85 KiB
85 KiB
| title | description |
|---|---|
| Routing Configuration for Traefik CRD | Understand the routing configuration for the Kubernetes IngressRoute & Traefik CRD. Read the technical documentation. |
Traefik & Kubernetes
The Kubernetes Ingress Controller, The Custom Resource Way. {: .subtitle }
Configuration Examples
??? example "Configuring KubernetesCRD and Deploying/Exposing Services"
```yaml tab="Resource Definition"
# All resources definition must be declared
--8<-- "content/reference/dynamic-configuration/kubernetes-crd-definition-v1.yml"
```
```yaml tab="RBAC"
--8<-- "content/reference/dynamic-configuration/kubernetes-crd-rbac.yml"
```
```yaml tab="Traefik"
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: traefik-ingress-controller
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
name: traefik
labels:
app: traefik
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: traefik
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: traefik
spec:
serviceAccountName: traefik-ingress-controller
containers:
- name: traefik
image: traefik:v3.2
args:
- --log.level=DEBUG
- --api
- --api.insecure
- --entryPoints.web.address=:80
- --entryPoints.tcpep.address=:8000
- --entryPoints.udpep.address=:9000/udp
- --providers.kubernetescrd
ports:
- name: web
containerPort: 80
- name: admin
containerPort: 8080
- name: tcpep
containerPort: 8000
- name: udpep
containerPort: 9000
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: traefik
spec:
type: LoadBalancer
selector:
app: traefik
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
name: web
targetPort: 80
- protocol: TCP
port: 8080
name: admin
targetPort: 8080
- protocol: TCP
port: 8000
name: tcpep
targetPort: 8000
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: traefikudp
spec:
type: LoadBalancer
selector:
app: traefik
ports:
- protocol: UDP
port: 9000
name: udpep
targetPort: 9000
```
```yaml tab="IngressRoute"
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: myingressroute
namespace: default
spec:
entryPoints:
- web
routes:
- match: Host(`foo`) && PathPrefix(`/bar`)
kind: Rule
services:
- name: whoami
port: 80
---
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRouteTCP
metadata:
name: ingressroute.tcp
namespace: default
spec:
entryPoints:
- tcpep
routes:
- match: HostSNI(`bar`)
services:
- name: whoamitcp
port: 8080
---
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRouteUDP
metadata:
name: ingressroute.udp
namespace: default
spec:
entryPoints:
- udpep
routes:
- services:
- name: whoamiudp
port: 8080
```
```yaml tab="Whoami"
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
name: whoami
namespace: default
labels:
app: traefiklabs
name: whoami
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
matchLabels:
app: traefiklabs
task: whoami
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: traefiklabs
task: whoami
spec:
containers:
- name: whoami
image: traefik/whoami
ports:
- containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: whoami
namespace: default
spec:
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
selector:
app: traefiklabs
task: whoami
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
name: whoamitcp
namespace: default
labels:
app: traefiklabs
name: whoamitcp
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
matchLabels:
app: traefiklabs
task: whoamitcp
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: traefiklabs
task: whoamitcp
spec:
containers:
- name: whoamitcp
image: traefik/whoamitcp
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: whoamitcp
namespace: default
spec:
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 8080
selector:
app: traefiklabs
task: whoamitcp
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
name: whoamiudp
namespace: default
labels:
app: traefiklabs
name: whoamiudp
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
matchLabels:
app: traefiklabs
task: whoamiudp
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: traefiklabs
task: whoamiudp
spec:
containers:
- name: whoamiudp
image: traefik/whoamiudp:latest
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: whoamiudp
namespace: default
spec:
ports:
- port: 8080
selector:
app: traefiklabs
task: whoamiudp
```
Routing Configuration
Custom Resource Definition (CRD)
- You can find an exhaustive list, generated from Traefik's source code, of the custom resources and their attributes in the reference page.
- Validate that the prerequisites are fulfilled before using the Traefik custom resources.
- Traefik CRDs are building blocks that you can assemble according to your needs.
You can find an excerpt of the available custom resources in the table below:
| Kind | Purpose | Concept Behind |
|---|---|---|
| IngressRoute | HTTP Routing | HTTP router |
| Middleware | Tweaks the HTTP requests before they are sent to your service | HTTP Middlewares |
| TraefikService | Abstraction for HTTP loadbalancing/mirroring | HTTP service |
| IngressRouteTCP | TCP Routing | TCP router |
| MiddlewareTCP | Tweaks the TCP requests before they are sent to your service | TCP Middlewares |
| IngressRouteUDP | UDP Routing | UDP router |
| TLSOptions | Allows to configure some parameters of the TLS connection | TLSOptions |
| TLSStores | Allows to configure the default TLS store | TLSStores |
| ServersTransport | Allows to configure the transport between Traefik and the backends | ServersTransport |
| ServersTransportTCP | Allows to configure the transport between Traefik and the backends | TCP ServersTransport |
Kind: IngressRoute
IngressRoute is the CRD implementation of a Traefik HTTP router.
Register the IngressRoute kind in the Kubernetes cluster before creating IngressRoute objects.
