *,
        messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
        **kwargs: Any,
    ) -> ChatFormatterResponse:
        def raise_exception(message: str):
            raise ValueError(message)

        prompt = self._environment.render(
            messages=messages,
            eos_token=self.eos_token,
            bos_token=self.bos_token,
            raise_exception=raise_exception,
            add_generation_prompt=self.add_generation_prompt,
        )

        return ChatFormatterResponse(prompt=prompt, stop=[self.eos_token])

    def to_chat_handler(self) -> LlamaChatCompletionHandler:
        return chat_formatter_to_chat_completion_handler(self)


def _convert_text_completion_to_chat(
    completion: llama_types.Completion,
) -> llama_types.ChatCompletion:
    assert "usage" in completion
    return {
        "id": "chat" + completion["id"],
        "object": "chat.completion",
        "created": completion["created"],
        "model": completion["model"],
        "choices": [
            {
                "index": 0,
                "message": {
                    "role": "assistant",
                    "content": completion["choices"][0]["text"],
                },
                "finish_reason": completion["choices"][0]["finish_reason"],
            }
        ],
        "usage": completion["usage"],
    }


def _convert_text_completion_chunks_to_chat(
    chunks: Iterator[llama_types.CreateCompletionStreamResponse],
) -> Iterator[llama_types.ChatCompletionChunk]:
    for i, chunk in enumerate(chunks):
        if i == 0:
            yield {
                "id": "chat" + chunk["id"],
                "model": chunk["model"],
                "created": chunk["created"],
                "object": "chat.completion.chunk",
                "choices": [
                    {
                        "index": 0,
                        "delta": {
                            "role": "assistant",
                        },
                        "finish_reason": None,
                    }
                ],
            }
        yield {
            "id": "chat" + chunk["id"],
            "model": chunk["model"],
            "created": chunk["created"],
            "object": "chat.completion.chunk",
            "choices": [
                {
                    "index": 0,
                    "delta": (
                        {
                            "content": chunk["choices"][0]["text"],
                        }
                        if chunk["choices"][0]["finish_reason"] is None
                        else {}
                    ),
                    "finish_reason": chunk["choices"][0]["finish_reason"],
                }
            ],
        }


def _convert_completion_to_chat(
    completion_or_chunks: Union[
        llama_types.CreateCompletionResponse,
        Iterator[llama_types.CreateCompletionStreamResponse],
    ],
    stream: bool = False,
) -> Union[
    llama_types.CreateChatCompletionResponse, Iterator[llama_types.ChatCompletionChunk]
]:
    if stream:
        chunks: Iterator[llama_types.CreateCompletionStreamResponse] = completion_or_chunks  # type: ignore
        return _convert_text_completion_chunks_to_chat(chunks)
    else:
        completion: llama_types.Completion = completion_or_chunks  # type: ignore
        return _convert_text_completion_to_chat(completion)


def chat_formatter_to_chat_completion_handler(
    chat_formatter: ChatFormatter,
) -> LlamaChatCompletionHandler:
    def chat_completion_handler(
        *,
        llama: llama.Llama,
        messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
        functions: Optional[List[llama_types.ChatCompletionFunction]] = None,
        function_call: Optional[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestFunctionCall] = None,
        tools: Optional[List[llama_types.ChatCompletionTool]] = None,
        tool_choice: Optional[llama_types.ChatCompletionToolChoiceOption] = None,
        temperature: float = 0.2,
        top_p: float = 0.95,
        top_k: int = 40,
        min_p: float = 0.05,
        typical_p: float = 1.0,
        stream: bool = False,
        stop: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = [],
        seed: Optional[int] = None,
        response_format: Optional[
            llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestResponseFormat
        ] = None,
        max_tokens: Optional[int] = None,
        presence_penalty: float = 0.0,
        frequency_penalty: float = 0.0,
        repeat_penalty: float = 1.1,
        tfs_z: float = 1.0,
        mirostat_mode: int = 0,
        mirostat_tau: float = 5.0,
        mirostat_eta: float = 0.1,
        model: Optional[str] = None,
        logits_processor: Optional[llama.LogitsProcessorList] = None,
        grammar: Optional[llama.LlamaGrammar] = None,
        logit_bias: Optional[Dict[str, float]] = None,
        **kwargs,  # type: ignore
    ) -> Union[
        llama_types.CreateChatCompletionResponse,
        Iterator[llama_types.CreateChatCompletionStreamResponse],
    ]:
        result = chat_formatter(
            messages=messages,
            functions=functions,
            function_call=function_call,
        )
        prompt = result.prompt
        if result.stop is not None:
            stop = [] if stop is None else [stop] if isinstance(stop, str) else stop
            rstop = result.stop if isinstance(result.stop, list) else [result.stop]
            stop = stop + rstop

        if response_format is not None and response_format["type"] == "json_object":
            try:
                # create grammar from json schema
                if "schema" in response_format:
                    grammar = llama_grammar.LlamaGrammar.from_json_schema(
                        json.dumps(response_format["schema"]), verbose=llama.verbose
                    )
            except Exception as e:
                grammar = llama_grammar.LlamaGrammar.from_string(
                    llama_grammar.JSON_GBNF, verbose=llama.verbose
                )

        completion_or_chunks = llama.create_completion(
            prompt=prompt,
            temperature=temperature,
            top_p=top_p,
            top_k=top_k,
            min_p=min_p,
            typical_p=typical_p,
            stream=stream,
            stop=stop,
            seed=seed,
            max_tokens=max_tokens,
            presence_penalty=presence_penalty,
            frequency_penalty=frequency_penalty,
            repeat_penalty=repeat_penalty,
            tfs_z=tfs_z,
            mirostat_mode=mirostat_mode,
            mirostat_tau=mirostat_tau,
            mirostat_eta=mirostat_eta,
            model=model,
            logits_processor=logits_processor,
            grammar=grammar,
            logit_bias=logit_bias,
        )
        return _convert_completion_to_chat(completion_or_chunks, stream=stream)

    return chat_completion_handler


def hf_autotokenizer_to_chat_formatter(
    pretrained_model_name_or_path: Union[str, os.PathLike[str]]
) -> ChatFormatter:
    # https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/main/chat_templating
    # https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.1#instruction-format
    # https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.1/blob/main/tokenizer_config.json
    from transformers import AutoTokenizer  # type: ignore

    tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(pretrained_model_name_or_path)  # type: ignore

    def format_autotokenizer(
        messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
        **kwargs: Any,
    ) -> ChatFormatterResponse:
        tokenizer.use_default_system_prompt = False  # type: ignore
        prompt: str = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(messages, tokenize=False)  # type: ignore
        assert isinstance(prompt, str)
        # Return formatted prompt and eos token by default
        return ChatFormatterResponse(prompt=prompt, stop=tokenizer.eos_token)

    return format_autotokenizer


def hf_autotokenizer_to_chat_completion_handler(
    pretrained_model_name_or_path: Union[str, os.PathLike[str]]
) -> LlamaChatCompletionHandler:
    chat_formatter = hf_autotokenizer_to_chat_formatter(pretrained_model_name_or_path)
    return chat_formatter_to_chat_completion_handler(chat_formatter)


def hf_tokenizer_config_to_chat_formatter(
    tokenizer_config: Dict[str, Any],
    add_generation_prompt: bool = True,
) -> ChatFormatter:
    assert isinstance(tokenizer_config, dict)

    assert "chat_template" in tokenizer_config
    assert isinstance(tokenizer_config["chat_template"], str)
    chat_template = tokenizer_config["chat_template"]

    assert "bos_token" in tokenizer_config
    assert isinstance(tokenizer_config["bos_token"], str)
    bos_token = tokenizer_config["bos_token"]

    assert "eos_token" in tokenizer_config
    assert isinstance(tokenizer_config["eos_token"], str)
    eos_token = tokenizer_config["eos_token"]

    env = jinja2.Environment(
        loader=jinja2.BaseLoader(),
        trim_blocks=True,
        lstrip_blocks=True,
    ).from_string(chat_template)

    def format_tokenizer_config(
        messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
        **kwargs: Any,
    ) -> ChatFormatterResponse:
        # TODO: veryify this is correct
        # Add a blank assistant message to the end of the messages to prompt the model to generate a response
        if add_generation_prompt:
            messages = [
                *messages,
                llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestAssistantMessage(
                    role="assistant", content=""
                ),
            ]
        prompt = env.render(
            messages=messages,
            bos_token=bos_token,
            eos_token=eos_token,
        )
        return ChatFormatterResponse(prompt=prompt, stop=[eos_token, bos_token])

    return format_tokenizer_config


def hf_tokenizer_config_to_chat_completion_handler(
    tokenizer_config: Dict[str, Any],
    add_generation_prompt: bool = True,
) -> LlamaChatCompletionHandler:
    chat_formatter = hf_tokenizer_config_to_chat_formatter(
        tokenizer_config, add_generation_prompt=add_generation_prompt
    )
    return chat_formatter_to_chat_completion_handler(chat_formatter)


def guess_chat_format_from_gguf_metadata(metadata: Dict[str, str]) -> Optional[str]:
    if "tokenizer.chat_template" not in metadata:
        return None

    if metadata["tokenizer.chat_template"] == CHATML_CHAT_TEMPLATE:
        return "chatml"

    if metadata["tokenizer.chat_template"] == MISTRAL_INSTRUCT_CHAT_TEMPLATE:
        return "mistral-instruct"

    return None


### Utility functions for formatting chat prompts ###
# TODO: Replace these with jinja2 templates


def _get_system_message(
    messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
) -> str:
    """Get the first system message."""
    for message in messages:
        if message["role"] == "system":
            return message["content"] or ""
    return ""


