traefik/docs/content/routing/providers/kubernetes-ingress.md
2023-03-21 16:45:33 +01:00

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Markdown

---
title: "Kubernetes Ingress Routing Configuration"
description: "Understand the routing configuration for the Kubernetes Ingress Controller and Traefik Proxy. Read the technical documentation."
---
# Traefik & Kubernetes
The Kubernetes Ingress Controller.
{: .subtitle }
## Routing Configuration
The provider then watches for incoming ingresses events, such as the example below,
and derives the corresponding dynamic configuration from it,
which in turn will create the resulting routers, services, handlers, etc.
## Configuration Example
??? example "Configuring Kubernetes Ingress Controller"
```yaml tab="RBAC"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: traefik-ingress-controller
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- services
- endpoints
- secrets
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- extensions
- networking.k8s.io
resources:
- ingresses
- ingressclasses
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- extensions
- networking.k8s.io
resources:
- ingresses/status
verbs:
- update
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: traefik-ingress-controller
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: traefik-ingress-controller
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: traefik-ingress-controller
namespace: default
```
```yaml tab="Ingress"
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: myingress
annotations:
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.entrypoints: web
spec:
rules:
- host: example.com
http:
paths:
- path: /bar
pathType: Exact
backend:
service:
name: whoami
port:
number: 80
- path: /foo
pathType: Exact
backend:
service:
name: whoami
port:
number: 80
```
```yaml tab="Ingress v1beta1 (deprecated)"
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: myingress
annotations:
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.entrypoints: web
spec:
rules:
- host: example.com
http:
paths:
- path: /bar
backend:
serviceName: whoami
servicePort: 80
- path: /foo
backend:
serviceName: whoami
servicePort: 80
```
```yaml tab="Traefik"
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: traefik-ingress-controller
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: traefik
labels:
app: traefik
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: traefik
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: traefik
spec:
serviceAccountName: traefik-ingress-controller
containers:
- name: traefik
image: traefik:v3.0
args:
- --entrypoints.web.address=:80
- --providers.kubernetesingress
ports:
- name: web
containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: traefik
spec:
type: LoadBalancer
selector:
app: traefik
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
name: web
targetPort: 80
```
```yaml tab="Whoami"
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: whoami
labels:
app: traefiklabs
name: whoami
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
matchLabels:
app: traefiklabs
task: whoami
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: traefiklabs
task: whoami
spec:
containers:
- name: whoami
image: traefik/whoami
ports:
- containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: whoami
spec:
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
selector:
app: traefiklabs
task: whoami
```
## Annotations
!!! warning "Referencing resources in annotations"
In an annotation, when referencing a resource defined by another provider,
the [provider namespace syntax](../../providers/overview.md#provider-namespace) must be used.
#### On Ingress
??? info "`traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.entrypoints`"
See [entry points](../routers/index.md#entrypoints) for more information.
```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.entrypoints: ep1,ep2
```
??? info "`traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.middlewares`"
See [middlewares](../routers/index.md#middlewares) and [middlewares overview](../../middlewares/overview.md) for more information.
```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.middlewares: auth@file,default-prefix@kubernetescrd
```
??? info "`traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.priority`"
See [priority](../routers/index.md#priority) for more information.
```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.priority: "42"
```
??? info "`traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.pathmatcher`"
Overrides the default router rule type used for a path.
Only path-related matcher name can be specified: `Path`, `PathPrefix`.
Default `PathPrefix`
```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.pathmatcher: Path
```
??? info "`traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.tls`"
See [tls](../routers/index.md#tls) for more information.
```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.tls: "true"
```
??? info "`traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.tls.certresolver`"
See [certResolver](../routers/index.md#certresolver) for more information.
```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.tls.certresolver: myresolver
```
??? info "`traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.tls.domains.n.main`"
See [domains](../routers/index.md#domains) for more information.
```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.tls.domains.0.main: example.org
```
??? info "`traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.tls.domains.n.sans`"
See [domains](../routers/index.md#domains) for more information.
```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.tls.domains.0.sans: test.example.org,dev.example.org
```
??? info "`traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.tls.options`"
See [options](../routers/index.md#options) for more information.
```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.tls.options: foobar@file
```
#### On Service
??? info "`traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.nativelb`"
Controls, when creating the load-balancer, whether the LB's children are directly the pods IPs or if the only child is the Kubernetes Service clusterIP.
The Kubernetes Service itself does load-balance to the pods.
Please note that, by default, Traefik reuses the established connections to the backends for performance purposes. This can prevent the requests load balancing between the replicas from behaving as one would expect when the option is set.
By default, NativeLB is false.
```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.nativelb: "true"
```
??? info "`traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.serversscheme`"
Overrides the default scheme.
```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.serversscheme: h2c
```
??? info "`traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.serverstransport`"
See [ServersTransport](../services/index.md#serverstransport) for more information.
```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.serverstransport: foobar@file
```
??? info "`traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.passhostheader`"
See [pass Host header](../services/index.md#pass-host-header) for more information.
```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.passhostheader: "true"
```
??? info "`traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.sticky.cookie`"
See [sticky sessions](../services/index.md#sticky-sessions) for more information.