!!! info "IngressRoute Attributes"
```yaml
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: foo
namespace: bar
spec:
entryPoints: # [1]
- foo
routes: # [2]
- kind: Rule
match: Host(`test.example.com`) # [3]
priority: 10 # [4]
middlewares: # [5]
- name: middleware1 # [6]
namespace: default # [7]
services: # [8]
- kind: Service
name: foo
namespace: default
passHostHeader: true
port: 80 # [9]
responseForwarding:
flushInterval: 1ms
scheme: https
serversTransport: transport # [10]
healthCheck: # [11]
path: /health
interval: 15s
sticky:
cookie:
httpOnly: true
name: cookie
secure: true
sameSite: none
maxAge: 42
strategy: RoundRobin
weight: 10
nativeLB: true # [12]
nodePortLB: true # [13]
tls: # [14]
secretName: supersecret # [15]
options: # [16]
name: opt # [17]
namespace: default # [18]
certResolver: foo # [19]
domains: # [20]
- main: example.net # [21]
sans: # [22]
- a.example.net
- b.example.net
```
| Ref | Attribute | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| [1] | entryPoints |
List of entry points names |
| [2] | routes |
List of routes |
| [3] | routes[n].match |
Defines the rule corresponding to an underlying router. |
| [4] | routes[n].priority |
Defines the priority to disambiguate rules of the same length, for route matching |
| [5] | routes[n].middlewares |
List of reference to Middleware |
| [6] | middlewares[n].name |
Defines the Middleware name |
| [7] | middlewares[n].namespace |
Defines the Middleware namespace. It can be omitted when the Middleware is in the IngressRoute namespace. |
| [8] | routes[n].services |
List of any combination of TraefikService and reference to a Kubernetes service (See below for ExternalName Service setup) |
| [9] | services[n].port |
Defines the port of a Kubernetes service. This can be a reference to a named port. |
| [10] | services[n].serversTransport |
Defines the reference to a ServersTransport. The ServersTransport namespace is assumed to be the Kubernetes service namespace (see ServersTransport reference). |
| [11] | services[n].healthCheck |
Defines the HealthCheck when service references a Kubernetes service of type ExternalName. |
| [12] | services[n].nativeLB |
Controls, when creating the load-balancer, whether the LB's children are directly the pods IPs or if the only child is the Kubernetes Service clusterIP. |
| [13] | services[n].nodePortLB |
Controls, when creating the load-balancer, whether the LB's children are directly the nodes internal IPs using the nodePort when the service type is NodePort. |
| [14] | tls |
Defines TLS certificate configuration |
| [15] | tls.secretName |
Defines the secret name used to store the certificate (in the IngressRoute namespace) |
| [16] | tls.options |
Defines the reference to a TLSOption |
| [17] | options.name |
Defines the TLSOption name |
| [18] | options.namespace |
Defines the TLSOption namespace |
| [19] | tls.certResolver |
Defines the reference to a CertResolver |
| [20] | tls.domains |
List of domains |
| [21] | domains[n].main |
Defines the main domain name |
| [22] | domains[n].sans |
List of SANs (alternative domains) |
??? example "Declaring an IngressRoute"
```yaml tab="IngressRoute"
# All resources definition must be declared
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: test-name
namespace: default
spec:
entryPoints:
- web
routes:
- kind: Rule
match: Host(`test.example.com`)
middlewares:
- name: middleware1
namespace: default
priority: 10
services:
- kind: Service
name: foo
namespace: default
passHostHeader: true
port: 80
responseForwarding:
flushInterval: 1ms
scheme: https
sticky:
cookie:
httpOnly: true
name: cookie
secure: true
strategy: RoundRobin
weight: 10
tls:
certResolver: foo
domains:
- main: example.net
sans:
- a.example.net
- b.example.net
options:
name: opt
namespace: default
secretName: supersecret
```
```yaml tab="Middlewares"
# All resources definition must be declared
# Prefixing with /foo
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: Middleware
metadata:
name: middleware1
namespace: default
spec:
addPrefix:
prefix: /foo
```
```yaml tab="TLSOption"
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: TLSOption
metadata:
name: opt
namespace: default
spec:
minVersion: VersionTLS12
```
```yaml tab="Secret"
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: supersecret
data:
tls.crt: LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBDRVJUSUZJQ0FURS0tLS0tCi0tLS0tRU5EIENFUlRJRklDQVRFLS0tLS0=
tls.key: LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBQUklWQVRFIEtFWS0tLS0tCi0tLS0tRU5EIFBSSVZBVEUgS0VZLS0tLS0=
```
!!! important "Configuring Backend Protocol"
There are 3 ways to configure the backend protocol for communication between Traefik and your pods:
- Setting the scheme explicitly (http/https/h2c)
- Configuring the name of the kubernetes service port to start with https (https)
- Setting the kubernetes service port to use port 443 (https)
If you do not configure the above, Traefik will assume an http connection.
!!! important "Using Kubernetes ExternalName Service"
Traefik backends creation needs a port to be set, however Kubernetes [ExternalName Service](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#externalname) could be defined without any port.
Accordingly, Traefik supports defining a port in two ways:
- only on `IngressRoute` service
- on both sides, you'll be warned if the ports don't match, and the `IngressRoute` service port is used
Thus, in case of two sides port definition, Traefik expects a match between ports.
??? example "Examples"
```yaml tab="IngressRoute"
---
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: test.route
namespace: default
spec:
entryPoints:
- foo
routes:
- match: Host(`example.net`)
kind: Rule
services:
- name: external-svc
port: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: external-svc
namespace: default
spec:
externalName: external.domain
type: ExternalName
```
```yaml tab="ExternalName Service"
---
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: test.route
namespace: default
spec:
entryPoints:
- foo
routes:
- match: Host(`example.net`)
kind: Rule
services:
- name: external-svc
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: external-svc
namespace: default
spec:
externalName: external.domain
type: ExternalName
ports:
- port: 80
```
```yaml tab="Both sides"
---
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: test.route
namespace: default
spec:
entryPoints:
- foo
routes:
- match: Host(`example.net`)
kind: Rule
services:
- name: external-svc
port: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: external-svc
namespace: default
spec:
externalName: external.domain
type: ExternalName
ports:
- port: 80
```
Load Balancing
More information in the dedicated server load balancing section.