def _map_roles(
    messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
    role_map: Dict[str, str],
) -> List[Tuple[str, Optional[str]]]:
    """Map the message roles."""
    output: List[Tuple[str, Optional[str]]] = []
    for message in messages:
        role = message["role"]
        if role in role_map:
            content: str | None = (
                message["content"] if isinstance(message["content"], str) else None
            )
            output.append((role_map[role], content))
    return output


def _format_llama2(
    system_message: str, messages: List[Tuple[str, Optional[str]]], sep: str, sep2: str
) -> str:
    """Format the prompt with the llama2 style."""
    seps = [sep, sep2]
    ret = system_message + sep
    for i, (role, message) in enumerate(messages):
        if system_message and i == 0:
            m = message or ""
            ret += m + seps[i % 2]
        elif message:
            ret += role + message + " " + seps[i % 2]
        else:
            ret += role + " "
    return ret


def _format_add_colon_single(
    system_message: str, messages: List[Tuple[str, Optional[str]]], sep: str
) -> str:
    """Format the prompt with the add-colon-single style."""
    ret = system_message + sep
    for role, message in messages:
        if message:
            ret += role + ": " + message + sep
        else:
            ret += role + ":"
    return ret


def _format_add_colon_two(
    system_message: str, messages: List[Tuple[str, Optional[str]]], sep: str, sep2: str
) -> str:
    """Format the prompt with the add-colon-two style."""
    seps = [sep, sep2]
    ret = system_message + seps[0]
    for i, (role, message) in enumerate(messages):
        if message:
            ret += role + ": " + message + seps[i % 2]
        else:
            ret += role + ":"
    return ret


def _format_no_colon_single(
    system_message: str, messages: List[Tuple[str, Optional[str]]], sep: str
) -> str:
    """Format the prompt with the no-colon-single style."""
    ret = system_message
    for role, message in messages:
        if message:
            ret += role + message + sep
        else:
            ret += role
    return ret


def _format_add_colon_space_single(
    system_message: str, messages: List[Tuple[str, Optional[str]]], sep: str
) -> str:
    """Format the prompt with the add-colon-space-single style."""
    ret = system_message + sep
    for role, message in messages:
        if message:
            ret += role + ": " + message + sep
        else:
            ret += role + ": "  # must be end with a space
    return ret


def _format_chatml(
    system_message: str, messages: List[Tuple[str, Optional[str]]], sep: str
) -> str:
    """Format the prompt with the chatml style."""
    ret = "" if system_message == "" else system_message + sep + "\n"
    for role, message in messages:
        if message:
            ret += role + "\n" + message + sep + "\n"
        else:
            ret += role + "\n"
    return ret


def _format_chatglm3(
    system_message: str, messages: List[Tuple[str, Optional[str]]], sep: str
) -> str:
    """Format the prompt with the chatglm3 style."""
    ret = ""
    if system_message:
        ret += system_message
    for role, message in messages:
        if message:
            ret += role + "\n" + " " + message
        else:
            ret += role
    return ret


### Chat Formats ###


def register_chat_format(name: str):
    def decorator(f: ChatFormatter):
        chat_completion_handler = chat_formatter_to_chat_completion_handler(f)
        LlamaChatCompletionHandlerRegistry().register_chat_completion_handler(
            name, chat_completion_handler
        )
        return f

    return decorator


# see https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/main/src/transformers/models/llama/tokenization_llama.py
# system prompt is "embedded" in the first message
@register_chat_format("llama-2")
def format_llama2(
    messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> ChatFormatterResponse:
    _system_template = "<s>[INST] <<SYS>>\n{system_message}\n<</SYS>>"
    _roles = dict(user="<s>[INST]", assistant="[/INST]")
    _messages = _map_roles(messages, _roles)
    system_message = _get_system_message(messages)
    if system_message:
        system_message = _system_template.format(system_message=system_message)
    _prompt = _format_llama2(system_message, _messages, " ", "</s>") + "[/INST]"
    return ChatFormatterResponse(prompt=_prompt)


@register_chat_format("alpaca")
def format_alpaca(
    messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> ChatFormatterResponse:
    _roles = dict(user="### Instruction", assistant="### Response")
    _sep = "\n\n"
    _sep2 = "</s>"
    system_message = _get_system_message(messages)
    _messages = _map_roles(messages, _roles)
    _prompt = _format_add_colon_two(system_message, _messages, _sep, _sep2)
    return ChatFormatterResponse(prompt=_prompt)


@register_chat_format("qwen")
def format_qwen(
    messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> ChatFormatterResponse:
    _roles = dict(user="<|im_start|>user", assistant="<|im_start|>assistant")
    system_message = "You are a helpful assistant."
    system_template = "<|im_start|>system\n{system_message}"
    system_message = system_template.format(system_message=system_message)
    _messages = _map_roles(messages, _roles)
    _messages.append((_roles["assistant"], None))
    _sep = "<|im_end|>"
    _prompt = _format_chatml(system_message, _messages, _sep)
    _sep2 = "<|endoftext|>"
    return ChatFormatterResponse(prompt=_prompt, stop=_sep2)


@register_chat_format("vicuna")
def format(
    messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> ChatFormatterResponse:
    _system_message = "A chat between a curious user and an artificial intelligence assistant. The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the user's questions."
    _roles = dict(user="USER", assistant="ASSISTANT")
    _sep = " "
    _sep2 = "</s>"
    system_message = _system_message
    _messages = _map_roles(messages, _roles)
    _messages.append((_roles["assistant"], None))
    _prompt = _format_add_colon_two(system_message, _messages, _sep, _sep2)
    return ChatFormatterResponse(prompt=_prompt)


@register_chat_format("oasst_llama")
def format_oasst_llama(
    messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> ChatFormatterResponse:
    _system_template = "[INST] <<SYS>>\n{system_message}\n<</SYS>>\n\n"
    _roles = dict(user="<|prompter|>", assistant="<|assistant|>")
    _sep = "</s>"
    system_message = _get_system_message(messages)
    system_message = _system_template.format(system_message=system_message)
    _messages = _map_roles(messages, _roles)
    _messages.append((_roles["assistant"], None))
    _prompt = _format_no_colon_single(system_message, _messages, _sep)
    return ChatFormatterResponse(prompt=_prompt)


@register_chat_format("baichuan-2")
def format_baichuan2(
    messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> ChatFormatterResponse:
    _system_template = "{system_message}"
    _roles = dict(user="<reserved_106>", assistant="<reserved_107>")
    _sep = ""
    system_message = _get_system_message(messages)
    system_message = _system_template.format(system_message=system_message)
    _messages = _map_roles(messages, _roles)
    _messages.append((_roles["assistant"], None))
    _prompt = _format_no_colon_single(system_message, _messages, _sep)
    return ChatFormatterResponse(prompt=_prompt)


@register_chat_format("baichuan")
def format_baichuan(
    messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> ChatFormatterResponse:
    _system_template = "{system_message}"
    _roles = dict(user="<reserved_102>", assistant="<reserved_103>")
    _sep = ""
    system_message = _get_system_message(messages)
    system_message = _system_template.format(system_message=system_message)
    _messages = _map_roles(messages, _roles)
    _messages.append((_roles["assistant"], None))
    _prompt = _format_no_colon_single(system_message, _messages, _sep)
    return ChatFormatterResponse(prompt=_prompt)


@register_chat_format("openbuddy")
def format_openbuddy(
    messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> ChatFormatterResponse:
    _system_message = """You are a helpful, respectful and honest INTP-T AI Assistant named Buddy. You are talking to a human User.
Always answer as helpfully and logically as possible, while being safe. Your answers should not include any harmful, political, religious, unethical, racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. Please ensure that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature.
If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct. If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.
You can speak fluently in many languages, for example: English, Chinese.
You cannot access the internet, but you have vast knowledge, cutoff: 2021-09.
You are trained by OpenBuddy team, (https://openbuddy.ai, https://github.com/OpenBuddy/OpenBuddy), you are based on LLaMA and Falcon transformers model, not related to GPT or OpenAI.

"""
    _roles = dict(user="User", assistant="Assistant")
    _sep = "\n"
    system_message = _system_message
    _messages = _map_roles(messages, _roles)
    _messages.append((_roles["assistant"], None))
    _prompt = _format_add_colon_single(system_message, _messages, _sep)
    return ChatFormatterResponse(prompt=_prompt)


@register_chat_format("redpajama-incite")
def format_redpajama_incite(
    messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> ChatFormatterResponse:
    _system_message = _get_system_message(messages)
    _roles = dict(user="<human>", assistant="<bot>")
    _sep = "\n"
    _stop = "<human>"
    system_message = _system_message
    _messages = _map_roles(messages, _roles)
    _messages.append((_roles["assistant"], None))
    _prompt = _format_add_colon_single(system_message, _messages, _sep)
    return ChatFormatterResponse(prompt=_prompt, stop=_stop)


@register_chat_format("snoozy")
def format_snoozy(
    messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> ChatFormatterResponse:
    system_template = "### Instruction:\n{system_message}"
    default_system_message = "The prompt below is a question to answer, a task to complete, or a conversation to respond to; decide which and write an appropriate response."
    _system_message = _get_system_message(messages)
    _system_message = (
        _system_message if _system_message != "" else default_system_message
    )
    system_message = system_template.format(system_message=_system_message)
    _roles = dict(user="### Prompt", assistant="### Response")
    _sep = "\n"
    _stop = "###"
    system_message = _system_message
    _messages = _map_roles(messages, _roles)
    _messages.append((_roles["assistant"], None))
    _prompt = _format_add_colon_single(system_message, _messages, _sep)
    return ChatFormatterResponse(prompt=_prompt, stop=_stop)


@register_chat_format("phind")
def format_phind(
    messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> ChatFormatterResponse:
    _roles = dict(user="### User Message", assistant="### Assistant")
    _sep = "\n\n"
    _system_message = "### System Prompt\nYou are an intelligent programming assistant."
    _messages = _map_roles(messages, _roles)
    _messages.append((_roles["assistant"], None))
    _prompt = _format_add_colon_single(_system_message, _messages, _sep)
    return ChatFormatterResponse(prompt=_prompt)


