18 KiB
Routers
Connecting Requests to Services {: .subtitle }
A router is in charge of connecting incoming requests to the services that can handle them. In the process, routers may use pieces of middleware to update the request, or act before forwarding the request to the service.
Configuration Example
??? example "Requests /foo are Handled by service-foo -- Using the File Provider"
```toml tab="TOML"
[http.routers]
[http.routers.my-router]
rule = "Path(`/foo`)"
service = "service-foo"
```
```yaml tab="YAML"
http:
routers:
my-router:
rule: "Path(`/foo`)"
service: service-foo
```
??? example "With a middleware -- using the File Provider"
```toml tab="TOML"
[http.routers]
[http.routers.my-router]
rule = "Path(`/foo`)"
# declared elsewhere
middlewares = ["authentication"]
service = "service-foo"
```
```yaml tab="YAML"
http:
routers:
my-router:
rule: "Path(`/foo`)"
# declared elsewhere
middlewares:
- authentication
service: service-foo
```
??? example "Forwarding all (non-tls) requests on port 3306 to a database service"
```toml tab="TOML"
## Static configuration ##
[entryPoints]
[entryPoints.web]
address = ":80"
[entryPoints.mysql-default]
address = ":3306"
## Dynamic configuration ##
[tcp]
[tcp.routers]
[tcp.routers.to-database]
entryPoints = ["mysql-default"]
# Catch every request (only available rule for non-tls routers. See below.)
rule = "HostSNI(`*`)"
service = "database"
```
```yaml tab="YAML"
## Static configuration ##
entryPoints:
web:
address: ":80"
mysql-default:
address: ":3306"
## Dynamic configuration ##
tcp:
routers:
to-database:
entryPoints:
- "mysql-default"
# Catch every request (only available rule for non-tls routers. See below.)
rule: "HostSNI(`*`)"
service: database
```
Configuring HTTP Routers
EntryPoints
If not specified, HTTP routers will accept requests from all defined entry points.
If you want to limit the router scope to a set of entry points, set the entryPoints option.
??? example "Listens to Every EntryPoint"
```toml tab="TOML"
## Static configuration ##
[entryPoints]
[entryPoints.web]
# ...
[entryPoints.web-secure]
# ...
[entryPoints.other]
# ...
## Dynamic configuration ##
[http.routers]
[http.routers.Router-1]
# By default, routers listen to every entry points
rule = "Host(`traefik.io`)"
service = "service-1"
```
```yaml tab="YAML"
## Static configuration ##
entryPoints:
web:
# ...
web-secure:
# ...
other:
# ...
## Dynamic configuration ##
http:
routers:
Router-1:
# By default, routers listen to every entry points
rule: "Host(`traefik.io`)"
service: "service-1"
```
??? example "Listens to Specific EntryPoints"
```toml tab="TOML"
## Static configuration ##
[entryPoints]
[entryPoints.web]
# ...
[entryPoints.web-secure]
# ...
[entryPoints.other]
# ...
## Dynamic configuration ##
[http.routers]
[http.routers.Router-1]
# won't listen to entry point web
entryPoints = ["web-secure", "other"]
rule = "Host(`traefik.io`)"
service = "service-1"
```
```yaml tab="YAML"
## Static configuration ##
entryPoints:
web:
# ...
web-secure:
# ...
other:
# ...
## Dynamic configuration ##
http:
routers:
Router-1:
# won't listen to entry point web
entryPoints:
- "web-secure"
- "other"
rule: "Host(`traefik.io`)"
service: "service-1"
```
Rule
Rules are a set of matchers that determine if a particular request matches specific criteria. If the rule is verified, the router becomes active, calls middlewares, and then forwards the request to the service.
??? example "Host is traefik.io"
```toml
rule = "Host(`traefik.io`)"
```
??? example "Host is traefik.io OR Host is containo.us AND path is /traefik"
```toml
rule = "Host(`traefik.io`) || (Host(`containo.us`) && Path(`/traefik`))"
```
The table below lists all the available matchers:
| Rule | Description |
|---|---|
Headers(`key`, `value`) |
Check if there is a key keydefined in the headers, with the value value |
HeadersRegexp(`key`, `regexp`) |
Check if there is a key keydefined in the headers, with a value that matches the regular expression regexp |
Host(`domain-1`, ...) |
Check if the request domain targets one of the given domains. |
HostRegexp(`traefik.io`, `{subdomain:[a-z]+}.traefik.io`, ...) |
Check if the request domain matches the given regexp. |
Method(methods, ...) |
Check if the request method is one of the given methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH) |
Path(`path`, `/articles/{category}/{id:[0-9]+}`, ...) |
Match exact request path. It accepts a sequence of literal and regular expression paths. |
PathPrefix(`/products/`, `/articles/{category}/{id:[0-9]+}`) |
Match request prefix path. It accepts a sequence of literal and regular expression prefix paths. |
Query(`foo=bar`, `bar=baz`) |
Match` Query String parameters. It accepts a sequence of key=value pairs. |
!!! important "Regexp Syntax"
In order to use regular expressions with `Host` and `Path` expressions,
you must declare an arbitrarily named variable followed by the colon-separated regular expression, all enclosed in curly braces.