!!! info "Declaring and using Kubernetes Service Load Balancing"
```yaml tab="IngressRoute"
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: ingressroutebar
namespace: default
spec:
entryPoints:
- web
routes:
- match: Host(`example.com`) && PathPrefix(`/foo`)
kind: Rule
services:
- name: svc1
namespace: default
- name: svc2
namespace: default
```
```yaml tab="K8s Service"
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: svc1
namespace: default
spec:
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
selector:
app: traefiklabs
task: app1
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: svc2
namespace: default
spec:
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
selector:
app: traefiklabs
task: app2
```
!!! important "Kubernetes Service Native Load-Balancing"
To avoid creating the server load-balancer with the pods IPs and use Kubernetes Service clusterIP directly,
one should set the service `NativeLB` option to true.
Please note that, by default, Traefik reuses the established connections to the backends for performance purposes. This can prevent the requests load balancing between the replicas from behaving as one would expect when the option is set.
By default, `NativeLB` is false.
??? example "Example"
```yaml
---
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: test.route
namespace: default
spec:
entryPoints:
- foo
routes:
- match: Host(`example.net`)
kind: Rule
services:
- name: svc
port: 80
# Here, nativeLB instructs to build the servers load balancer with the Kubernetes Service clusterIP only.
nativeLB: true
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: svc
namespace: default
spec:
type: ClusterIP
...
```
Kind: Middleware
Middleware is the CRD implementation of a Traefik middleware.
Register the Middleware kind in the Kubernetes cluster before creating Middleware objects or referencing middlewares in the IngressRoute objects.
??? "Declaring and Referencing a Middleware"
```yaml tab="Middleware"
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: Middleware
metadata:
name: stripprefix
namespace: foo
spec:
stripPrefix:
prefixes:
- /stripit
```
```yaml tab="IngressRoute"
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: ingressroutebar
spec:
entryPoints:
- web
routes:
- match: Host(`example.com`) && PathPrefix(`/stripit`)
kind: Rule
services:
- name: whoami
port: 80
middlewares:
- name: stripprefix
namespace: foo
```
!!! important "Cross-provider namespace"
As Kubernetes also has its own notion of namespace, one should not confuse the kubernetes namespace of a resource
(in the reference to the middleware) with the [provider namespace](../../providers/overview.md#provider-namespace),
when the definition of the middleware comes from another provider.
In this context, specifying a namespace when referring to the resource does not make any sense, and will be ignored.
Additionally, when you want to reference a Middleware from the CRD Provider,
you have to append the namespace of the resource in the resource-name as Traefik appends the namespace internally automatically.
More information about available middlewares in the dedicated middlewares section.
Kind: TraefikService
TraefikService is the CRD implementation of a "Traefik Service".
Register the TraefikService kind in the Kubernetes cluster before creating TraefikService objects,
referencing services in the IngressRoute objects, or recursively in others TraefikService objects.
!!! info "Disambiguate Traefik and Kubernetes Services"
As the field `name` can reference different types of objects, use the field `kind` to avoid any ambiguity.
The field `kind` allows the following values:
* `Service` (default value): to reference a [Kubernetes Service](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/)
* `TraefikService`: to reference another [Traefik Service](../services/index.md)
TraefikService object allows to use any (valid) combinations of:
- Weighted Round Robin load balancing.
- Mirroring.
Weighted Round Robin
More information in the dedicated Weighted Round Robin service load balancing section.
??? "Declaring and Using Weighted Round Robin"
```yaml tab="IngressRoute"
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: ingressroutebar
namespace: default
spec:
entryPoints:
- web
routes:
- match: Host(`example.com`) && PathPrefix(`/foo`)
kind: Rule
services:
- name: wrr1
namespace: default
kind: TraefikService
```
```yaml tab="Weighted Round Robin"
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: TraefikService
metadata:
name: wrr1
namespace: default
spec:
weighted:
services:
- name: svc1
port: 80
weight: 1
- name: wrr2
kind: TraefikService
weight: 1
- name: mirror1
kind: TraefikService
weight: 1
---
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: TraefikService
metadata:
name: wrr2
namespace: default
spec:
weighted:
services:
- name: svc2
port: 80
weight: 1
- name: svc3
port: 80
weight: 1
```
```yaml tab="K8s Service"
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: svc1
namespace: default
spec:
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
selector:
app: traefiklabs
task: app1
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: svc2
namespace: default
spec:
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
selector:
app: traefiklabs
task: app2
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: svc3
namespace: default
spec:
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
selector:
app: traefiklabs
task: app3
```
Mirroring
More information in the dedicated mirroring service section.