```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.sticky.cookie: "true"
```
??? info "`traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.sticky.cookie.name`"
See [sticky sessions](../services/index.md#sticky-sessions) for more information.
```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.sticky.cookie.name: foobar
```
??? info "`traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.sticky.cookie.secure`"
See [sticky sessions](../services/index.md#sticky-sessions) for more information.
```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.sticky.cookie.secure: "true"
```
??? info "`traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.sticky.cookie.samesite`"
See [sticky sessions](../services/index.md#sticky-sessions) for more information.
```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.sticky.cookie.samesite: "none"
```
??? info "`traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.sticky.cookie.httponly`"
See [sticky sessions](../services/index.md#sticky-sessions) for more information.
```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.sticky.cookie.httponly: "true"
```
## Path Types on Kubernetes 1.18+
If the Kubernetes cluster version is 1.18+,
the new `pathType` property can be leveraged to define the rules matchers:
- `Exact`: This path type forces the rule matcher to `Path`
- `Prefix`: This path type forces the rule matcher to `PathPrefix`
Please see [this documentation](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/#path-types) for more information.
!!! warning "Multiple Matches"
In the case of multiple matches, Traefik will not ensure the priority of a Path matcher over a PathPrefix matcher,
as stated in [this documentation](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/#multiple-matches).
## TLS
### Enabling TLS via HTTP Options on Entrypoint
TLS can be enabled through the [HTTP options](../entrypoints.md#tls) of an Entrypoint:
```bash tab="CLI"
# Static configuration
--entrypoints.websecure.address=:443
--entrypoints.websecure.http.tls
```
```yaml tab="File (YAML)"
# Static configuration
entryPoints:
websecure:
address: ':443'
http:
tls: {}
```
```toml tab="File (TOML)"
# Static configuration
[entryPoints.websecure]
address = ":443"
[entryPoints.websecure.http.tls]
```
This way, any Ingress attached to this Entrypoint will have TLS termination by default.
??? example "Configuring Kubernetes Ingress Controller with TLS on Entrypoint"
```yaml tab="RBAC"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: traefik-ingress-controller
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- services
- endpoints
- secrets
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- extensions
- networking.k8s.io
resources:
- ingresses
- ingressclasses
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- extensions
- networking.k8s.io
resources:
- ingresses/status
verbs:
- update
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: traefik-ingress-controller
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: traefik-ingress-controller
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: traefik-ingress-controller
namespace: default
```
```yaml tab="Ingress"
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: myingress
annotations:
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.entrypoints: websecure
spec:
rules:
- host: example.com
http:
paths:
- path: /bar
pathType: Exact
backend:
service:
name: whoami
port:
number: 80
- path: /foo
pathType: Exact
backend:
service:
name: whoami
port:
number: 80
```
```yaml tab="Ingress v1beta1 (deprecated)"
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: myingress
annotations:
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.entrypoints: websecure
spec:
rules:
- host: example.com
http:
paths:
- path: /bar
backend:
serviceName: whoami
servicePort: 80
- path: /foo
backend:
serviceName: whoami
servicePort: 80
```
```yaml tab="Traefik"
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: traefik-ingress-controller
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: traefik
labels:
app: traefik
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: traefik
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: traefik
spec:
serviceAccountName: traefik-ingress-controller
containers:
- name: traefik
image: traefik:v3.0
args:
- --entrypoints.websecure.address=:443
- --entrypoints.websecure.http.tls
- --providers.kubernetesingress
ports:
- name: websecure
containerPort: 443
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: traefik
spec:
type: LoadBalancer
selector:
app: traefik
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 443
name: websecure
targetPort: 443
```
```yaml tab="Whoami"
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: whoami
labels:
app: traefiklabs
name: whoami
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
matchLabels:
app: traefiklabs
task: whoami
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: traefiklabs
task: whoami
spec:
containers:
- name: whoami
image: traefik/whoami
ports:
- containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: whoami
spec:
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
selector:
app: traefiklabs
task: whoami
```
### Enabling TLS via Annotations
To enable TLS on the underlying router created from an Ingress, one should configure it through annotations:
```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.tls: "true"
```
For more options, please refer to the available [annotations](#on-ingress).
