356 lines
23 KiB
Markdown
356 lines
23 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "Traefik Kubernetes Gateway"
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description: "The Kubernetes Gateway API can be used as a provider for routing and load balancing in Traefik Proxy. View examples in the technical documentation."
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---
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# Traefik & Kubernetes
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The Kubernetes Gateway API, The Experimental Way. {: .subtitle }
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## Configuration Examples
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??? example "Configuring Kubernetes Gateway provider and Deploying/Exposing Services"
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```yaml tab="Gateway API"
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--8<-- "content/reference/dynamic-configuration/kubernetes-gateway-simple-https.yml"
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```
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```yaml tab="Whoami Service"
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--8<-- "content/reference/dynamic-configuration/kubernetes-whoami-svc.yml"
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```
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```yaml tab="Traefik Service"
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--8<-- "content/reference/dynamic-configuration/kubernetes-gateway-traefik-lb-svc.yml"
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```
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```yaml tab="RBAC"
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--8<-- "content/reference/dynamic-configuration/kubernetes-gateway-rbac.yml"
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```
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## Routing Configuration
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### Custom Resource Definition (CRD)
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* You can find an exhaustive list, of the custom resources and their attributes in
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[the reference page](../../reference/dynamic-configuration/kubernetes-gateway.md) or in the Kubernetes
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Sigs `Gateway API` [repository](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/gateway-api).
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* Validate that [the prerequisites](../../providers/kubernetes-gateway.md#configuration-requirements) are fulfilled
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before using the Traefik Kubernetes Gateway Provider.
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You can find an excerpt of the supported Kubernetes Gateway API resources in the table below:
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| Kind | Purpose | Concept Behind |
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|------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| [GatewayClass](#kind-gatewayclass) | Defines a set of Gateways that share a common configuration and behaviour | [GatewayClass](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/v1alpha2/api-types/gatewayclass) |
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| [Gateway](#kind-gateway) | Describes how traffic can be translated to Services within the cluster | [Gateway](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/v1alpha2/api-types/gateway) |
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| [HTTPRoute](#kind-httproute) | HTTP rules for mapping requests from a Gateway to Kubernetes Services | [Route](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/v1alpha2/api-types/httproute) |
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| [TCPRoute](#kind-tcproute) | Allows mapping TCP requests from a Gateway to Kubernetes Services | [Route](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/v1alpha2/guides/tcp/) |
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| [TLSRoute](#kind-tlsroute) | Allows mapping TLS requests from a Gateway to Kubernetes Services | [Route](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/v1alpha2/guides/tls/) |
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### Kind: `GatewayClass`
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`GatewayClass` is cluster-scoped resource defined by the infrastructure provider. This resource represents a class of
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Gateways that can be instantiated. More details on the
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GatewayClass [official documentation](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/v1alpha2/api-types/gatewayclass/).
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The `GatewayClass` should be declared by the infrastructure provider, otherwise please register the `GatewayClass`
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[definition](../../reference/dynamic-configuration/kubernetes-gateway.md#definitions) in the Kubernetes cluster before
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creating `GatewayClass` objects.
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!!! info "Declaring GatewayClass"
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```yaml
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apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1alpha2
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kind: GatewayClass
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metadata:
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name: my-gateway-class
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spec:
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# Controller is a domain/path string that indicates
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# the controller that is managing Gateways of this class.
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controllerName: traefik.io/gateway-controller
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```
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### Kind: `Gateway`
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A `Gateway` is 1:1 with the life cycle of the configuration of infrastructure. When a user creates a Gateway, some load
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balancing infrastructure is provisioned or configured by the GatewayClass controller. More details on the
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Gateway [official documentation](https://gateway-api.sigs.k8s.io/v1alpha2/api-types/gateway/).
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Register the `Gateway` [definition](../../reference/dynamic-configuration/kubernetes-gateway.md#definitions) in the
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Kubernetes cluster before creating `Gateway` objects.