@register_chat_format("intel")
def format_intel(
    messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> ChatFormatterResponse:
    _roles = dict(user="### User:", assistant="### Assistant:")
    _sep = "\n"
    _system_message = "### System:\n{system_message}"
    _messages = _map_roles(messages, _roles)
    _messages.append((_roles["assistant"], None))
    _prompt = _format_add_colon_single(_system_message, _messages, _sep)
    return ChatFormatterResponse(prompt=_prompt)


@register_chat_format("open-orca")
def format_open_orca(
    messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> ChatFormatterResponse:
    system_template = "{system_message}"
    system_message = (
        "You are a helpful assistant. Please answer truthfully and write out your "
        "thinking step by step to be sure you get the right answer. If you make a mistake or encounter "
        "an error in your thinking, say so out loud and attempt to correct it. If you don't know or "
        "aren't sure about something, say so clearly. You will act as a professional logician, mathematician, "
        "and physicist. You will also act as the most appropriate type of expert to answer any particular "
        "question or solve the relevant problem; state which expert type your are, if so. Also think of "
        "any particular named expert that would be ideal to answer the relevant question or solve the "
        "relevant problem; name and act as them, if appropriate."
    )
    roles = ("User", "Assistant")
    sep = "<|end_of_turn|>\n"
    # stop_token_ids=[32000, 32001],  # "<|end_of_turn|>"
    stop_str = "User"
    system_message = system_template.format(system_message=system_message)
    _messages = _map_roles(messages, dict(zip(roles, roles)))
    _messages.append((roles[1], None))
    _prompt = _format_add_colon_space_single(system_message, _messages, sep)
    return ChatFormatterResponse(prompt=_prompt, stop=stop_str)


@register_chat_format("mistrallite")
def format_mistrallite(
    messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> ChatFormatterResponse:
    _roles = dict(user="<|prompter|>", assistant="</s>\n<|assistant|>")
    _sep = " "
    system_template = """<|system|>{system_message}</s>"""
    system_message = _get_system_message(messages)
    system_message = system_template.format(system_message=system_message)
    _messages = _map_roles(messages, _roles)
    _messages.append((_roles["assistant"], None))
    _prompt = _format_no_colon_single(system_message, _messages, _sep)
    return ChatFormatterResponse(prompt=_prompt)


@register_chat_format("zephyr")
def format_zephyr(
    messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> ChatFormatterResponse:
    system_template = """<|system|>
{system_message}"""
    system_message = _get_system_message(messages)
    system_message = system_template.format(system_message=system_message)
    _roles = dict(user="<|user|>\n", assistant="<|assistant|>\n")
    _sep = "</s>"
    _messages = _map_roles(messages, _roles)
    _messages.append((_roles["assistant"], None))
    _prompt = _format_chatml(system_message, _messages, _sep)
    return ChatFormatterResponse(prompt=_prompt, stop=_sep)


@register_chat_format("pygmalion")
def format_pygmalion(
    messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> ChatFormatterResponse:
    system_template = """<|system|>{system_message}"""
    system_message = _get_system_message(messages)
    system_message = system_template.format(system_message=system_message)
    _roles = dict(user="<|user|>", assistant="<|model|>")
    _sep = "\n"
    _messages = _map_roles(messages, _roles)
    _messages.append((_roles["assistant"], None))
    _prompt = _format_chatml(system_message, _messages, _sep)
    return ChatFormatterResponse(prompt=_prompt, stop=_sep)


@register_chat_format("chatml")
def format_chatml(
    messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> ChatFormatterResponse:
    system_template = """<|im_start|>system
{system_message}"""
    system_message = _get_system_message(messages)
    system_message = system_template.format(system_message=system_message)
    _roles = dict(user="<|im_start|>user", assistant="<|im_start|>assistant")
    _sep = "<|im_end|>"
    _messages = _map_roles(messages, _roles)
    _messages.append((_roles["assistant"], None))
    _prompt = _format_chatml(system_message, _messages, _sep)
    return ChatFormatterResponse(prompt=_prompt, stop=_sep)


@register_chat_format("mistral-instruct")
def format_mistral_instruct(
    messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> ChatFormatterResponse:
    bos = "<s>"
    eos = "</s>"
    stop = eos
    prompt = bos
    for message in messages:
        if (
            message["role"] == "user"
            and message["content"] is not None
            and isinstance(message["content"], str)
        ):
            prompt += "[INST] " + message["content"]
        elif (
            message["role"] == "assistant"
            and message["content"] is not None
            and isinstance(message["content"], str)
        ):
            prompt += " [/INST]" + message["content"] + eos
    prompt += " [/INST]"
    return ChatFormatterResponse(prompt=prompt, stop=stop)


@register_chat_format("chatglm3")
def format_chatglm3(
    messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> ChatFormatterResponse:
    system_template = """<|system|>
{system_message}"""
    system_message = _get_system_message(messages)
    system_message = system_template.format(system_message=system_message)
    _roles = dict(user="<|user|>", assistant="<|assistant|>")
    _sep = "</s>"
    _messages = _map_roles(messages, _roles)
    _messages.append((_roles["assistant"], None))
    _prompt = _format_chatglm3(system_message, _messages, _sep)
    return ChatFormatterResponse(prompt=_prompt, stop=_sep)


@register_chat_format("openchat")
def format_openchat(
    messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> ChatFormatterResponse:
    system_template = "{system_message}<|end_of_turn|>"
    system_message = _get_system_message(messages)
    system_message = system_template.format(system_message=system_message)
    _roles = dict(
        user="GPT4 Correct User: ", assistant="<|end_of_turn|>GPT4 Correct Assistant: "
    )
    _sep = "<|end_of_turn|>"
    _messages = _map_roles(messages, _roles)
    _messages.append((_roles["assistant"], None))
    _prompt = _format_chatml(system_message, _messages, _sep)
    return ChatFormatterResponse(prompt=_prompt, stop=_sep)


# Chat format for Saiga models, see more details and available models:
# https://huggingface.co/collections/IlyaGusev/saiga2-saigamistral-6505d4ccc3d1e53166b636cd
@register_chat_format("saiga")
def format_saiga(
    messages: list[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> ChatFormatterResponse:
    _message_template = "<s>{role}\n{content}</s>"
    _roles = dict(user="user", bot="bot", system="system")
    _messages = _map_roles(messages, _roles)

    _prompt = ""
    for role, content in _messages:
        if content:
            _prompt += _message_template.format(role=role, content=content)
        else:
            _prompt += f"<s>{role}\n"
    # Response template
    _prompt += "<s>bot"
    return ChatFormatterResponse(prompt=_prompt.strip())


# Tricky chat formats that require custom chat handlers


@register_chat_completion_handler("functionary")
def functionary_chat_handler(
    llama: llama.Llama,
    messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
    functions: Optional[List[llama_types.ChatCompletionFunction]] = None,
    function_call: Optional[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestFunctionCall] = None,
    tools: Optional[List[llama_types.ChatCompletionTool]] = None,
    tool_choice: Optional[llama_types.ChatCompletionToolChoiceOption] = None,
    temperature: float = 0.2,
    top_p: float = 0.95,
    top_k: int = 40,
    min_p: float = 0.05,
    typical_p: float = 1.0,
    stream: bool = False,
    stop: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = [],
    response_format: Optional[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestResponseFormat] = None,
    max_tokens: Optional[int] = None,
    presence_penalty: float = 0.0,
    frequency_penalty: float = 0.0,
    repeat_penalty: float = 1.1,
    tfs_z: float = 1.0,
    mirostat_mode: int = 0,
    mirostat_tau: float = 5.0,
    mirostat_eta: float = 0.1,
    model: Optional[str] = None,
    logits_processor: Optional[llama.LogitsProcessorList] = None,
    grammar: Optional[llama.LlamaGrammar] = None,
    **kwargs,  # type: ignore
) -> Union[llama_types.ChatCompletion, Iterator[llama_types.ChatCompletionChunk]]:
    SYSTEM_MESSAGE = """A chat between a curious user and an artificial intelligence assistant. The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the user's questions. The assistant calls functions with appropriate input when necessary"""

    def generate_type_definition(
        param: Dict[str, llama_types.JsonType], indent_level: int, shared_defs
    ) -> str:
        indent = "  " * indent_level
        if "$ref" in param:
            # Reference to a shared definition
            ref_name = param["$ref"].split("/")[
                -1
            ]  # Extract the type name from the reference
            return ref_name
        elif param.get("type") == "array":
            items = param.get("items", {})
            item_type = generate_type_definition(items, indent_level + 1, shared_defs)
            return f"Array<{item_type}>"
        elif param.get("type") == "object":
            properties = param.get("properties", {})
            nested_schema = "{\n"
            for nested_param_name, nested_param in properties.items():
                nested_param_type = generate_type_definition(
                    nested_param, indent_level + 1, shared_defs
                )
                nested_schema += (
                    f"{indent}  {nested_param_name}: {nested_param_type},\n"
                )
            nested_schema += indent + "}"
            return nested_schema
        elif "enum" in param:
            # Enum type
            return " | ".join([f'"{enum_value}"' for enum_value in param["enum"]])
        else:
            # Simple type
            return param.get("type", "any")

    def generate_shared_definitions(shared_defs, indent_level: int) -> str:
        indent = "  " * indent_level
        shared_definitions = ""
        for def_name, def_properties in shared_defs.items():
            shared_definitions += f"{indent}type {def_name} = "
            if def_properties.get("type") == "object":
                shared_definitions += generate_type_definition(
                    def_properties, indent_level, shared_defs
                )
            elif "enum" in def_properties:
                # Enum type
                shared_definitions += " | ".join(
                    [f'"{enum_value}"' for enum_value in def_properties["enum"]]
                )
            shared_definitions += ";\n"
        return shared_definitions

    def generate_schema_from_functions(functions, namespace="functions") -> str:
        schema = (
            "// Supported function definitions that should be called when necessary.\n"
        )
        schema += f"namespace {namespace} {{\n\n"