??? "Declaring and Using Mirroring"
```yaml tab="IngressRoute"
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: ingressroutebar
namespace: default
spec:
entryPoints:
- web
routes:
- match: Host(`example.com`) && PathPrefix(`/foo`)
kind: Rule
services:
- name: mirror1
namespace: default
kind: TraefikService
```
```yaml tab="Mirroring k8s Service"
# Mirroring from a k8s Service
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: TraefikService
metadata:
name: mirror1
namespace: default
spec:
mirroring:
name: svc1 # svc1 receives 100% of the traffic
port: 80
mirrors:
- name: svc2 # svc2 receives a copy of 20% of this traffic
port: 80
percent: 20
- name: svc3 # svc3 receives a copy of 15% of this traffic
kind: TraefikService
percent: 15
```
```yaml tab="Mirroring Traefik Service"
# Mirroring from a Traefik Service
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: TraefikService
metadata:
name: mirror1
namespace: default
spec:
mirroring:
name: wrr1 # wrr1 receives 100% of the traffic
kind: TraefikService
mirrors:
- name: svc2 # svc2 receives a copy of 20% of this traffic
port: 80
percent: 20
- name: svc3 # svc3 receives a copy of 10% of this traffic
kind: TraefikService
percent: 10
```
```yaml tab="K8s Service"
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: svc1
namespace: default
spec:
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
selector:
app: traefiklabs
task: app1
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: svc2
namespace: default
spec:
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
selector:
app: traefiklabs
task: app2
```
!!! important "References and namespaces"
If the optional `namespace` attribute is not set, the configuration will be applied with the namespace of the current resource.
Additionally, when the definition of the `TraefikService` is from another provider,
the cross-provider syntax (`service@provider`) should be used to refer to the `TraefikService`, just as in the middleware case.
Specifying a namespace attribute in this case would not make any sense, and will be ignored (except if the provider is `kubernetescrd`).
Stickiness and load-balancing
As explained in the section about Sticky sessions, for stickiness to work all the way, it must be specified at each load-balancing level.
For instance, in the example below, there is a first level of load-balancing because there is a (Weighted Round Robin) load-balancing of the two whoami services,
and there is a second level because each whoami service is a replicaset and is thus handled as a load-balancer of servers.
??? "Stickiness on two load-balancing levels"
```yaml tab="IngressRoute"
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: ingressroutebar
namespace: default
spec:
entryPoints:
- web
routes:
- match: Host(`example.com`) && PathPrefix(`/foo`)
kind: Rule
services:
- name: wrr1
namespace: default
kind: TraefikService
```
```yaml tab="Weighted Round Robin"
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: TraefikService
metadata:
name: wrr1
namespace: default
spec:
weighted:
services:
- name: whoami1
kind: Service
port: 80
weight: 1
sticky:
cookie:
name: lvl2
- name: whoami2
kind: Service
weight: 1
port: 80
sticky:
cookie:
name: lvl2
sticky:
cookie:
name: lvl1
```
```yaml tab="K8s Service"
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: whoami1
spec:
ports:
- protocol: TCP
name: web
port: 80
selector:
app: whoami1
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: whoami2
spec:
ports:
- protocol: TCP
name: web
port: 80
selector:
app: whoami2
```
```yaml tab="Deployment (to illustrate replicas)"
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
namespace: default
name: whoami1
labels:
app: whoami1
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
matchLabels:
app: whoami1
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: whoami1
spec:
containers:
- name: whoami1
image: traefik/whoami
ports:
- name: web
containerPort: 80
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
namespace: default
name: whoami2
labels:
app: whoami2
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
matchLabels:
app: whoami2
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: whoami2
spec:
containers:
- name: whoami2
image: traefik/whoami
ports:
- name: web
containerPort: 80
```
To keep a session open with the same server, the client would then need to specify the two levels within the cookie for each request, e.g. with curl:
```bash
curl -H Host:example.com -b "lvl1=default-whoami1-80; lvl2=http://10.42.0.6:80" http://localhost:8000/foo
```
assuming `10.42.0.6` is the IP address of one of the replicas (a pod then) of the `whoami1` service.
Kind: IngressRouteTCP
IngressRouteTCP is the CRD implementation of a Traefik TCP router.
Register the IngressRouteTCP kind in the Kubernetes cluster before creating IngressRouteTCP objects.
!!! info "IngressRouteTCP Attributes"
```yaml
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRouteTCP
metadata:
name: ingressroutetcpfoo
spec:
entryPoints: # [1]
- footcp
routes: # [2]
- match: HostSNI(`*`) # [3]
priority: 10 # [4]
middlewares:
- name: middleware1 # [5]
namespace: default # [6]
services: # [7]
- name: foo # [8]
port: 8080 # [9]
weight: 10 # [10]
proxyProtocol: # [11]
version: 1 # [12]
serversTransport: transport # [13]
nativeLB: true # [14]
nodePortLB: true # [15]
tls: # [16]
secretName: supersecret # [17]
options: # [18]
name: opt # [19]
namespace: default # [20]
certResolver: foo # [21]
domains: # [22]
- main: example.net # [23]
sans: # [24]
- a.example.net
- b.example.net
passthrough: false # [25]
```
| Ref | Attribute | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| [1] | entryPoints |
List of entrypoints names |
| [2] | routes |
List of routes |
| [3] | routes[n].match |
Defines the rule of the underlying router |
| [4] | routes[n].priority |
Defines the priority to disambiguate rules of the same length, for route matching |
| [5] | middlewares[n].name |
Defines the MiddlewareTCP name |
| [6] | middlewares[n].namespace |
Defines the MiddlewareTCP namespace |
| [7] | routes[n].services |
List of Kubernetes service definitions (See below for ExternalName Service setup) |
| [8] | services[n].name |
Defines the name of a Kubernetes service |
| [9] | services[n].port |
Defines the port of a Kubernetes service. This can be a reference to a named port. |
| [10] | services[n].weight |
Defines the weight to apply to the server load balancing |
| [11] | services[n].proxyProtocol |
Defines the PROXY protocol configuration |
| [12] | services[n].proxyProtocol.version |
Defines the PROXY protocol version |
| [13] | services[n].serversTransport |
Defines the reference to a ServersTransportTCP. The ServersTransport namespace is assumed to be the Kubernetes service namespace (see ServersTransport reference). |
| [14] | services[n].nativeLB |
Controls, when creating the load-balancer, whether the LB's children are directly the pods IPs or if the only child is the Kubernetes Service clusterIP. |
| [15] | services[n].nodePortLB |
Controls, when creating the load-balancer, whether the LB's children are directly the nodes internal IPs using the nodePort when the service type is |
| [16] | tls |
Defines TLS certificate configuration |
| [17] | tls.secretName |
Defines the secret name used to store the certificate (in the IngressRoute namespace) |
| [18] | tls.options |
Defines the reference to a TLSOption |
| [19] | tls.options.name |
Defines the TLSOption name |
| [20] | tls.options.namespace |
Defines the TLSOption namespace |
| [21] | tls.certResolver |
Defines the reference to a CertResolver |
| [22] | tls.domains |
List of domains |
| [23] | tls.domains[n].main |
Defines the main domain name |
| [24] | tls.domains[n].sans |
List of SANs (alternative domains) |
| [25] | tls.passthrough |
If true, delegates the TLS termination to the backend |
??? example "Declaring an IngressRouteTCP"
```yaml tab="IngressRouteTCP"
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRouteTCP
metadata:
name: ingressroutetcpfoo
spec:
entryPoints:
- footcp
routes:
# Match is the rule corresponding to an underlying router.
- match: HostSNI(`*`)
priority: 10
services:
- name: foo
port: 8080
weight: 10
- name: bar
port: 8081
weight: 10
tls:
certResolver: foo
domains:
- main: example.net
sans:
- a.example.net
- b.example.net
options:
name: opt
namespace: default
secretName: supersecret
passthrough: false
```
```yaml tab="TLSOption"
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: TLSOption
metadata:
name: opt
namespace: default
spec:
minVersion: VersionTLS12
```
```yaml tab="Secret"
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: supersecret
data:
tls.crt: LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBDRVJUSUZJQ0FURS0tLS0tCi0tLS0tRU5EIENFUlRJRklDQVRFLS0tLS0=
tls.key: LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBQUklWQVRFIEtFWS0tLS0tCi0tLS0tRU5EIFBSSVZBVEUgS0VZLS0tLS0=
```
!!! important "Using Kubernetes ExternalName Service"
Traefik backends creation needs a port to be set, however Kubernetes [ExternalName Service](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#externalname) could be defined without any port.
Accordingly, Traefik supports defining a port in two ways:
- only on `IngressRouteTCP` service
- on both sides, you'll be warned if the ports don't match, and the `IngressRouteTCP` service port is used
Thus, in case of two sides port definition, Traefik expects a match between ports.
??? example "Examples"
```yaml tab="Only on IngressRouteTCP"
---
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRouteTCP
metadata:
name: test.route
namespace: default
spec:
entryPoints:
- foo
routes:
- match: HostSNI(`*`)
services:
- name: external-svc
port: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: external-svc
namespace: default
spec:
externalName: external.domain
type: ExternalName
```
```yaml tab="On both sides"
---
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRouteTCP
metadata:
name: test.route
namespace: default
spec:
entryPoints:
- foo
routes:
- match: HostSNI(`*`)
services:
- name: external-svc
port: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: external-svc
namespace: default
spec:
externalName: external.domain
type: ExternalName
ports:
- port: 80
```
!!! important "Kubernetes Service Native Load-Balancing"
To avoid creating the server load-balancer with the pods IPs and use Kubernetes Service clusterIP directly,
one should set the TCP service `NativeLB` option to true.
By default, `NativeLB` is false.
??? example "Examples"
```yaml
---
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRouteTCP
metadata:
name: test.route
namespace: default
spec:
entryPoints:
- foo
routes:
- match: HostSNI(`*`)
services:
- name: svc
port: 80
# Here, nativeLB instructs to build the servers load balancer with the Kubernetes Service clusterIP only.
nativeLB: true
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: svc
namespace: default
spec:
type: ClusterIP
...
```
Kind: MiddlewareTCP
MiddlewareTCP is the CRD implementation of a Traefik TCP middleware.
Register the MiddlewareTCP kind in the Kubernetes cluster before creating MiddlewareTCP objects or referencing TCP middlewares in the IngressRouteTCP objects.
??? "Declaring and Referencing a MiddlewareTCP "
```yaml tab="Middleware"
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: MiddlewareTCP
metadata:
name: ipallowlist
spec:
ipAllowList:
sourceRange:
- 127.0.0.1/32
- 192.168.1.7
```
```yaml tab="IngressRoute"
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: ingressroutebar
spec:
entryPoints:
- web
routes:
- match: Host(`example.com`) && PathPrefix(`/allowlist`)
kind: Rule
services:
- name: whoami
port: 80
middlewares:
- name: ipallowlist
namespace: foo
```
!!! important "Cross-provider namespace"
As Kubernetes also has its own notion of namespace, one should not confuse the kubernetes namespace of a resource
(in the reference to the middleware) with the [provider namespace](../../providers/overview.md#provider-namespace),
when the definition of the TCP middleware comes from another provider.
In this context, specifying a namespace when referring to the resource does not make any sense, and will be ignored.
Additionally, when you want to reference a MiddlewareTCP from the CRD Provider,
you have to append the namespace of the resource in the resource-name as Traefik appends the namespace internally automatically.
More information about available TCP middlewares in the dedicated middlewares section.