Any pattern supported by [Go's regexp package](https://golang.org/pkg/regexp/) may be used (example: `/posts/{id:[0-9]+}`).
!!! tip "Combining Matchers Using Operators and Parenthesis"
You can combine multiple matchers using the AND (`&&`) and OR (`||`) operators. You can also use parenthesis.
!!! important "Rule, Middleware, and Services"
The rule is evaluated "before" any middleware has the opportunity to work, and "before" the request is forwarded to the service.
!!! tip "Path Vs PathPrefix"
Use `Path` if your service listens on the exact path only. For instance, `Path: /products` would match `/products` but not `/products/shoes`.
Use a `*Prefix*` matcher if your service listens on a particular base path but also serves requests on sub-paths.
For instance, `PathPrefix: /products` would match `/products` but also `/products/shoes` and `/products/shirts`.
Since the path is forwarded as-is, your service is expected to listen on `/products`.
Middlewares
You can attach a list of middlewares to each HTTP router. The middlewares will take effect only if the rule matches, and before forwarding the request to the service.
Service
You must attach a service per router. Services are the target for the router.
!!! note "HTTP Only"
HTTP routers can only target HTTP services (not TCP services).
TLS
General
When a TLS section is specified, it instructs Traefik that the current router is dedicated to HTTPS requests only (and that the router should ignore HTTP (non TLS) requests). Traefik will terminate the SSL connections (meaning that it will send decrypted data to the services).
??? example "Configuring the router to accept HTTPS requests only"
```toml tab="TOML"
[http.routers]
[http.routers.Router-1]
rule = "Host(`foo-domain`) && Path(`/foo-path/`)"
service = "service-id"
# will terminate the TLS request
[http.routers.Router-1.tls]
```
```yaml tab="YAML"
http:
routers:
Router-1:
rule: "Host(`foo-domain`) && Path(`/foo-path/`)"
service: service-id
# will terminate the TLS request
tls: {}
```
!!! note "HTTPS & ACME"
In the current version, with [ACME](../../https/acme.md) enabled, automatic certificate generation will apply to every router declaring a TLS section.
!!! note "Passthrough"
On TCP routers, you can configure a passthrough option so that Traefik doesn't terminate the TLS connection.
!!! important "Routers for HTTP & HTTPS"
If you need to define the same route for both HTTP and HTTPS requests, you will need to define two different routers: one with the tls section, one without.
??? example "HTTP & HTTPS routes"
```toml tab="TOML"
[http.routers]
[http.routers.my-https-router]
rule = "Host(`foo-domain`) && Path(`/foo-path/`)"
service = "service-id"
# will terminate the TLS request
[http.routers.my-https-router.tls]
[http.routers.my-http-router]
rule = "Host(`foo-domain`) && Path(`/foo-path/`)"
service = "service-id"
```
```yaml tab="YAML"
http:
routers:
my-https-router:
rule: "Host(`foo-domain`) && Path(`/foo-path/`)"
service: service-id
# will terminate the TLS request
tls: {}
my-http-router:
rule: "Host(`foo-domain`) && Path(`/foo-path/`)"
service: service-id
```
Options
The Options field enables fine-grained control of the TLS parameters.
It refers to a TLS Options and will be applied only if a Host rule is defined.
??? example "Configuring the TLS options"
```toml tab="TOML"
[http.routers]
[http.routers.Router-1]
rule = "Host(`foo-domain`) && Path(`/foo-path/`)"
service = "service-id"
# will terminate the TLS request
[http.routers.Router-1.tls]
options = "foo"
[tls.options]
[tls.options.foo]
minVersion = "VersionTLS12"
cipherSuites = [
"TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256",
"TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384"
]
```
```yaml tab="YAML"
http:
routers:
Router-1:
rule: "Host(`foo-domain`) && Path(`/foo-path/`)"
service: service-id
# will terminate the TLS request
tls:
options: foo
tls:
options:
foo:
minVersion: VersionTLS12
cipherSuites:
- TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
- TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
```
Configuring TCP Routers
General
If both HTTP routers and TCP routers listen to the same entry points, the TCP routers will apply before the HTTP routers. If no matching route is found for the TCP routers, then the HTTP routers will take over.
EntryPoints
If not specified, TCP routers will accept requests from all defined entry points. If you want to limit the router scope to a set of entry points, set the entry points option.