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Depending on the Listener Protocol, different modes and Route types are supported.
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| Listener Protocol | TLS Mode | Route Type Supported |
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|-------------------|----------------|--------------------------------------------------------|
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| TCP | Not applicable | [TCPRoute](#kind-tcproute) |
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| TLS | Passthrough | [TLSRoute](#kind-tlsroute), [TCPRoute](#kind-tcproute) |
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| TLS | Terminate | [TLSRoute](#kind-tlsroute), [TCPRoute](#kind-tcproute) |
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| HTTP | Not applicable | [HTTPRoute](#kind-httproute) |
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| HTTPS | Terminate | [HTTPRoute](#kind-httproute) |
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!!! info "Declaring Gateway"
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```yaml tab="HTTP Listener"
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apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1alpha2
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kind: Gateway
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metadata:
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name: my-http-gateway
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namespace: default
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spec:
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gatewayClassName: my-gateway-class # [1]
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listeners: # [2]
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- name: http # [3]
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protocol: HTTP # [4]
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port: 80 # [5]
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allowedRoutes: # [9]
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kinds:
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- kind: HTTPRoute # [10]
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namespaces:
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from: Selector # [11]
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selector: # [12]
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matchLabels:
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app: foo
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```
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```yaml tab="HTTPS Listener"
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apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1alpha2
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kind: Gateway
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metadata:
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name: my-https-gateway
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namespace: default
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spec:
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gatewayClassName: my-gateway-class # [1]
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listeners: # [2]
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- name: https # [3]
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protocol: HTTPS # [4]
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port: 443 # [5]
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tls: # [7]
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certificateRefs: # [8]
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- kind: "Secret"
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name: "mysecret"
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allowedRoutes: # [9]
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kinds:
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- kind: HTTPSRoute # [10]
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namespaces:
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from: Selector # [11]
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selector: # [12]
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matchLabels:
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app: foo
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```
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```yaml tab="TCP Listener"
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apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1alpha2
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kind: Gateway
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metadata:
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name: my-tcp-gateway
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namespace: default
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spec:
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gatewayClassName: my-gateway-class # [1]
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listeners: # [2]
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- name: tcp # [3]
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protocol: TCP # [4]
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port: 8000 # [5]
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allowedRoutes: # [9]
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kinds:
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- kind: TCPRoute # [10]
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namespaces:
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from: Selector # [11]
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selector: # [12]
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matchLabels:
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app: footcp
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```
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```yaml tab="TLS Listener"
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apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1alpha2
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kind: Gateway
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metadata:
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name: my-tls-gateway
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namespace: default
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spec:
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gatewayClassName: my-gateway-class # [1]
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listeners: # [2]
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- name: tls # [3]
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protocol: TLS # [4]
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port: 443 # [5]
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hostname: foo.com # [6]
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tls: # [7]
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certificateRefs: # [8]
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- kind: "Secret"
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name: "mysecret"
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allowedRoutes: # [9]
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kinds:
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- kind: TLSRoute # [10]
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namespaces:
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from: Selector # [11]
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selector: # [12]
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matchLabels:
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app: footcp
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```
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| Ref | Attribute | Description |
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|------|--------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| [1] | `gatewayClassName` | GatewayClassName used for this Gateway. This is the name of a GatewayClass resource. |
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| [2] | `listeners` | Logical endpoints that are bound on this Gateway's addresses. At least one Listener MUST be specified. |
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| [3] | `name` | Name of the Listener. |
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| [4] | `protocol` | The network protocol this listener expects to receive (only HTTP and HTTPS are implemented). |
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| [5] | `port` | The network port. |
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| [6] | `hostname` | Hostname specifies the virtual hostname to match for protocol types that define this concept. When unspecified, “”, or *, all hostnames are matched. |
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| [7] | `tls` | TLS configuration for the Listener. This field is required if the Protocol field is "HTTPS" or "TLS" and ignored otherwise. |
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| [8] | `certificateRefs` | The references to Kubernetes objects that contains TLS certificates and private keys (only one reference to a Kubernetes Secret is supported). |
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| [9] | `allowedRoutes` | Defines the types of routes that MAY be attached to a Listener and the trusted namespaces where those Route resources MAY be present. |
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| [10] | `kind` | The kind of the Route. |
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| [11] | `from` | From indicates in which namespaces the Routes will be selected for this Gateway. Possible values are `All`, `Same` and `Selector` (Defaults to `Same`). |
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| [12] | `selector` | Selector must be specified when From is set to `Selector`. In that case, only Routes in Namespaces matching this Selector will be selected by this Gateway. |
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### Kind: `HTTPRoute`
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`HTTPRoute` defines HTTP rules for mapping requests from a `Gateway` to Kubernetes Services.