Kind: IngressRouteUDP
IngressRouteUDP is the CRD implementation of a Traefik UDP router.
Register the IngressRouteUDP kind in the Kubernetes cluster before creating IngressRouteUDP objects.
!!! info "IngressRouteUDP Attributes"
```yaml
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRouteUDP
metadata:
name: ingressrouteudpfoo
spec:
entryPoints: # [1]
- fooudp
routes: # [2]
- services: # [3]
- name: foo # [4]
port: 8080 # [5]
weight: 10 # [6]
nativeLB: true # [7]
nodePortLB: true # [8]
```
| Ref | Attribute | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| [1] | entryPoints |
List of entrypoints names |
| [2] | routes |
List of routes |
| [3] | routes[n].services |
List of Kubernetes service definitions (See below for ExternalName Service setup) |
| [4] | services[n].name |
Defines the name of a Kubernetes service |
| [5] | services[n].port |
Defines the port of a Kubernetes service. This can be a reference to a named port. |
| [6] | services[n].weight |
Defines the weight to apply to the server load balancing |
| [7] | services[n].nativeLB |
Controls, when creating the load-balancer, whether the LB's children are directly the pods IPs or if the only child is the Kubernetes Service clusterIP. |
| [8] | services[n].nodePortLB |
Controls, when creating the load-balancer, whether the LB's children are directly the nodes internal IPs using the nodePort when the service type is NodePort. |
??? example "Declaring an IngressRouteUDP"
```yaml
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRouteUDP
metadata:
name: ingressrouteudpfoo
spec:
entryPoints:
- fooudp
routes:
- services:
- name: foo
port: 8080
weight: 10
- name: bar
port: 8081
weight: 10
```
!!! important "Using Kubernetes ExternalName Service"
Traefik backends creation needs a port to be set, however Kubernetes [ExternalName Service](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#externalname) could be defined without any port.
Accordingly, Traefik supports defining a port in two ways:
- only on `IngressRouteUDP` service
- on both sides, you'll be warned if the ports don't match, and the `IngressRouteUDP` service port is used
Thus, in case of two sides port definition, Traefik expects a match between ports.
??? example "Examples"
```yaml tab="IngressRouteUDP"
---
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRouteUDP
metadata:
name: test.route
namespace: default
spec:
entryPoints:
- foo
routes:
- services:
- name: external-svc
port: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: external-svc
namespace: default
spec:
externalName: external.domain
type: ExternalName
```
```yaml tab="ExternalName Service"
---
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRouteUDP
metadata:
name: test.route
namespace: default
spec:
entryPoints:
- foo
routes:
- services:
- name: external-svc
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: external-svc
namespace: default
spec:
externalName: external.domain
type: ExternalName
ports:
- port: 80
```
```yaml tab="Both sides"
---
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRouteUDP
metadata:
name: test.route
namespace: default
spec:
entryPoints:
- foo
routes:
- services:
- name: external-svc
port: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: external-svc
namespace: default
spec:
externalName: external.domain
type: ExternalName
ports:
- port: 80
```
!!! important "Kubernetes Service Native Load-Balancing"
To avoid creating the server load-balancer with the pods IPs and use Kubernetes Service clusterIP directly,
one should set the UDP service `NativeLB` option to true.
By default, `NativeLB` is false.
??? example "Example"
```yaml
---
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRouteUDP
metadata:
name: test.route
namespace: default
spec:
entryPoints:
- foo
routes:
- services:
- name: svc
port: 80
# Here, nativeLB instructs to build the servers load balancer with the Kubernetes Service clusterIP only.
nativeLB: true
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: svc
namespace: default
spec:
type: ClusterIP
...
```
Kind: TLSOption
TLSOption is the CRD implementation of a Traefik "TLS Option".
Register the TLSOption kind in the Kubernetes cluster before creating TLSOption objects
or referencing TLS options in the IngressRoute / IngressRouteTCP objects.
!!! info "TLSOption Attributes"
```yaml tab="TLSOption"
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: TLSOption
metadata:
name: mytlsoption # [1]
namespace: default
spec:
minVersion: VersionTLS12 # [2]
maxVersion: VersionTLS13 # [3]
curvePreferences: # [4]
- CurveP521
- CurveP384
cipherSuites: # [5]
- TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
- TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
clientAuth: # [6]
secretNames: # [7]
- secret-ca1
- secret-ca2
clientAuthType: VerifyClientCertIfGiven # [8]
sniStrict: true # [9]
alpnProtocols: # [10]
- foobar
```
| Ref | Attribute | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| [1] | name |
Defines the name of the TLSOption resource. One can use default as name to redefine the default TLSOption. |
| [2] | minVersion |
Defines the minimum TLS version that is acceptable. |
| [3] | maxVersion |
Defines the maximum TLS version that is acceptable. |
| [4] | cipherSuites |
list of supported cipher suites for TLS versions up to TLS 1.2. |
| [5] | curvePreferences |
List of the elliptic curves references that will be used in an ECDHE handshake, in preference order. |
| [6] | clientAuth |
determines the server's policy for TLS Client Authentication. |
| [7] | clientAuth.secretNames |
list of names of the referenced Kubernetes Secrets (in TLSOption namespace). The secret must contain a certificate under either a tls.ca or a ca.crt key. |
| [8] | clientAuth.clientAuthType |
defines the client authentication type to apply. The available values are: NoClientCert, RequestClientCert, VerifyClientCertIfGiven and RequireAndVerifyClientCert. |
| [9] | sniStrict |
if true, Traefik won't allow connections from clients connections that do not specify a server_name extension. |
| [10] | alpnProtocols |
List of supported application level protocols for the TLS handshake, in order of preference. |
!!! info "CA Secret"
The CA secret must contain a base64 encoded certificate under either a `tls.ca` or a `ca.crt` key.