??? example "Configuring Kubernetes Ingress Controller with TLS"
```yaml tab="RBAC"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: traefik-ingress-controller
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- services
- endpoints
- secrets
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- extensions
- networking.k8s.io
resources:
- ingresses
- ingressclasses
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- extensions
- networking.k8s.io
resources:
- ingresses/status
verbs:
- update
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: traefik-ingress-controller
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: traefik-ingress-controller
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: traefik-ingress-controller
namespace: default
```
```yaml tab="Ingress"
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: myingress
annotations:
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.entrypoints: websecure
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.tls: true
spec:
rules:
- host: example.com
http:
paths:
- path: /bar
pathType: Exact
backend:
service:
name: whoami
port:
number: 80
- path: /foo
pathType: Exact
backend:
service:
name: whoami
port:
number: 80
```
```yaml tab="Ingress v1beta1 (deprecated)"
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: myingress
annotations:
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.entrypoints: websecure
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.tls: true
spec:
rules:
- host: example.com
http:
paths:
- path: /bar
backend:
serviceName: whoami
servicePort: 80
- path: /foo
backend:
serviceName: whoami
servicePort: 80
```
```yaml tab="Traefik"
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: traefik-ingress-controller
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: traefik
labels:
app: traefik
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: traefik
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: traefik
spec:
serviceAccountName: traefik-ingress-controller
containers:
- name: traefik
image: traefik:v3.0
args:
- --entrypoints.websecure.address=:443
- --providers.kubernetesingress
ports:
- name: websecure
containerPort: 443
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: traefik
spec:
type: LoadBalancer
selector:
app: traefik
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 443
name: websecure
targetPort: 443
```
```yaml tab="Whoami"
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: whoami
labels:
app: traefiklabs
name: whoami
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
matchLabels:
app: traefiklabs
task: whoami
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: traefiklabs
task: whoami
spec:
containers:
- name: whoami
image: traefik/whoami
ports:
- containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: whoami
spec:
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
selector:
app: traefiklabs
task: whoami
```
### Certificates Management
??? example "Using a secret"
```yaml tab="Ingress"
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: foo
namespace: production
spec:
rules:
- host: example.net
http:
paths:
- path: /bar
pathType: Exact
backend:
service:
name: service1
port:
number: 80
# Only selects which certificate(s) should be loaded from the secret, in order to terminate TLS.
# Doesn't enable TLS for that ingress (hence for the underlying router).
# Please see the TLS annotations on ingress made for that purpose.
tls:
- secretName: supersecret
```
```yaml tab="Ingress v1beta1 (deprecated)"
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: foo
namespace: production
spec:
rules:
- host: example.net
http:
paths:
- path: /bar
backend:
serviceName: service1
servicePort: 80
# Only selects which certificate(s) should be loaded from the secret, in order to terminate TLS.
# Doesn't enable TLS for that ingress (hence for the underlying router).
# Please see the TLS annotations on ingress made for that purpose.
tls:
- secretName: supersecret
```
```yaml tab="Secret"
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: supersecret
data:
tls.crt: LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBDRVJUSUZJQ0FURS0tLS0tCi0tLS0tRU5EIENFUlRJRklDQVRFLS0tLS0=
tls.key: LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBQUklWQVRFIEtFWS0tLS0tCi0tLS0tRU5EIFBSSVZBVEUgS0VZLS0tLS0=
```
TLS certificates can be managed in Secrets objects.
!!! info
Only TLS certificates provided by users can be stored in Kubernetes Secrets.
[Let's Encrypt](../../https/acme.md) certificates cannot be managed in Kubernetes Secrets yet.
### Communication Between Traefik and Pods
!!! info "Routing directly to [Kubernetes services](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/ "Link to Kubernetes service docs")"
To route directly to the Kubernetes service,
one can use the `traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.nativelb` annotation on the Kubernetes service.
It controls, when creating the load-balancer,
whether the LB's children are directly the pods IPs or if the only child is the Kubernetes Service clusterIP.
One alternative is to use an `ExternalName` service to forward requests to the Kubernetes service through DNS.
To do so, one must [allow external name services](https://doc.traefik.io/traefik/providers/kubernetes-ingress/#allowexternalnameservices "Link to docs about allowing external name services").
Traefik automatically requests endpoint information based on the service provided in the ingress spec.
Although Traefik will connect directly to the endpoints (pods),
it still checks the service port to see if TLS communication is required.
There are 3 ways to configure Traefik to use HTTPS to communicate with pods:
1. If the service port defined in the ingress spec is `443` (note that you can still use `targetPort` to use a different port on your pod).
1. If the service port defined in the ingress spec has a name that starts with `https` (such as `https-api`, `https-web` or just `https`).
1. If the service spec includes the annotation `traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.serversscheme: https`.
If either of those configuration options exist, then the backend communication protocol is assumed to be TLS,
and will connect via TLS automatically.
!!! info
Please note that by enabling TLS communication between traefik and your pods,
you will have to have trusted certificates that have the proper trust chain and IP subject name.
If this is not an option, you may need to skip TLS certificate verification.
See the [insecureSkipVerify](../../routing/overview.md#insecureskipverify) setting for more details.
## Global Default Backend Ingresses
Ingresses can be created that look like the following:
```yaml tab="Ingress"
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: cheese
spec:
defaultBackend:
service:
name: stilton
port:
number: 80
```
```yaml tab="Ingress v1beta1 (deprecated)"
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: cheese
spec:
defaultBackend:
serviceName: stilton
serverPort: 80
```
This ingress follows the Global Default Backend property of ingresses.
This will allow users to create a "default router" that will match all unmatched requests.
!!! info
Due to Traefik's use of priorities, you may have to set this ingress priority lower than other ingresses in your environment,
to avoid this global ingress from satisfying requests that could match other ingresses.
To do this, use the `traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.priority` annotation (as seen in [Annotations on Ingress](#on-ingress)) on your ingresses accordingly.
{!traefik-for-business-applications.md!}