        # Generate shared definitions
        shared_definitions = {}
        for function in functions:
            parameters = function.get("parameters", {})
            shared_definitions.update(parameters.get("$defs", {}))

        schema += generate_shared_definitions(shared_definitions, 1)

        for function in functions:
            function_name = function["name"]
            description = function.get("description", "")
            parameters = function.get("parameters", {})
            required_params = parameters.get("required", [])

            schema += f"  // {description}\n"
            schema += f"  type {function_name} = (_: {{\n"

            for param_name, param in parameters.get("properties", {}).items():
                param_description = param.get("description", "")
                param_type = generate_type_definition(param, 2, shared_definitions)
                optional_indicator = "" if param_name in required_params else "?"
                schema += f"    // {param_description}\n"
                schema += f"    {param_name}{optional_indicator}: {param_type},\n"
            schema += "  }) => any;\n\n"

        schema += "}} // namespace {}\n".format(namespace)
        return schema

    def prepare_messages_for_inference(
        messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
        functions: Optional[List[llama_types.ChatCompletionFunctions]] = None,
        tools: Optional[List[llama_types.ChatCompletionTool]] = None,
    ):
        all_messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage] = []
        if functions is not None:
            all_messages.append(
                llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestSystemMessage(
                    role="system", content=generate_schema_from_functions(functions)
                )
            )

        if tools is not None:
            all_messages.append(
                llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestSystemMessage(
                    role="system",
                    content=generate_schema_from_functions(
                        [
                            tool["function"]
                            for tool in tools
                            if tool["type"] == "function"
                        ]
                    ),
                )
            )

        all_messages.append(
            llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestSystemMessage(
                role="system", content=SYSTEM_MESSAGE
            )
        )

        for message in messages:
            # Function call responses
            if message["role"] == "function" and "name" in message:
                message["name"] = f"functions.{message['name']}"
            # Function call requests by assistant
            if "function_call" in message:
                message["function_call"][
                    "name"
                ] = f"functions.{message['function_call']['name']}"
            all_messages.append(message)

        all_messages.append(
            llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestAssistantMessage(
                role="assistant", content=None
            )
        )

        def message_to_str(msg: llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage):
            if msg["role"] == "system":
                return f"system:\n{msg['content']}\n"

            elif msg["role"] == "function" and "name" in msg:
                return f"function name={msg['name']}:\n{msg['content']}\n"
            elif msg["role"] == "function" and "function_call" in msg:
                return f"function name={msg['function_call']['name']}:\n{msg['function_call']['arguments']}\n"
            elif msg["role"] == "tool":
                if msg["content"] is not None:
                    return f"function name={msg['tool_call_id']}:\n{msg['content']}\n"
                else:
                    return f"function name={msg['tool_call_id']}\n"
            elif msg["role"] == "user":
                if msg["content"] is None:
                    return "user:\n</s></s>\n"
                else:
                    return f"user:\n</s>{msg['content']}</s>\n"
            elif msg["role"] == "assistant":
                if msg["content"] is not None and "function_call" in msg:
                    return f"assistant:\n{msg['content']}\nassistant to={msg['function_call']['name']}:\n{msg['function_call']['arguments']}</s>\n"
                elif "function_call" in msg:
                    return f"assistant to={msg['function_call']['name']}:\n{msg['function_call']['arguments']}</s>\n"
                elif "tool_calls" in msg and len(msg["tool_calls"]) > 0:
                    for tool_call in msg[
                        "tool_calls"
                    ]:  # NOTE: probably doesn't work with the functionary model
                        return f"assistant to={tool_call['id']}:\n{tool_call['function']['arguments']}</s>\n"
                elif msg["content"] is None:
                    return "assistant"
                else:
                    return f"assistant:\n{msg['content']}\n"
            else:
                raise ValueError(f"Unsupported role: {msg['role']}")

        return "".join([message_to_str(msg) for msg in all_messages])

    if tools is not None:
        functions = [tool["function"] for tool in tools if tool["type"] == "function"]

    if tool_choice is not None:
        function_call = (
            tool_choice if isinstance(tool_choice, str) else tool_choice["function"]
        )

    prompt = prepare_messages_for_inference(messages, functions, tools)

    if function_call is None and (functions is None or len(functions) == 0):
        completion_or_completion_chunks = llama.create_completion(
            prompt=prompt + ":\n",
            temperature=temperature,
            top_p=top_p,
            top_k=top_k,
            min_p=min_p,
            typical_p=typical_p,
            stream=stream,
            stop=["user:", "</s>"],
            max_tokens=max_tokens,
            presence_penalty=presence_penalty,
            frequency_penalty=frequency_penalty,
            repeat_penalty=repeat_penalty,
            tfs_z=tfs_z,
            mirostat_mode=mirostat_mode,
            mirostat_tau=mirostat_tau,
            mirostat_eta=mirostat_eta,
            model=model,
            logits_processor=logits_processor,
            grammar=grammar,
        )
        return _convert_completion_to_chat(completion_or_completion_chunks, stream=stream)  # type: ignore

    if function_call is None or (
        isinstance(function_call, str) and function_call == "auto"
    ):
        stop = "\n"
        completion: llama_types.Completion = llama.create_completion(
            prompt=prompt, stop=stop, stream=False
        )  # type: ignore
        completion_text = completion["choices"][0]["text"]
        # strip " to=functions." and ending ":"
        function_call = completion_text.split(".")[-1][:-1]
        new_prompt = prompt + completion_text + stop
    elif isinstance(function_call, str) and function_call != "none":
        new_prompt = prompt + f":\n"
    elif isinstance(function_call, dict):
        new_prompt = prompt + f" to=functions.{function_call['name']}:\n"
        function_call = function_call["name"]
    else:
        new_prompt = prompt + f":\n"

    function_body = None
    for function in functions or []:
        if function["name"] == function_call:
            function_body = function["parameters"]
            break
    for tool in tools or []:
        if tool["type"] == "function" and tool["function"]["name"] == function_call:
            function_body = tool["function"]["parameters"]
            break

    if function_body is not None:
        try:
            with suppress_stdout_stderr(disable=llama.verbose):
                grammar_text = llama_grammar.json_schema_to_gbnf(
                    json.dumps(function_body)
                )
                grammar = llama_grammar.LlamaGrammar.from_string(
                    llama_grammar.json_schema_to_gbnf(json.dumps(function_body)),
                    verbose=llama.verbose,
                )
                print(grammar_text)
        except Exception as e:
            if llama.verbose:
                print(
                    "Failed to parse function body as JSON schema, falling back to default grammar"
                )
                print(e)
            with suppress_stdout_stderr(disable=llama.verbose):
                grammar = llama_grammar.LlamaGrammar.from_string(
                    llama_grammar.JSON_GBNF,
                    verbose=llama.verbose,
                )
    else:
        with suppress_stdout_stderr(disable=llama.verbose):
            grammar = llama_grammar.LlamaGrammar.from_string(
                llama_grammar.JSON_GBNF, verbose=llama.verbose
            )

    completion: llama_types.Completion = llama.create_completion(
        prompt=new_prompt,
        stop=["user:", "</s>"],
        stream=False,
        grammar=grammar,
        max_tokens=max_tokens,
        temperature=temperature,
        top_p=top_p,
        top_k=top_k,
        min_p=min_p,
        typical_p=typical_p,
        presence_penalty=presence_penalty,
        frequency_penalty=frequency_penalty,
        repeat_penalty=repeat_penalty,
        tfs_z=tfs_z,
        mirostat_mode=mirostat_mode,
        mirostat_tau=mirostat_tau,
        mirostat_eta=mirostat_eta,
        model=model,
        logits_processor=logits_processor,
    )  # type: ignore

    assert "usage" in completion
    assert isinstance(function_call, str)
    assert stream is False  # TODO: support stream mode

    if llama.verbose:
        print(new_prompt)
        print(completion["choices"][0]["text"])

    # TODO: support stream mode
    return llama_types.CreateChatCompletionResponse(
        id="chat" + completion["id"],
        object="chat.completion",
        created=completion["created"],
        model=completion["model"],
        choices=[
            {
                "index": 0,
                "message": {
                    "role": "assistant",
                    "content": None,
                    "function_call": {
                        "name": function_call,
                        "arguments": completion["choices"][0]["text"],
                    },
                    "tool_calls": [
                        {
                            "id": function_call,
                            "type": "function",
                            "function": {
                                "name": function_call,
                                "arguments": completion["choices"][0]["text"],
                            },
                        }
                    ],
                },
                "finish_reason": "tool_calls",
            }
        ],
        usage=completion["usage"],
    )