??? example "Listens to Every Entry Point"
```toml tab="TOML"
## Static configuration ##
[entryPoints]
[entryPoints.web]
# ...
[entryPoints.web-secure]
# ...
[entryPoints.other]
# ...
## Dynamic configuration ##
[tcp.routers]
[tcp.routers.Router-1]
# By default, routers listen to every entrypoints
rule = "HostSNI(`traefik.io`)"
service = "service-1"
# will route TLS requests (and ignore non tls requests)
[tcp.routers.Router-1.tls]
```
```yaml tab="YAML"
## Static configuration ##
entryPoints:
web:
# ...
web-secure:
# ...
other:
# ...
## Dynamic configuration ##
tcp:
routers:
Router-1:
# By default, routers listen to every entrypoints
rule: "HostSNI(`traefik.io`)"
service: "service-1"
# will route TLS requests (and ignore non tls requests)
tls: {}
```
??? example "Listens to Specific Entry Points"
```toml tab="TOML"
## Static configuration ##
[entryPoints]
[entryPoints.web]
# ...
[entryPoints.web-secure]
# ...
[entryPoints.other]
# ...
## Dynamic configuration ##
[tcp.routers]
[tcp.routers.Router-1]
# won't listen to entry point web
entryPoints = ["web-secure", "other"]
rule = "HostSNI(`traefik.io`)"
service = "service-1"
# will route TLS requests (and ignore non tls requests)
[tcp.routers.Router-1.tls]
```
```yaml tab="YAML"
## Static configuration ##
entryPoints:
web:
# ...
web-secure:
# ...
other:
# ...
## Dynamic configuration ##
tcp:
routers:
Router-1:
# won't listen to entry point web
entryPoints:
- "web-secure"
- "other"
rule: "HostSNI(`traefik.io`)"
service: "service-1"
# will route TLS requests (and ignore non tls requests)
tls: {}
```
Rule
| Rule | Description |
|---|---|
HostSNI(`domain-1`, ...) |
Check if the Server Name Indication corresponds to the given domains. |
!!! important "HostSNI & TLS"
It is important to note that the Server Name Indication is an extension of the TLS protocol.
Hence, only TLS routers will be able to specify a domain name with that rule.
However, non-TLS routers will have to explicitly use that rule with `*` (every domain) to state that every non-TLS request will be handled by the router.
Services
You must attach a TCP service per TCP router. Services are the target for the router.
!!! note "TCP Only"
TCP routers can only target TCP services (not HTTP services).
TLS
General
When a TLS section is specified, it instructs Traefik that the current router is dedicated to TLS requests only (and that the router should ignore non-TLS requests). By default, Traefik will terminate the SSL connections (meaning that it will send decrypted data to the services), but Traefik can be configured in order to let the requests pass through (keeping the data encrypted), and be forwarded to the service "as is".
??? example "Configuring TLS Termination"
```toml tab="TOML"
[tcp.routers]
[tcp.routers.Router-1]
rule = "HostSNI(`foo-domain`)"
service = "service-id"
# will terminate the TLS request by default
[tcp.routers.Router-1.tls]
```
```yaml tab="YAML"
tcp:
routers:
Router-1:
rule: "HostSNI(`foo-domain`)"
service: service-id
# will terminate the TLS request by default
tld: {}
```
??? example "Configuring passthrough"
```toml tab="TOML"
[tcp.routers]
[tcp.routers.Router-1]
rule = "HostSNI(`foo-domain`)"
service = "service-id"
[tcp.routers.Router-1.tls]
passthrough = true
```
```yaml tab="YAML"
tcp:
routers:
Router-1:
rule: "HostSNI(`foo-domain`)"
service: service-id
tls:
passthrough: true
```
!!! note "TLS & ACME"
In the current version, with [ACME](../../https/acme.md) enabled, automatic certificate generation will apply to every router declaring a TLS section.
Options
The Options field enables fine-grained control of the TLS parameters.
It refers to a TLS Options and will be applied only if a HostSNI rule is defined.
??? example "Configuring the tls options"
```toml tab="TOML"
[tcp.routers]
[tcp.routers.Router-1]
rule = "HostSNI(`foo-domain`)"
service = "service-id"
# will terminate the TLS request
[tcp.routers.Router-1.tls]
options = "foo"
[tls.options]
[tls.options.foo]
minVersion = "VersionTLS12"
cipherSuites = [
"TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256",
"TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384"
]
```
```yaml tab="YAML"
tcp:
routers:
Router-1:
rule: "HostSNI(`foo-domain`)"
service: service-id
# will terminate the TLS request
tls:
options: foo
tls:
options:
foo:
minVersion: VersionTLS12
cipherSuites:
- "TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256"
- "TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384"
```