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Register the `HTTPRoute` [definition](../../reference/dynamic-configuration/kubernetes-gateway.md#definitions) in the
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Kubernetes cluster before creating `HTTPRoute` objects.
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!!! info "Declaring HTTPRoute"
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```yaml
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apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1alpha2
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kind: HTTPRoute
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metadata:
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name: http-app
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namespace: default
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spec:
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parentRefs: # [1]
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- name: my-tcp-gateway # [2]
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namespace: default # [3]
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sectionName: tcp # [4]
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hostnames: # [5]
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- whoami
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rules: # [6]
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- matches: # [7]
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- path: # [8]
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type: Exact # [9]
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value: /bar # [10]
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- headers: # [11]
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name: foo # [12]
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value: bar # [13]
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- backendRefs: # [14]
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- name: whoamitcp # [15]
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weight: 1 # [16]
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port: 8080 # [17]
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- name: api@internal
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group: traefik.io # [18]
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kind: TraefikService # [19]
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```
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| Ref | Attribute | Description |
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|------|---------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| [1] | `parentRefs` | References the resources (usually Gateways) that a Route wants to be attached to. |
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| [2] | `name` | Name of the referent. |
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| [3] | `namespace` | Namespace of the referent. When unspecified (or empty string), this refers to the local namespace of the Route. |
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| [4] | `sectionName` | Name of a section within the target resource (the Listener name). |
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| [5] | `hostnames` | A set of hostname that should match against the HTTP Host header to select a HTTPRoute to process the request. |
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| [6] | `rules` | A list of HTTP matchers, filters and actions. |
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| [7] | `matches` | Conditions used for matching the rule against incoming HTTP requests. Each match is independent, i.e. this rule will be matched if **any** one of the matches is satisfied. |
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| [8] | `path` | An HTTP request path matcher. If this field is not specified, a default prefix match on the "/" path is provided. |
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| [9] | `type` | Type of match against the path Value (supported types: `Exact`, `Prefix`). |
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| [10] | `value` | The value of the HTTP path to match against. |
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| [11] | `headers` | Conditions to select a HTTP route by matching HTTP request headers. |
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| [12] | `type` | Type of match for the HTTP request header match against the `values` (supported types: `Exact`). |
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| [13] | `value` | A map of HTTP Headers to be matched. It MUST contain at least one entry. |
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| [14] | `backendRefs` | Defines the backend(s) where matching requests should be sent. |
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| [15] | `name` | The name of the referent service. |
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| [16] | `weight` | The proportion of traffic forwarded to a targetRef, computed as weight/(sum of all weights in targetRefs). |
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| [17] | `port` | The port of the referent service. |
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| [18] | `group` | Group is the group of the referent. Only `traefik.io`, `traefik.containo.us` and `gateway.networking.k8s.io` values are supported. |
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| [19] | `kind` | Kind is kind of the referent. Only `TraefikService` and `Service` values are supported. |
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### Kind: `TCPRoute`
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`TCPRoute` allows mapping TCP requests from a `Gateway` to Kubernetes Services.