@register_chat_completion_handler("functionary-v1")
@register_chat_completion_handler("functionary-v2")
def functionary_v1_v2_chat_handler(
    llama: llama.Llama,
    messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
    functions: Optional[List[llama_types.ChatCompletionFunction]] = None,
    function_call: Optional[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestFunctionCall] = None,
    tools: Optional[List[llama_types.ChatCompletionTool]] = None,
    tool_choice: Optional[llama_types.ChatCompletionToolChoiceOption] = None,
    temperature: float = 0.2,
    top_p: float = 0.95,
    top_k: int = 40,
    min_p: float = 0.05,
    typical_p: float = 1.0,
    stream: bool = False,
    stop: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = [],
    response_format: Optional[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestResponseFormat] = None,
    max_tokens: Optional[int] = None,
    presence_penalty: float = 0.0,
    frequency_penalty: float = 0.0,
    repeat_penalty: float = 1.1,
    tfs_z: float = 1.0,
    mirostat_mode: int = 0,
    mirostat_tau: float = 5.0,
    mirostat_eta: float = 0.1,
    model: Optional[str] = None,
    logits_processor: Optional[llama.LogitsProcessorList] = None,
    grammar: Optional[llama.LlamaGrammar] = None,
    **kwargs,  # type: ignore
) -> Union[llama_types.ChatCompletion, Iterator[llama_types.ChatCompletionChunk]]:
    SYSTEM_MESSAGE = """A chat between a curious user and an artificial intelligence assistant. The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the user's questions. The assistant calls functions with appropriate input when necessary"""

    tokenizer = llama.tokenizer_
    assert hasattr(
        tokenizer, "hf_tokenizer"
    ), "Please provide a valid hf_tokenizer_path from https://huggingface.co/meetkai when initializing the Llama class"
    from transformers import AutoTokenizer

    if "<|START_OF_FUNCTION_CALL|>" in tokenizer.hf_tokenizer.additional_special_tokens:
        version = "v1"
        END_SYSTEM_TOKEN = "<|END_OF_SYSTEM|>"
        END_USER_TOKEN = "<|END_OF_USER|>"
        END_ASSISTANT_TOKEN = "<|END_OF_ASSISTANT|>"
        END_FUNCTION_RESULT_TOKEN = "<|END_OF_FUNCTION_RESULT|>"
        START_FUNCTION_CALL_TOKEN = "<|START_OF_FUNCTION_CALL|>"
        END_FUNCTION_CALL_TOKEN = "<|END_OF_FUNCTION_CALL|>"
    else:
        version = "v2"
        RECIPIENT_TOKEN = "<|recipient|>"
        FROM_TOKEN = "<|from|>"
        STOP_TOKEN = "<|stop|>"
        CONTENT_TOKEN = "<|content|>"

    def generate_type_definition(
        param: Dict[str, llama_types.JsonType], indent_level: int, shared_defs
    ) -> str:
        indent = "  " * indent_level
        if "$ref" in param:
            # Reference to a shared definition
            ref_name = param["$ref"].split("/")[
                -1
            ]  # Extract the type name from the reference
            return ref_name
        elif param.get("type") == "array":
            items = param.get("items", {})
            item_type = generate_type_definition(items, indent_level + 1, shared_defs)
            return f"Array<{item_type}>"
        elif param.get("type") == "object":
            properties = param.get("properties", {})
            nested_schema = "{\n"
            for nested_param_name, nested_param in properties.items():
                nested_param_type = generate_type_definition(
                    nested_param, indent_level + 1, shared_defs
                )
                nested_schema += (
                    f"{indent}  {nested_param_name}: {nested_param_type},\n"
                )
            nested_schema += indent + "}"
            return nested_schema
        elif "enum" in param:
            # Enum type
            return " | ".join([f'"{enum_value}"' for enum_value in param["enum"]])
        else:
            # Simple type
            return param.get("type", "any")

    def generate_shared_definitions(shared_defs, indent_level: int) -> str:
        indent = "  " * indent_level
        shared_definitions = ""
        for def_name, def_properties in shared_defs.items():
            shared_definitions += f"{indent}type {def_name} = "
            if def_properties.get("type") == "object":
                shared_definitions += generate_type_definition(
                    def_properties, indent_level, shared_defs
                )
            elif "enum" in def_properties:
                # Enum type
                shared_definitions += " | ".join(
                    [f'"{enum_value}"' for enum_value in def_properties["enum"]]
                )
            shared_definitions += ";\n"
        return shared_definitions

    def generate_schema_from_functions(functions, namespace="functions") -> str:
        schema = (
            "// Supported function definitions that should be called when necessary.\n"
        )
        schema += f"namespace {namespace} {{\n\n"

        # Generate shared definitions
        shared_definitions = {}
        for function in functions:
            parameters = function.get("parameters", {})
            shared_definitions.update(parameters.get("$defs", {}))

        schema += generate_shared_definitions(shared_definitions, 1)

        for function in functions:
            function_name = function["name"]
            description = function.get("description", "")
            parameters = function.get("parameters", {})
            required_params = parameters.get("required", [])

            schema += f"// {description}\n"
            schema += f"type {function_name} = (_: {{\n"

            for param_name, param in parameters.get("properties", {}).items():
                param_description = param.get("description", "")
                param_type = generate_type_definition(param, 2, shared_definitions)
                optional_indicator = "" if param_name in required_params else "?"
                schema += f"// {param_description}\n"
                schema += f"{param_name}{optional_indicator}: {param_type},\n"
            schema += "}) => any;\n\n"

        schema += "}} // namespace {}".format(namespace)
        return schema

    def prepare_messages_for_inference(
        messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
        tokenizer: AutoTokenizer,
        version: Literal["v1", "v2"],
        functions: Optional[List[llama_types.ChatCompletionFunctions]] = None,
        tools: Optional[List[llama_types.ChatCompletionTool]] = None,
    ):
        all_messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage] = []
        if functions is not None:
            all_messages.append(
                llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestSystemMessage(
                    role="system", content=generate_schema_from_functions(functions)
                )
            )
        elif tools is not None:
            all_messages.append(
                llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestSystemMessage(
                    role="system",
                    content=generate_schema_from_functions(
                        [
                            tool["function"]
                            for tool in tools
                            if tool["type"] == "function"
                        ]
                    ),
                )
            )

        all_messages.append(
            llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestSystemMessage(
                role="system", content=SYSTEM_MESSAGE
            )
        )

        for message in messages:
            # Function call responses
            if message["role"] == "function" and "name" in message:
                message["name"] = f"functions.{message['name']}"
            # Function call requests by assistant
            if "function_call" in message:
                message["function_call"][
                    "name"
                ] = f"functions.{message['function_call']['name']}"
            all_messages.append(message)

        if version == "v1":
            suffix = "assistant:\n"
        else:
            suffix = "<|from|>assistant\n<|recipient|>"

        return (
            tokenizer.hf_tokenizer.apply_chat_template(all_messages, tokenize=False)
            + suffix
        )

    if tools is not None:
        functions = [tool["function"] for tool in tools if tool["type"] == "function"]

    if tool_choice is not None:
        function_call = (
            tool_choice if isinstance(tool_choice, str) else tool_choice["function"]
        )

    prompt = prepare_messages_for_inference(
        messages, tokenizer, version, functions, tools
    )

    # If no tools/functions are provided
    if function_call is None and (functions is None or len(functions) == 0):
        if version == "v1":
            stop = END_ASSISTANT_TOKEN
        else:
            stop = STOP_TOKEN
            prompt += "all\n<|content|>"

        completion_or_completion_chunks = llama.create_completion(
            prompt=prompt,
            temperature=temperature,
            top_p=top_p,
            top_k=top_k,
            min_p=min_p,
            typical_p=typical_p,
            stream=stream,
            stop=stop,
            max_tokens=max_tokens,
            presence_penalty=presence_penalty,
            frequency_penalty=frequency_penalty,
            repeat_penalty=repeat_penalty,
            tfs_z=tfs_z,
            mirostat_mode=mirostat_mode,
            mirostat_tau=mirostat_tau,
            mirostat_eta=mirostat_eta,
            model=model,
            logits_processor=logits_processor,
            grammar=grammar,
        )
        return _convert_completion_to_chat(completion_or_completion_chunks, stream=stream)  # type: ignore

    assert stream is False  # TODO: support stream mode

    def get_grammar(function_call):
        function_body = None
        for function in functions or []:
            if function["name"] == function_call:
                function_body = function["parameters"]
                break
        for tool in tools or []:
            if tool["type"] == "function" and tool["function"]["name"] == function_call:
                function_body = tool["function"]["parameters"]
                break

        try:
            with suppress_stdout_stderr(disable=llama.verbose):
                grammar_text = llama_grammar.json_schema_to_gbnf(
                    json.dumps(function_body)
                )
                grammar = llama_grammar.LlamaGrammar.from_string(
                    llama_grammar.json_schema_to_gbnf(json.dumps(function_body))
                )
                print(grammar_text)
        except Exception as e:
            if llama.verbose:
                print(
                    "Failed to parse function body as JSON schema, falling back to default grammar"
                )
                print(e)
            with suppress_stdout_stderr(disable=llama.verbose):
                grammar = llama_grammar.LlamaGrammar.from_string(
                    llama_grammar.JSON_GBNF, verbose=llama.verbose
                )

        return grammar

    def create_completion(stop):
        completion: llama_types.Completion = llama.create_completion(
            prompt=prompt,
            temperature=temperature,
            top_p=top_p,
            top_k=top_k,
            min_p=min_p,
            typical_p=typical_p,
            stream=stream,
            stop=stop,
            max_tokens=max_tokens,
            presence_penalty=presence_penalty,
            frequency_penalty=frequency_penalty,
            repeat_penalty=repeat_penalty,
            tfs_z=tfs_z,
            mirostat_mode=mirostat_mode,
            mirostat_tau=mirostat_tau,
            mirostat_eta=mirostat_eta,
            model=model,
            logits_processor=logits_processor,
            grammar=grammar,
        )

        return completion

    function_calls, function_bodies = [], []

    if version == "v1":
        # If no or "auto" tool_choice/function_call
        if function_call is None or (
            isinstance(function_call, str) and function_call == "auto"
        ):
            stops = ["\n", END_ASSISTANT_TOKEN]
        # If tool_choice/function_call is "none"
        elif isinstance(function_call, str) and function_call == "none":
            prompt = prepare_messages_for_inference(
                messages, tokenizer, version, [], []
            )
            stops = END_ASSISTANT_TOKEN
        # If tool_choice/function_call is provided
        elif isinstance(function_call, dict):
            prompt += f"{START_FUNCTION_CALL_TOKEN}{function_call['name']}:\n"
            stops = END_FUNCTION_CALL_TOKEN
            function_call = function_call["name"]
            function_calls.append(function_call)
            grammar = get_grammar(function_call)
        else:
            prompt = prompt
            stops = ["\n", END_ASSISTANT_TOKEN]

        completion = create_completion(stop=stops)
        completion_text = completion["choices"][0]["text"]

