1238 lines
40 KiB
Markdown
1238 lines
40 KiB
Markdown
<p align="center">
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<img src="http://traefik.github.io/traefik.logo.svg" alt="Træfɪk" title="Træfɪk" />
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</p>
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# Documentation
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- [Basics](#basics)
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- [Launch configuration](#launch-configuration)
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- [Global configuration](#global-configuration)
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- [File backend](#file-backend)
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- [API backend](#api-backend)
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- [Docker backend](#docker-backend)
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- [Mesos/Marathon backend](#marathon-backend)
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- [Consul backend](#consul-backend)
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- [Consul catalog backend](#consul-catalog-backend)
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- [Etcd backend](#etcd-backend)
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- [Zookeeper backend](#zookeeper-backend)
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- [Boltdb backend](#boltdb-backend)
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- [Atomic configuration changes](#atomic-configuration-changes)
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- [Benchmarks](#benchmarks)
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## Basics
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Træfɪk is a modern HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer made to deploy microservices with ease.
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It supports several backends ([Docker :whale:](https://www.docker.com/), [Mesos/Marathon](https://mesosphere.github.io/marathon/), [Consul](https://consul.io/), [Etcd](https://coreos.com/etcd/), Rest API, file...) to manage its configuration automatically and dynamically.
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Basically, Træfɪk is a http router, which sends traffic from frontends to http backends, following rules you have configured.
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### Frontends
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Frontends can be defined using the following rules:
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- `Headers`: Headers adds a matcher for request header values. It accepts a sequence of key/value pairs to be matched. For example: `Content-Type, application/json`
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- `HeadersRegexp`: Regular expressions can be used with headers as well. It accepts a sequence of key/value pairs, where the value has regex support. For example: `Content-Type, application/(text|json)`
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- `Host`: Host adds a matcher for the URL host. It accepts a template with zero or more URL variables enclosed by `{}`. Variables can define an optional regexp pattern to be matched: `www.traefik.io`, `{subdomain:[a-z]+}.traefik.io`
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- `Methods`: Methods adds a matcher for HTTP methods. It accepts a sequence of one or more methods to be matched, e.g.: `GET`, `POST`, `PUT`
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- `Path`: Path adds a matcher for the URL path. It accepts a template with zero or more URL variables enclosed by `{}`. The template must start with a `/`. For exemple `/products/` `/articles/{category}/{id:[0-9]+}`
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- `PathStrip`: Same as `Path` but strip the given prefix from the request URL's Path.
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- `PathPrefix`: PathPrefix adds a matcher for the URL path prefix. This matches if the given template is a prefix of the full URL path.
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- `PathPrefixStrip`: Same as `PathPrefix` but strip the given prefix from the request URL's Path.
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A frontend is a set of rules that forwards the incoming http traffic to a backend.
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You can optionally enable `passHostHeader` to forward client `Host` header to the backend.
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### HTTP Backends
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A backend is responsible to load-balance the traffic coming from one or more frontends to a set of http servers.
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Various methods of load-balancing is supported:
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- `wrr`: Weighted Round Robin
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- `drr`: Dynamic Round Robin: increases weights on servers that perform better than others. It also rolls back to original weights if the servers have changed.
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A circuit breaker can also be applied to a backend, preventing high loads on failing servers.
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Initial state is Standby. CB observes the statistics and does not modify the request.
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In case if condition matches, CB enters Tripped state, where it responds with predefines code or redirects to another frontend.
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Once Tripped timer expires, CB enters Recovering state and resets all stats.
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In case if the condition does not match and recovery timer expries, CB enters Standby state.
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It can be configured using:
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- Methods: `LatencyAtQuantileMS`, `NetworkErrorRatio`, `ResponseCodeRatio`
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- Operators: `AND`, `OR`, `EQ`, `NEQ`, `LT`, `LE`, `GT`, `GE`
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For example:
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- `NetworkErrorRatio() > 0.5`: watch error ratio over 10 second sliding window for a frontend
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- `LatencyAtQuantileMS(50.0) > 50`: watch latency at quantile in milliseconds.
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- `ResponseCodeRatio(500, 600, 0, 600) > 0.5`: ratio of response codes in range [500-600) to [0-600)
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## Launch configuration
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Træfɪk can be configured using a TOML file configuration, arguments, or both.
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By default, Træfɪk will try to find a `traefik.toml` in the following places:
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- `/etc/traefik/`
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- `$HOME/.traefik/`
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- `.` the working directory
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You can override this by setting a `configFile` argument:
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```bash
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$ traefik --configFile=foo/bar/myconfigfile.toml
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```
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Træfɪk uses the following precedence order. Each item takes precedence over the item below it:
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- arguments
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- configuration file
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- default
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It means that arguments overrides configuration file.