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Register the `TCPRoute` [definition](../../reference/dynamic-configuration/kubernetes-gateway.md#definitions) in the
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Kubernetes cluster before creating `TCPRoute` objects.
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!!! info "Declaring TCPRoute"
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```yaml
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apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1alpha2
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kind: TCPRoute
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metadata:
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name: tcp-app
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namespace: default
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spec:
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parentRefs: # [1]
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- name: my-tcp-gateway # [2]
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namespace: default # [3]
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sectionName: tcp # [4]
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rules: # [5]
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- backendRefs: # [6]
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- name: whoamitcp # [7]
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weight: 1 # [8]
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port: 8080 # [9]
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- name: api@internal
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group: traefik.containo.us # [10]
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kind: TraefikService # [11]
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```
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| Ref | Attribute | Description |
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|------|---------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| [1] | `parentRefs` | References the resources (usually Gateways) that a Route wants to be attached to. |
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| [2] | `name` | Name of the referent. |
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| [3] | `namespace` | Namespace of the referent. When unspecified (or empty string), this refers to the local namespace of the Route. |
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| [4] | `sectionName` | Name of a section within the target resource (the Listener name). |
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| [5] | `rules` | Rules are a list of TCP matchers and actions. |
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| [6] | `backendRefs` | Defines the backend(s) where matching requests should be sent. |
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| [7] | `name` | The name of the referent service. |
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| [8] | `weight` | The proportion of traffic forwarded to a targetRef, computed as weight/(sum of all weights in targetRefs). |
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| [9] | `port` | The port of the referent service. |
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| [10] | `group` | Group is the group of the referent. Only `traefik.io`, `traefik.containo.us` and `gateway.networking.k8s.io` values are supported. |
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| [11] | `kind` | Kind is kind of the referent. Only `TraefikService` and `Service` values are supported. |
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### Kind: `TLSRoute`
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`TLSRoute` allows mapping TLS requests from a `Gateway` to Kubernetes Services.
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Register the `TLSRoute` [definition](../../reference/dynamic-configuration/kubernetes-gateway.md#definitions) in the
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Kubernetes cluster before creating `TLSRoute` objects.
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!!! info "Declaring TLSRoute"
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```yaml
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apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1alpha2
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kind: TLSRoute
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metadata:
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name: tls-app
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namespace: default
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spec:
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parentRefs: # [1]
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- name: my-tls-gateway # [2]
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namespace: default # [3]
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sectionName: tcp # [4]
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hostnames: # [5]
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- whoami
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rules: # [6]
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- backendRefs: # [7]
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- name: whoamitcp # [8]
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weight: 1 # [9]
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port: 8080 # [10]
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- name: api@internal
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group: traefik.containo.us # [11]
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kind: TraefikService # [12]
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```
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| Ref | Attribute | Description |
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|------|---------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| [1] | `parentRefs` | References the resources (usually Gateways) that a Route wants to be attached to. |
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| [2] | `name` | Name of the referent. |
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| [3] | `namespace` | Namespace of the referent. When unspecified (or empty string), this refers to the local namespace of the Route. |
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| [4] | `sectionName` | Name of a section within the target resource (the Listener name). |
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| [5] | `hostnames` | Defines a set of SNI names that should match against the SNI attribute of TLS ClientHello message in TLS handshake. |
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| [6] | `rules` | Rules are a list of TCP matchers and actions. |
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| [7] | `backendRefs` | Defines the backend(s) where matching requests should be sent. |
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| [8] | `name` | The name of the referent service. |
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| [9] | `weight` | The proportion of traffic forwarded to a targetRef, computed as weight/(sum of all weights in targetRefs). |
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| [10] | `port` | The port of the referent service. |
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| [11] | `group` | Group is the group of the referent. Only `traefik.io`, `traefik.containo.us` and `gateway.networking.k8s.io` values are supported. |
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| [12] | `kind` | Kind is kind of the referent. Only `TraefikService` and `Service` values are supported. |
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