        # If the generation does not involve a function call
        if (
            START_FUNCTION_CALL_TOKEN not in prompt
            and START_FUNCTION_CALL_TOKEN not in completion_text
        ):
            return _convert_completion_to_chat(completion, stream=stream)  # type: ignore
        # If the generation involves a function call in completion, generate the parameters
        elif (
            START_FUNCTION_CALL_TOKEN not in prompt
            and START_FUNCTION_CALL_TOKEN in completion_text
        ):
            prompt += (
                completion_text.replace(
                    f"{START_FUNCTION_CALL_TOKEN} ", START_FUNCTION_CALL_TOKEN
                )
                + "\n"
            )
            function_calls.append(
                completion_text.split(START_FUNCTION_CALL_TOKEN)[-1][:-1].strip()
            )
            grammar = get_grammar(function_calls[-1])
            completion = create_completion(stop=END_FUNCTION_CALL_TOKEN)
            function_bodies.append(completion["choices"][0]["text"].strip())
        # If the prompt involves a function call, just append generated parameters to function_bodies
        else:
            function_bodies.append(completion_text.strip())
    else:
        # Loop until all parallel function calls are generated
        while True:
            # If no or "auto" tool_choice/function_call
            if function_call is None or (
                isinstance(function_call, str) and function_call == "auto"
            ):
                grammar = None
                stops = CONTENT_TOKEN
            # If tool_choice/function_call is "none"
            elif isinstance(function_call, str) and function_call == "none":
                prompt = (
                    prepare_messages_for_inference(messages, tokenizer, version, [], [])
                    + "all\n<|content|>"
                )
                stops = STOP_TOKEN
            # If tool_choice/function_call is provided
            elif isinstance(function_call, dict):
                prompt += f"{function_call['name']}\n{CONTENT_TOKEN}"
                stops = STOP_TOKEN
                function_call = function_call["name"]
                function_calls.append(function_call)
                grammar = get_grammar(function_call)
            else:
                prompt = prompt
                stops = STOP_TOKEN

            completion = create_completion(stop=stops)
            completion_text = completion["choices"][0]["text"]

            # If the generation does not involve a function call
            if prompt.endswith("all\n<|content|>") and not completion_text.startswith(
                "all"
            ):
                return _convert_completion_to_chat(completion, stream=stream)  # type: ignore
            # Generate model response if the model decides not to call any function
            elif prompt.endswith(RECIPIENT_TOKEN) and completion_text.startswith("all"):
                prompt += completion_text + CONTENT_TOKEN
                completion = create_completion(stop=STOP_TOKEN)
                return _convert_completion_to_chat(completion, stream=stream)  # type: ignore
            # Generate parameters if model decides to call a function
            elif prompt.endswith(RECIPIENT_TOKEN):
                function_calls.append(completion_text[:-1])
                grammar = get_grammar(function_calls[-1])
                completion = create_completion(stop=[STOP_TOKEN, "\n"])
                function_bodies.append(completion["choices"][0]["text"].strip())
                prompt += f"{function_calls[-1]}\n{CONTENT_TOKEN}{function_bodies[-1]}"
                grammar = None

                # Try to generate the beginning of next turn
                # If empty completion, break from loop
                next_turn_completion_text = create_completion(
                    stop=[STOP_TOKEN, RECIPIENT_TOKEN]
                )["choices"][0]["text"]
                if len(next_turn_completion_text) > 0:
                    prompt += f"\n{FROM_TOKEN}assistant\n{RECIPIENT_TOKEN}"
                else:
                    break
            # Break from loop if tool_choice/function_call is provided as a dict
            else:
                function_bodies.append(completion_text.strip())
                break

    assert "usage" in completion
    assert len(function_calls) > 0
    assert len(function_calls) == len(function_bodies)

    tool_calls = []
    for function_call, function_body in zip(function_calls, function_bodies):
        tool_calls.append(
            {
                "id": "call_"
                + "".join(
                    [
                        random.choice(string.ascii_letters + string.digits)
                        for _ in range(24)
                    ]
                ),
                "type": "function",
                "function": {
                    "name": function_call,
                    "arguments": function_body,
                },
            }
        )

    # TODO: support stream mode
    return llama_types.CreateChatCompletionResponse(
        id="chat" + completion["id"],
        object="chat.completion",
        created=completion["created"],
        model=completion["model"],
        choices=[
            {
                "index": 0,
                "message": {
                    "role": "assistant",
                    "content": None,
                    "function_call": {
                        "name": tool_calls[0]["function"]["name"],
                        "arguments": tool_calls[0]["function"]["arguments"],
                    },
                    "tool_calls": tool_calls,
                },
                "finish_reason": "tool_calls",
            }
        ],
        usage=completion["usage"],
    )


class Llava15ChatHandler:
    _clip_free = None

    def __init__(self, clip_model_path: str, verbose: bool = False):
        import llama_cpp.llava_cpp as llava_cpp

        self._llava_cpp = llava_cpp
        self.clip_model_path = clip_model_path
        self.verbose = verbose
        self._clip_free = self._llava_cpp._libllava.clip_free  # type: ignore

        with suppress_stdout_stderr(disable=self.verbose):
            self.clip_ctx = self._llava_cpp.clip_model_load(
                self.clip_model_path.encode(), 0
            )

    def __del__(self):
        with suppress_stdout_stderr(disable=self.verbose):
            if self.clip_ctx is not None and self._clip_free is not None:
                self._clip_free(self.clip_ctx)
                self.clip_ctx = None

    def load_image(self, image_url: str) -> bytes:
        if image_url.startswith("data:"):
            import base64

            image_bytes = base64.b64decode(image_url.split(",")[1])
            return image_bytes
        else:
            import urllib.request

            with urllib.request.urlopen(image_url) as f:
                image_bytes = f.read()
                return image_bytes

    def __call__(
        self,
        *,
        llama: llama.Llama,
        messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
        functions: Optional[List[llama_types.ChatCompletionFunction]] = None,
        function_call: Optional[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestFunctionCall] = None,
        tools: Optional[List[llama_types.ChatCompletionTool]] = None,
        tool_choice: Optional[llama_types.ChatCompletionToolChoiceOption] = None,
        temperature: float = 0.2,
        top_p: float = 0.95,
        top_k: int = 40,
        min_p: float = 0.05,
        typical_p: float = 1.0,
        stream: bool = False,
        stop: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = [],
        response_format: Optional[
            llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestResponseFormat
        ] = None,
        max_tokens: Optional[int] = None,
        presence_penalty: float = 0.0,
        frequency_penalty: float = 0.0,
        repeat_penalty: float = 1.1,
        tfs_z: float = 1.0,
        mirostat_mode: int = 0,
        mirostat_tau: float = 5.0,
        mirostat_eta: float = 0.1,
        model: Optional[str] = None,
        logits_processor: Optional[llama.LogitsProcessorList] = None,
        grammar: Optional[llama.LlamaGrammar] = None,
        **kwargs,  # type: ignore
    ) -> Union[
        llama_types.CreateChatCompletionResponse,
        Iterator[llama_types.CreateChatCompletionStreamResponse],
    ]:
        assert (
            llama.context_params.logits_all is True
        )  # BUG: logits_all=True is required for llava
        assert self.clip_ctx is not None
        system_prompt = _get_system_message(messages)
        system_prompt = (
            system_prompt
            if system_prompt != ""
            else "A chat between a curious human and an artificial intelligence assistant.  The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the human's questions."
        )
        user_role = "\nUSER:"
        assistant_role = "\nASSISTANT:"
        llama.reset()
        llama.eval(llama.tokenize(system_prompt.encode("utf8"), add_bos=True))
        for message in messages:
            if message["role"] == "user" and message["content"] is not None:
                if isinstance(message["content"], str):
                    llama.eval(
                        llama.tokenize(
                            f"{user_role} {message['content']}".encode("utf8"),
                            add_bos=False,
                        )
                    )
                else:
                    assert isinstance(message["content"], list)
                    llama.eval(
                        llama.tokenize(f"{user_role} ".encode("utf8"), add_bos=False)
                    )
                    for content in message["content"]:
                        if content["type"] == "text":
                            llama.eval(
                                llama.tokenize(
                                    f"{content['text']}".encode("utf8"), add_bos=False
                                )
                            )
                        if content["type"] == "image_url":
                            image_bytes = (
                                self.load_image(content["image_url"]["url"])
                                if isinstance(content["image_url"], dict)
                                else self.load_image(content["image_url"])
                            )
                            import array

