traefik/docs/content/routing/services/index.md

Services

Configuring How to Reach the Services {: .subtitle }

The Services are responsible for configuring how to reach the actual services that will eventually handle the incoming requests.

Configuration Example

??? example "Declaring an HTTP Service with Two Servers -- Using the File Provider"

```toml
[http.services]
  [http.services.my-service.LoadBalancer]
     
     [[http.services.my-service.LoadBalancer.servers]]
        url = "http://private-ip-server-1/"
     [[http.services.my-service.LoadBalancer.servers]]
        url = "http://private-ip-server-2/"
```

??? example "Declaring a TCP Service with Two Servers -- Using the File Provider"

```toml
[tcp.services]
  [tcp.services.my-service.LoadBalancer]         
     [[tcp.services.my-service.LoadBalancer.servers]]
        address = "xx.xx.xx.xx:xx"
     [[tcp.services.my-service.LoadBalancer.servers]]
        address = "xx.xx.xx.xx:xx"
```

Configuring HTTP Services

General

Currently, LoadBalancer is the only supported kind of HTTP Service (see below). However, since Traefik is an ever evolving project, other kind of HTTP Services will be available in the future, reason why you have to specify it.

Load Balancer

The load balancers are able to load balance the requests between multiple instances of your programs.

??? example "Declaring a Service with Two Servers (with Load Balancing) -- Using the File Provider"

```toml
[http.services]
  [http.services.my-service.LoadBalancer]
     
     [[http.services.my-service.LoadBalancer.servers]]
        url = "http://private-ip-server-1/"
     [[http.services.my-service.LoadBalancer.servers]]
        url = "http://private-ip-server-2/"
```

Servers

Servers declare a single instance of your program. The url option point to a specific instance.

!!! note Paths in the servers' url have no effet. If you want the requests to be sent to a specific path on your servers, configure your routers to use a corresponding middleware (e.g. the AddPrefix or ReplacePath) middlewares.

??? example "A Service with One Server -- Using the File Provider"

```toml
[http.services]
  [http.services.my-service.LoadBalancer]
     [[http.services.my-service.LoadBalancer.servers]]
        url = "http://private-ip-server-1/"
```

Load-balancing

For now, only round robin load balancing is supported:

??? example "Load Balancing -- Using the File Provider"

```toml
[http.services]
  [http.services.my-service.LoadBalancer]
     [[http.services.my-service.LoadBalancer.servers]]
        url = "http://private-ip-server-1/"
     [[http.services.my-service.LoadBalancer.servers]]
        url = "http://private-ip-server-1/"
```

Sticky sessions

When sticky sessions are enabled, a cookie is set on the initial request to track which server handles the first response. On subsequent requests, the client is forwarded to the same server.

!!! note "Stickiness & Unhealthy Servers"

If the server specified in the cookie becomes unhealthy, the request will be forwarded to a new server (and the cookie will keep track of the new server).

!!! note "Cookie Name"

The default cookie name is an abbreviation of a sha1 (ex: `_1d52e`).

!!! note "Secure & HTTPOnly flags"

By default, the affinity cookie is created without those flags. One however can change that through configuration. 

??? example "Adding Stickiness"

```toml
[http.services]
  [http.services.my-service]
    [http.services.my-service.LoadBalancer.stickiness]
      secureCookie = true
      httpOnlyCookie = true
```

??? example "Adding Stickiness with a Custom Cookie Name"

```toml
[http.services]
  [http.services.my-service]
    [http.services.my-service.LoadBalancer.stickiness]
       cookieName = "my_stickiness_cookie_name"
       secureCookie = true
       httpOnlyCookie = true
```

Health Check

Configure healthcheck to remove unhealthy servers from the load balancing rotation. Traefik will consider your servers healthy as long as they return status codes between 2XX and 3XX to the health check requests (carried out every interval).

Below are the available options for the health check mechanism:

• path is appended to the server URL to set the healcheck endpoint.
• scheme, if defined, will replace the server URL scheme for the healthcheck endpoint
• hostname, if defined, will replace the server URL hostname for the healthcheck endpoint.
• port, if defined, will replace the server URL port for the healthcheck endpoint.
• interval defines the frequency of the healthcheck calls.
• timeout defines the maximum duration Traefik will wait for a healthcheck request before considering the server failed (unhealthy).
• headers defines custom headers to be sent to the healthcheck endpoint.

!!! note "Interval & Timeout Format"

Interval and timeout are to be given in a format understood by [time.ParseDuration](https://golang.org/pkg/time/#ParseDuration).
The interval must be greater than the timeout. If configuration doesn't reflect this, the interval will be set to timeout + 1 second.

!!! note "Recovering Servers"

Traefik keeps monitoring the health of unhealthy servers. 
If a server has recovered (returning `2xx` -> `3xx` responses again), it will be added back to the load balacer rotation pool.

??? example "Custom Interval & Timeout -- Using the File Provider"

```toml
[http.services]
  [http.servicess.Service-1]
    [http.services.Service-1.healthcheck]
        path = "/health"
        interval = "10s"
        timeout = "3s"
```

??? example "Custom Port -- Using the File Provider"

```toml
[http.services]
  [http.services.Service-1]
    [http.services.Service-1.healthcheck]
        path = "/health"
        port = 8080
```

??? example "Custom Scheme -- Using the File Provider"

```toml
[http.services]
  [http.services.Service-1]
    [http.services.Service-1.healthcheck]
        path = "/health"
        scheme = "http"
```

??? example "Additional HTTP Headers -- Using the File Provider"

```toml
[http.services]
    [http.services.Service-1]
        [http.servicess.Service-1.healthcheck]
            path = "/health"

            [Service.Service-1.healthcheck.headers]
                My-Custom-Header = "foo"
                My-Header = "bar"
```

Configuring TCP Services

General

Currently, LoadBalancer is the only supported kind of TCP Service. However, since Traefik is an ever evolving project, other kind of TCP Services will be available in the future, reason why you have to specify it.

Load Balancer

The load balancers are able to load balance the requests between multiple instances of your programs.

??? example "Declaring a Service with Two Servers -- Using the File Provider"

```toml
[tcp.services]
  [tcp.services.my-service.LoadBalancer]
     [[tcp.services.my-service.LoadBalancer.servers]]
        address = "xx.xx.xx.xx:xx"
     [[tcp.services.my-service.LoadBalancer.servers]]
        address = "xx.xx.xx.xx:xx"
```

Servers

Servers declare a single instance of your program. The address option (IP:Port) point to a specific instance.

??? example "A Service with One Server -- Using the File Provider"

```toml
[tcp.services]
  [tcp.services.my-service.LoadBalancer]
     [[tcp.services.my-service.LoadBalancer.servers]]
        address = "xx.xx.xx.xx:xx"
```