??? example "Declaring and referencing a TLSOption"
```yaml tab="TLSOption"
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: TLSOption
metadata:
name: mytlsoption
namespace: default
spec:
minVersion: VersionTLS12
sniStrict: true
cipherSuites:
- TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
- TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
clientAuth:
secretNames:
- secret-ca1
- secret-ca2
clientAuthType: VerifyClientCertIfGiven
```
```yaml tab="IngressRoute"
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: ingressroutebar
spec:
entryPoints:
- web
routes:
- match: Host(`example.com`) && PathPrefix(`/stripit`)
kind: Rule
services:
- name: whoami
port: 80
tls:
options:
name: mytlsoption
namespace: default
```
```yaml tab="Secrets"
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: secret-ca1
namespace: default
data:
# Must contain a certificate under either a `tls.ca` or a `ca.crt` key.
tls.ca: LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBDRVJUSUZJQ0FURS0tLS0tCi0tLS0tRU5EIENFUlRJRklDQVRFLS0tLS0=
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: secret-ca2
namespace: default
data:
# Must contain a certificate under either a `tls.ca` or a `ca.crt` key.
tls.ca: LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBDRVJUSUZJQ0FURS0tLS0tCi0tLS0tRU5EIENFUlRJRklDQVRFLS0tLS0=
```
!!! important "References and namespaces"
If the optional `namespace` attribute is not set, the configuration will be applied with the namespace of the IngressRoute.
Additionally, when the definition of the TLS option is from another provider,
the cross-provider [syntax](../../providers/overview.md#provider-namespace) (`middlewarename@provider`) should be used to refer to the TLS option.
Specifying a namespace attribute in this case would not make any sense, and will be ignored.
Kind: TLSStore
TLSStore is the CRD implementation of a Traefik "TLS Store".
Register the TLSStore kind in the Kubernetes cluster before creating TLSStore objects.
!!! important "Default TLS Store"
Traefik currently only uses the [TLS Store named "default"](../../https/tls.md#certificates-stores).
This _default_ `TLSStore` should be in a namespace discoverable by Traefik. Since it is used by default on [`IngressRoute`](#kind-ingressroute) and [`IngressRouteTCP`](#kind-ingressroutetcp) objects, there never is a need to actually reference it.
This means that you cannot have two stores that are named default in different Kubernetes namespaces.
As a consequence, with respect to TLS stores, the only change that makes sense (and only if needed) is to configure the default TLSStore.
!!! info "TLSStore Attributes" ```yaml tab="TLSStore" apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1 kind: TLSStore metadata: name: default
spec:
certificates: # [1]
- secretName: foo
- secretName: bar
defaultCertificate: # [2]
secretName: secret
```
| Ref | Attribute | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| [1] | certificates |
List of Kubernetes Secrets, each of them holding a key/certificate pair to add to the store. |
| [2] | defaultCertificate |
Name of a Kubernetes Secret that holds the default key/certificate pair for the store. |
??? example "Declaring and referencing a TLSStore"
```yaml tab="TLSStore"
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: TLSStore
metadata:
name: default
spec:
defaultCertificate:
secretName: supersecret
```
```yaml tab="IngressRoute"
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: ingressroutebar
spec:
entryPoints:
- websecure
routes:
- match: Host(`example.com`) && PathPrefix(`/stripit`)
kind: Rule
services:
- name: whoami
port: 80
tls: {}
```
```yaml tab="Secret"
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: supersecret
data:
tls.crt: LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBDRVJUSUZJQ0FURS0tLS0tCi0tLS0tRU5EIENFUlRJRklDQVRFLS0tLS0=
tls.key: LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBQUklWQVRFIEtFWS0tLS0tCi0tLS0tRU5EIFBSSVZBVEUgS0VZLS0tLS0=
```
Kind: ServersTransport
ServersTransport is the CRD implementation of a ServersTransport.
!!! important "Default serversTransport"
If no serversTransport is specified, the default@internal will be used.
The default@internal serversTransport is created from the static configuration.
!!! info "ServersTransport Attributes"
```yaml tab="ServersTransport"
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: ServersTransport
metadata:
name: mytransport
namespace: default
spec:
serverName: foobar # [1]
insecureSkipVerify: true # [2]
rootCAsSecrets: # [3]
- foobar
- foobar
certificatesSecrets: # [4]
- foobar
- foobar
maxIdleConnsPerHost: 1 # [5]
forwardingTimeouts: # [6]
dialTimeout: 42s # [7]
responseHeaderTimeout: 42s # [8]
idleConnTimeout: 42s # [9]
peerCertURI: foobar # [10]
disableHTTP2: true # [11]
spiffe: # [12]
ids: # [13]
- spiffe://trust-domain/id1
- spiffe://trust-domain/id2
trustDomain: "spiffe://trust-domain" # [14]
```
| Ref | Attribute | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| [1] | serverName |
ServerName used to contact the server. |
| [2] | insecureSkipVerify |
Controls whether the server's certificate chain and host name is verified. |
| [3] | rootCAsSecrets |
Defines the set of root certificate authorities to use when verifying server certificates. The secret must contain a certificate under either a tls.ca or a ca.crt key. |
| [4] | certificatesSecrets |
Certificates to present to the server for mTLS. |
| [5] | maxIdleConnsPerHost |
Controls the maximum idle (keep-alive) connections to keep per-host. If zero, defaultMaxIdleConnsPerHost is used. |
| [6] | forwardingTimeouts |
Timeouts for requests forwarded to the servers. |
| [7] | dialTimeout |
The amount of time to wait until a connection to a server can be established. If zero, no timeout exists. |
| [8] | responseHeaderTimeout |
The amount of time to wait for a server's response headers after fully writing the request (including its body, if any). If zero, no timeout exists. |
| [9] | idleConnTimeout |
The maximum amount of time an idle (keep-alive) connection will remain idle before closing itself. If zero, no timeout exists. |
| [10] | peerCertURI |
URI used to match against SAN URIs during the server's certificate verification. |
| [11] | disableHTTP2 |
Disables HTTP/2 for connections with servers. |
| [12] | spiffe |
The spiffe configuration. |
| [13] | ids |
Defines the allowed SPIFFE IDs (takes precedence over the SPIFFE TrustDomain). |
| [14] | trustDomain |
Defines the allowed SPIFFE trust domain. |
!!! info "CA Secret"
The CA secret must contain a base64 encoded certificate under either a `tls.ca` or a `ca.crt` key.