                            data_array = array.array("B", image_bytes)
                            c_ubyte_ptr = (
                                ctypes.c_ubyte * len(data_array)
                            ).from_buffer(data_array)
                            with suppress_stdout_stderr(disable=self.verbose):
                                embed = (
                                    self._llava_cpp.llava_image_embed_make_with_bytes(
                                        ctx_clip=self.clip_ctx,
                                        n_threads=llama.context_params.n_threads,
                                        image_bytes=c_ubyte_ptr,
                                        image_bytes_length=len(image_bytes),
                                    )
                                )
                            try:
                                n_past = ctypes.c_int(llama.n_tokens)
                                n_past_p = ctypes.pointer(n_past)
                                with suppress_stdout_stderr(disable=self.verbose):
                                    self._llava_cpp.llava_eval_image_embed(
                                        ctx_llama=llama.ctx,
                                        embed=embed,
                                        n_batch=llama.n_batch,
                                        n_past=n_past_p,
                                    )
                                assert llama.n_ctx() >= n_past.value
                                llama.n_tokens = n_past.value
                            finally:
                                with suppress_stdout_stderr(disable=self.verbose):
                                    self._llava_cpp.llava_image_embed_free(embed)
            if message["role"] == "assistant" and message["content"] is not None:
                llama.eval(
                    llama.tokenize(
                        f"ASSISTANT: {message['content']}".encode("utf8"), add_bos=False
                    )
                )
                assert llama.n_ctx() >= llama.n_tokens
        llama.eval(llama.tokenize(f"{assistant_role}".encode("utf8"), add_bos=False))
        assert llama.n_ctx() >= llama.n_tokens

        prompt = llama.input_ids[: llama.n_tokens].tolist()

        if response_format is not None and response_format["type"] == "json_object":
            try:
                # create grammar from json schema
                if "schema" in response_format:
                    grammar = llama_grammar.LlamaGrammar.from_json_schema(
                        json.dumps(response_format["schema"])
                    )
            except Exception as e:
                grammar = llama_grammar.LlamaGrammar.from_string(
                    llama_grammar.JSON_GBNF
                )

        return _convert_completion_to_chat(
            llama.create_completion(
                prompt=prompt,
                temperature=temperature,
                top_p=top_p,
                top_k=top_k,
                min_p=min_p,
                typical_p=typical_p,
                stream=stream,
                stop=stop,
                max_tokens=max_tokens,
                presence_penalty=presence_penalty,
                frequency_penalty=frequency_penalty,
                repeat_penalty=repeat_penalty,
                tfs_z=tfs_z,
                mirostat_mode=mirostat_mode,
                mirostat_tau=mirostat_tau,
                mirostat_eta=mirostat_eta,
                model=model,
                logits_processor=logits_processor,
                grammar=grammar,
            ),
            stream=stream,
        )


@register_chat_completion_handler("chatml-function-calling")
def chatml_function_calling(
    llama: llama.Llama,
    messages: List[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestMessage],
    functions: Optional[List[llama_types.ChatCompletionFunction]] = None,
    function_call: Optional[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestFunctionCall] = None,
    tools: Optional[List[llama_types.ChatCompletionTool]] = None,
    tool_choice: Optional[llama_types.ChatCompletionToolChoiceOption] = None,
    temperature: float = 0.2,
    top_p: float = 0.95,
    top_k: int = 40,
    min_p: float = 0.05,
    typical_p: float = 1.0,
    stream: bool = False,
    stop: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = [],
    response_format: Optional[llama_types.ChatCompletionRequestResponseFormat] = None,
    max_tokens: Optional[int] = None,
    presence_penalty: float = 0.0,
    frequency_penalty: float = 0.0,
    repeat_penalty: float = 1.1,
    tfs_z: float = 1.0,
    mirostat_mode: int = 0,
    mirostat_tau: float = 5.0,
    mirostat_eta: float = 0.1,
    model: Optional[str] = None,
    logits_processor: Optional[llama.LogitsProcessorList] = None,
    grammar: Optional[llama.LlamaGrammar] = None,
    **kwargs,  # type: ignore
) -> Union[
    llama_types.CreateChatCompletionResponse,
    Iterator[llama_types.CreateChatCompletionStreamResponse],
]:
    function_calling_template = (
        "{% for message in messages %}"
        "<|im_start|>{{ message.role }}\n"
        # System message
        "{% if message.role == 'system' %}"
        "{{ message.content }}"
        "{% if tool_calls %}"
        "\n\nYou have access to the following functions:\n"
        "{% for tool in tools %}"
        "\nfunctions.{{ tool.function.name }}:\n"
        "{{ tool.function.parameters | tojson }}"
        "\n{% endfor %}"
        "\n\nYou can respond to users messages with either a single message or one or more function calls."
        "\n\nTo respond with a message begin the message with 'message:', use the following format:"
        "\n\nmessage:"
        "\n<message>"
        "\n\nTo respond with one or more function calls begin the message with 'functions.<function_name>:', use the following format:"
        "\n\nfunctions.<function_name>:"
        '\n{ "arg1": "value1", "arg2": "value2" }'
        "\nfunctions.<function_name>:"
        '\n{ "arg1": "value1", "arg2": "value2" }'
        "{% endif %}"
        "<|im_end|>\n"
        "{% endif %}"
        # User message
        "{% if message.role == 'user' %}"
        "{{ message.content }}"
        "<|im_end|>\n"
        "{% endif %}"
        # Assistant message
        "{% if message.role == 'assistant' %}"
        ## Reglar message
        "{% if message.content and message.content | length > 0 %}"
        "{% if tool_calls %}"
        "message:\n"
        "{% endif %}"
        "{{ message.content }}"
        "<|im_end|>\n"
        "{% endif %}"
        ## Function calls
        "{% if 'tool_calls' in message %}"
        "{% for tool_call in message.tool_calls %}"
        "functions.{{ tool_call.function.name }}:\n"
        "{{ tool_call.function.arguments }}"
        "{% endfor %}"
        "<|im_end|>\n"
        "{% endif %}"
        "{% endif %}"
        "{% endfor %}"
        "{% if add_generation_prompt %}<|im_start|>assistant\n{% endif %}"
    )
    template_renderer = jinja2.Environment(
        loader=jinja2.BaseLoader(),
        autoescape=jinja2.select_autoescape(["html", "xml"]),
        undefined=jinja2.StrictUndefined,
    ).from_string(function_calling_template)

    # Convert legacy functions to tools
    if functions is not None:
        tools = [
            {
                "type": "function",
                "function": function,
            }
            for function in functions
        ]

    # Convert legacy function_call to tool_choice
    if function_call is not None:
        if isinstance(function_call, str) and (
            function_call == "none" or function_call == "auto"
        ):
            tool_choice = function_call
        if isinstance(function_call, dict) and "name" in function_call:
            tool_choice = {
                "type": "function",
                "function": {
                    "name": function_call["name"],
                },
            }

    stop = [stop, "<|im_end|>"] if isinstance(stop, str) else stop + ["<|im_end|>"] if stop else ["<|im_end|>"]

    # Case 1: No tool choice by user
    if (
        tool_choice is None
        or (isinstance(tool_choice, str) and tool_choice == "none")
        or tools is None
        or len(tools) == 0
    ):
        prompt = template_renderer.render(
            messages=messages,
            tools=[],
            tool_calls=None,
            add_generation_prompt=True,
        )
        if response_format is not None and response_format["type"] == "json_object":
            try:
                grammar = (
                    llama_grammar.LlamaGrammar.from_json_schema(
                        json.dumps(response_format["schema"])
                    )
                    if "schema" in response_format
                    else None
                )
            except Exception as e:
                if llama.verbose:
                    print(
                        "Failed to parse response format as JSON schema, falling back to default grammar"
                    )
                    print(e)
            grammar = (
                llama_grammar.LlamaGrammar.from_string(llama_grammar.JSON_GBNF)
                if grammar is None
                else grammar
            )
        return _convert_completion_to_chat(
            llama.create_completion(
                prompt=prompt,
                temperature=temperature,
                top_p=top_p,
                top_k=top_k,
                min_p=min_p,
                typical_p=typical_p,
                stream=stream,
                stop=stop,
                max_tokens=max_tokens,
                presence_penalty=presence_penalty,
                frequency_penalty=frequency_penalty,
                repeat_penalty=repeat_penalty,
                tfs_z=tfs_z,
                mirostat_mode=mirostat_mode,
                mirostat_tau=mirostat_tau,
                mirostat_eta=mirostat_eta,
                model=model,
                logits_processor=logits_processor,
                grammar=grammar,
            ),
            stream=stream,
        )

    def _convert_completion_to_chat_function(
        tool_name: str,
        completion_or_chunks: Union[
            llama_types.CreateCompletionResponse,
            Iterator[llama_types.CreateCompletionStreamResponse],
        ],
        stream: bool,
    ):
        if not stream:
            completion: llama_types.CreateCompletionResponse = completion_or_chunks  # type: ignore
            assert "usage" in completion
            tool_id = "call_" + "_0_" + tool_name + "_" + completion["id"]
            # TODO: Fix for legacy function calls
            chat_completion: llama_types.CreateChatCompletionResponse = {
                "id": "chat" + completion["id"],
                "object": "chat.completion",
                "created": completion["created"],
                "model": completion["model"],
                "choices": [
                    {
                        "index": 0,
                        "message": {
                            "role": "assistant",
                            "content": None,
                            "function_call": {
                                "name": tool_name,
                                "arguments": completion["choices"][0]["text"],
                            },
                            "tool_calls": [
                                {
                                    "id": tool_id,
                                    "type": "function",
                                    "function": {
                                        "name": tool_name,
                                        "arguments": completion["choices"][0]["text"],
                                    },
                                }
                            ],
                        },
                        "finish_reason": "tool_calls",
                    }
                ],
                "usage": completion["usage"],
            }
            return chat_completion
        else:
            chunks: Iterator[llama_types.CreateCompletionStreamResponse] = completion_or_chunks  # type: ignore