??? example "Declaring and referencing a ServersTransport"
```yaml tab="ServersTransport"
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: ServersTransport
metadata:
name: mytransport
namespace: default
spec:
serverName: example.org
insecureSkipVerify: true
```
```yaml tab="IngressRoute"
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: testroute
namespace: default
spec:
entryPoints:
- web
routes:
- match: Host(`example.com`)
kind: Rule
services:
- name: whoami
port: 80
serversTransport: mytransport
```
ServersTransport reference
By default, the referenced ServersTransport CRD must be defined in the same Kubernetes service namespace.
To reference a ServersTransport CRD from another namespace,
the value must be of form namespace-name@kubernetescrd,
and the allowCrossNamespace option must be enabled.
If the ServersTransport CRD is defined in another provider the cross-provider format name@provider should be used.
Kind: ServersTransportTCP
ServersTransportTCP is the CRD implementation of a ServersTransportTCP.
!!! important "Default serversTransportTCP"
If no serversTransportTCP is specified, the default@internal will be used.
The default@internal serversTransportTCP is created from the static configuration.
!!! info "ServersTransportTCP Attributes"
```yaml tab="ServersTransportTCP"
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: ServersTransportTCP
metadata:
name: mytransport
namespace: default
spec:
dialTimeout: 42s # [1]
dialKeepAlive: 42s # [2]
terminationDelay: 42s # [3]
tls: # [4]
serverName: foobar # [5]
insecureSkipVerify: true # [6]
peerCertURI: foobar # [7]
rootCAsSecrets: # [8]
- foobar
- foobar
certificatesSecrets: # [9]
- foobar
- foobar
spiffe: # [10]
ids: # [11]
- spiffe://trust-domain/id1
- spiffe://trust-domain/id2
trustDomain: "spiffe://trust-domain" # [12]
```
| Ref | Attribute | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| [1] | dialTimeout |
The amount of time to wait until a connection to a server can be established. If zero, no timeout exists. |
| [2] | dialKeepAlive |
The interval between keep-alive probes for an active network connection. If zero, keep-alive probes are sent with a default value (currently 15 seconds), if supported by the protocol and operating system. Network protocols or operating systems that do not support keep-alives ignore this field. If negative, keep-alive probes are disabled. |
| [3] | terminationDelay |
Defines the delay to wait before fully terminating the connection, after one connected peer has closed its writing capability. |
| [4] | tls |
The TLS configuration. |
| [5] | serverName |
ServerName used to contact the server. |
| [6] | insecureSkipVerify |
Controls whether the server's certificate chain and host name is verified. |
| [7] | peerCertURI |
URI used to match against SAN URIs during the server's certificate verification. |
| [8] | rootCAsSecrets |
Defines the set of root certificate authorities to use when verifying server certificates. The secret must contain a certificate under either a tls.ca or a ca.crt key. |
| [9] | certificatesSecrets |
Certificates to present to the server for mTLS. |
| [10] | spiffe |
The SPIFFE configuration. |
| [11] | ids |
Defines the allowed SPIFFE IDs (takes precedence over the SPIFFE TrustDomain). |
| [12] | trustDomain |
Defines the allowed SPIFFE trust domain. |
!!! info "CA Secret"
The CA secret must contain a base64 encoded certificate under either a `tls.ca` or a `ca.crt` key.
??? example "Declaring and referencing a ServersTransportTCP"
```yaml tab="ServersTransportTCP"
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: ServersTransportTCP
metadata:
name: mytransport
namespace: default
spec:
tls:
serverName: example.org
insecureSkipVerify: true
```
```yaml tab="IngressRouteTCP"
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRouteTCP
metadata:
name: testroute
namespace: default
spec:
entryPoints:
- tcpep
routes:
- match: HostSNI(`bar`)
services:
- name: whoamitcp
port: 8080
serversTransport: mytransport
```
ServersTransportTCP reference
By default, the referenced ServersTransportTCP CRD must be defined in the same Kubernetes service namespace.
To reference a ServersTransportTCP CRD from another namespace,
the value must be of form namespace-name@kubernetescrd,
and the allowCrossNamespace option must be enabled.
If the ServersTransportTCP CRD is defined in another provider the cross-provider format name@provider should be used.
Further
Also see the full example with Let's Encrypt.
{!traefik-for-business-applications.md!}