            def _stream_response_to_function_stream(
                chunks: Iterator[llama_types.CreateCompletionStreamResponse],
            ) -> Iterator[llama_types.CreateChatCompletionStreamResponse]:
                # blank first message
                first = True
                id_ = None
                created = None
                model = None
                tool_id = None
                for chunk in chunks:
                    if first:
                        id_ = "chat" + chunk["id"]
                        created = chunk["created"]
                        model = chunk["model"]
                        tool_id = "call_" + "_0_" + tool_name + "_" + chunk["id"]
                        yield {
                            "id": id_,
                            "object": "chat.completion.chunk",
                            "created": created,
                            "model": model,
                            "choices": [
                                {
                                    "index": 0,
                                    "finish_reason": None,
                                    "logprobs": None,
                                    "delta": {
                                        "role": "assistant",
                                        "content": None,
                                        "function_call": None,
                                        "tool_calls": None,
                                    },
                                }
                            ],
                        }
                        yield {
                            "id": "chat" + chunk["id"],
                            "object": "chat.completion.chunk",
                            "created": chunk["created"],
                            "model": chunk["model"],
                            "choices": [
                                {
                                    "index": 0,
                                    "finish_reason": None,
                                    "logprobs": None,
                                    "delta": {
                                        "role": None,
                                        "content": None,
                                        "function_call": {
                                            "name": tool_name,
                                            "arguments": chunk["choices"][0]["text"],
                                        },
                                        "tool_calls": [
                                            {
                                                "index": 0,
                                                "id": tool_id,
                                                "type": "function",
                                                "function": {
                                                    "name": tool_name,
                                                    "arguments": "",
                                                },
                                            }
                                        ],
                                    },
                                }
                            ],
                        }
                        first = False
                        continue
                    assert tool_id is not None
                    yield {
                        "id": "chat" + chunk["id"],
                        "object": "chat.completion.chunk",
                        "created": chunk["created"],
                        "model": chunk["model"],
                        "choices": [
                            {
                                "index": 0,
                                "finish_reason": None,
                                "logprobs": None,
                                "delta": {
                                    "role": None,
                                    "content": None,
                                    "function_call": {
                                        "name": tool_name,
                                        "arguments": chunk["choices"][0]["text"],
                                    },
                                    "tool_calls": [
                                        {
                                            "index": 0,
                                            "id": tool_id,
                                            "type": "function",
                                            "function": {
                                                "name": tool_name,
                                                "arguments": chunk["choices"][0][
                                                    "text"
                                                ],
                                            },
                                        }
                                    ],
                                },
                            }
                        ],
                    }

                if id_ is not None and created is not None and model is not None:
                    yield {
                        "id": id_,
                        "object": "chat.completion.chunk",
                        "created": created,
                        "model": model,
                        "choices": [
                            {
                                "index": 0,
                                "finish_reason": "tool_calls",
                                "logprobs": None,
                                "delta": {
                                    "role": None,
                                    "content": None,
                                    "function_call": None,
                                    "tool_calls": None,
                                },
                            }
                        ],
                    }

            return _stream_response_to_function_stream(chunks)

    # Case 2: Tool choice by user
    if isinstance(tool_choice, dict):
        tool_name = tool_choice["function"]["name"]
        tool = next(
            (tool for tool in tools if tool["function"]["name"] == tool_name), None
        )
        if tool is None:
            raise ValueError(f"Tool with name '{tool_name}' not found in tools")
        prompt = template_renderer.render(
            messages=messages,
            tools=tools,
            tool_calls=True,
            add_generation_prompt=True,
        )
        prompt += f"functions.{tool_name}:\n"
        try:
            grammar = llama_grammar.LlamaGrammar.from_json_schema(
                json.dumps(tool["function"]["parameters"]), verbose=llama.verbose
            )
        except Exception as e:
            grammar = llama_grammar.LlamaGrammar.from_string(
                llama_grammar.JSON_GBNF, verbose=llama.verbose
            )
            if llama.verbose:
                print(
                    "Failed to parse function body as JSON schema, falling back to default grammar"
                )
                print(e)
        completion_or_chunks = llama.create_completion(
            prompt=prompt,
            temperature=temperature,
            top_p=top_p,
            top_k=top_k,
            min_p=min_p,
            typical_p=typical_p,
            stream=stream,
            stop=stop,
            max_tokens=max_tokens,
            presence_penalty=presence_penalty,
            frequency_penalty=frequency_penalty,
            repeat_penalty=repeat_penalty,
            tfs_z=tfs_z,
            mirostat_mode=mirostat_mode,
            mirostat_tau=mirostat_tau,
            mirostat_eta=mirostat_eta,
            model=model,
            logits_processor=logits_processor,
            grammar=grammar,
        )
        return _convert_completion_to_chat_function(
            tool_name, completion_or_chunks, stream
        )

    # Case 3: Automatic tool choice
    assert isinstance(tool_choice, str) and tool_choice == "auto"
    function_names = " | ".join(
        [f'''"functions.{tool['function']['name']}:"''' for tool in tools]
    )
    initial_gbnf_tool_grammar = (
        """root   ::= functions | "message:"\n"""
        f"""functions ::= {function_names}\n"""
    )
    follow_up_gbnf_tool_grammar = (
        """root   ::= functions | "<|im_end|>"\n"""
        f"""functions ::= {function_names}\n"""
    )
    prompt = template_renderer.render(
        messages=messages,
        tools=tools,
        tool_calls=True,
        add_generation_prompt=True,
    )
    completion_or_chunks = llama.create_completion(
        prompt=prompt,
        temperature=0,
        top_p=top_p,
        top_k=top_k,
        min_p=min_p,
        typical_p=typical_p,
        stream=False,
        stop=[":"],
        max_tokens=None,
        presence_penalty=presence_penalty,
        frequency_penalty=frequency_penalty,
        repeat_penalty=repeat_penalty,
        tfs_z=tfs_z,
        mirostat_mode=mirostat_mode,
        mirostat_tau=mirostat_tau,
        mirostat_eta=mirostat_eta,
        model=model,
        logits_processor=logits_processor,
        grammar=llama_grammar.LlamaGrammar.from_string(
            initial_gbnf_tool_grammar, verbose=llama.verbose
        ),
    )
    completion: llama_types.CreateCompletionResponse = completion_or_chunks  # type: ignore
    text = completion["choices"][0]["text"]
    if "message" in text:
        return _convert_completion_to_chat(
            llama.create_completion(
                prompt=prompt + "message:\n",
                temperature=temperature,
                top_p=top_p,
                top_k=top_k,
                min_p=min_p,
                typical_p=typical_p,
                stream=stream,
                stop=["<|im_end|>"],
                max_tokens=None,
                presence_penalty=presence_penalty,
                frequency_penalty=frequency_penalty,
                repeat_penalty=repeat_penalty,
                tfs_z=tfs_z,
                mirostat_mode=mirostat_mode,
                mirostat_tau=mirostat_tau,
                mirostat_eta=mirostat_eta,
                model=model,
                logits_processor=logits_processor,
                grammar=llama_grammar.LlamaGrammar.from_string(
                    follow_up_gbnf_tool_grammar, verbose=llama.verbose
                ),
            ),
            stream=stream,
        )

    # One or more function calls
    tool_name = text[len("functions.") :]
    tool = next((tool for tool in tools if tool["function"]["name"] == tool_name), None)
    if not stream:
        completions = []
        completions_tool_name = []
        while tool is not None:
            prompt += f"functions.{tool_name}:\n"
            try:
                grammar = llama_grammar.LlamaGrammar.from_json_schema(
                    json.dumps(tool["function"]["parameters"]), verbose=llama.verbose
                )
            except Exception as e:
                grammar = llama_grammar.LlamaGrammar.from_string(
                    llama_grammar.JSON_GBNF, verbose=llama.verbose
                )
                if llama.verbose:
                    print(
                        "Failed to parse function body as JSON schema, falling back to default grammar"
                    )
                    print(e)
            completion_or_chunks = llama.create_completion(
                prompt=prompt,
                temperature=temperature,
                top_p=top_p,
                top_k=top_k,
                min_p=min_p,
                typical_p=typical_p,
                stream=False,
                stop=stop,
                max_tokens=None,
                presence_penalty=presence_penalty,
                frequency_penalty=frequency_penalty,
                repeat_penalty=repeat_penalty,
                tfs_z=tfs_z,
                mirostat_mode=mirostat_mode,
                mirostat_tau=mirostat_tau,
                mirostat_eta=mirostat_eta,
                model=model,
                logits_processor=logits_processor,
                grammar=grammar,
            )
            completions.append(completion_or_chunks)
            completions_tool_name.append(tool_name)
            prompt += completion_or_chunks["choices"][0]["text"]
            prompt += "\n"

            response = llama.create_completion(
                prompt=prompt,
                temperature=temperature,
                top_p=top_p,
                top_k=top_k,
                min_p=min_p,
                typical_p=typical_p,
                stream=False,
                stop=stop,
                max_tokens=None,
                presence_penalty=presence_penalty,
                frequency_penalty=frequency_penalty,
                repeat_penalty=repeat_penalty,
                tfs_z=tfs_z,
                mirostat_mode=mirostat_mode,
                mirostat_tau=mirostat_tau,
                mirostat_eta=mirostat_eta,
                model=model,
                logits_processor=logits_processor,
                grammar=llama_grammar.LlamaGrammar.from_string(
                    follow_up_gbnf_tool_grammar, verbose=llama.verbose
                ),
            )

            tool_name = response["choices"][0]["text"][len("functions.") :]
            tool = next(
                (tool for tool in tools if tool["function"]["name"] == tool_name), None
            )

        # Merge completions
        function_call = { 
            "function_call": {
                "name": tool_name,
                "arguments": completions[0]["choices"][0]["text"],
            }
        } if len(completions) == 1 else {}
        return {
            "id": "chat" + completion["id"],
            "object": "chat.completion",
            "created": completion["created"],
            "model": completion["model"],
            "choices": [
                {
                    "finish_reason": "tool_calls",
                    "index": 0,
                    "message": {
                        "role": "assistant",
                        "content": None,
                        "tool_calls": [
                            {
                                "id": "call_"
                                + f"_{i}_"
                                + tool_name
                                + "_"
                                + completion["id"],
                                "type": "function",
                                "function": {
                                    "name": tool_name,
                                    "arguments": completion["choices"][0]["text"],
                                },
                            }
                            for i, (tool_name, completion) in enumerate(
                                zip(completions_tool_name, completions)
                            )
                        ],
                        **function_call
                    },
                }
            ],
            "usage": {
                "completion_tokens": sum(
                    completion["usage"]["completion_tokens"]
                    for completion in completions
                ),
                "prompt_tokens": sum(
                    completion["usage"]["prompt_tokens"] for completion in completions
                ),
                "total_tokens": sum(
                    completion["usage"]["total_tokens"] for completion in completions
                ),
            },
        }

    raise ValueError("Automatic streaming tool choice is not supported")