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Each argument is described in the help section:
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```bash
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$ traefik --help
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traefik is a modern HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer made to deploy microservices with ease.
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Complete documentation is available at http://traefik.io
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Usage:
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traefik [flags]
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traefik [command]
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Available Commands:
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version Print version
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Flags:
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--accessLogsFile string Access logs file (default "log/access.log")
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--boltdb Enable Boltdb backend
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--boltdb.endpoint string Boltdb server endpoint (default "127.0.0.1:4001")
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--boltdb.filename string Override default configuration template. For advanced users :)
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--boltdb.prefix string Prefix used for KV store (default "/traefik")
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--boltdb.watch Watch provider (default true)
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-c, --configFile string Configuration file to use (TOML, JSON, YAML, HCL).
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--consul Enable Consul backend
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--consul.endpoint string Comma sepparated Consul server endpoints (default "127.0.0.1:8500")
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--consul.filename string Override default configuration template. For advanced users :)
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--consul.prefix string Prefix used for KV store (default "/traefik")
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--consul.tls Enable Consul TLS support
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--consul.tls.ca string TLS CA
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--consul.tls.cert string TLS cert
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--consul.tls.insecureSkipVerify TLS insecure skip verify
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--consul.tls.key string TLS key
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--consul.watch Watch provider (default true)
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--consulCatalog Enable Consul catalog backend
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--consulCatalog.domain string Default domain used
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--consulCatalog.endpoint string Consul server endpoint (default "127.0.0.1:8500")
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--defaultEntryPoints value Entrypoints to be used by frontends that do not specify any entrypoint (default &main.DefaultEntryPoints(nil))
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--docker Enable Docker backend
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--docker.domain string Default domain used
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--docker.endpoint string Docker server endpoint. Can be a tcp or a unix socket endpoint (default "unix:///var/run/docker.sock")
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--docker.filename string Override default configuration template. For advanced users :)
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--docker.tls Enable Docker TLS support
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--docker.tls.ca string TLS CA
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--docker.tls.cert string TLS cert
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--docker.tls.insecureSkipVerify TLS insecure skip verify
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--docker.tls.key string TLS key
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--docker.watch Watch provider (default true)
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--entryPoints value Entrypoints definition using format: --entryPoints='Name:http Address::8000 Redirect.EntryPoint:https' --entryPoints='Name:https Address::4442 TLS:tests/traefik.crt,tests/traefik.key'
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--etcd Enable Etcd backend
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--etcd.endpoint string Comma sepparated Etcd server endpoints (default "127.0.0.1:4001")
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--etcd.filename string Override default configuration template. For advanced users :)
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--etcd.prefix string Prefix used for KV store (default "/traefik")
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--etcd.tls Enable Etcd TLS support
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--etcd.tls.ca string TLS CA
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--etcd.tls.cert string TLS cert
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--etcd.tls.insecureSkipVerify TLS insecure skip verify
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--etcd.tls.key string TLS key
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--etcd.watch Watch provider (default true)
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--file Enable File backend
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--file.filename string Override default configuration template. For advanced users :)
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--file.watch Watch provider (default true)
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-g, --graceTimeOut string Timeout in seconds. Duration to give active requests a chance to finish during hot-reloads (default "10")
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-l, --logLevel string Log level (default "ERROR")
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--marathon Enable Marathon backend
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--marathon.domain string Default domain used
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--marathon.endpoint string Marathon server endpoint. You can also specify multiple endpoint for Marathon (default "http://127.0.0.1:8080")
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--marathon.exposedByDefault Expose Marathon apps by default (default true)
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--marathon.filename string Override default configuration template. For advanced users :)
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--marathon.watch Watch provider (default true)
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--maxIdleConnsPerHost int If non-zero, controls the maximum idle (keep-alive) to keep per-host. If zero, DefaultMaxIdleConnsPerHost is used
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--providersThrottleDuration duration Backends throttle duration: minimum duration between 2 events from providers before applying a new configuration. It avoids unnecessary reloads if multiples events are sent in a short amount of time. (default 2s)
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--traefikLogsFile string Traefik logs file (default "log/traefik.log")
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--web Enable Web backend
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--web.address string Web administration port (default ":8080")
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--web.cerFile string SSL certificate
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--web.keyFile string SSL certificate
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--web.readOnly Enable read only API
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--zookeeper Enable Zookeeper backend
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--zookeeper.endpoint string Comma sepparated Zookeeper server endpoints (default "127.0.0.1:2181")
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--zookeeper.filename string Override default configuration template. For advanced users :)
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--zookeeper.prefix string Prefix used for KV store (default "/traefik")
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--zookeeper.watch Watch provider (default true)
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Use "traefik [command] --help" for more information about a command.
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```
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## Global configuration
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```toml
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# traefik.toml
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################################################################
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# Global configuration
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################################################################
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# Timeout in seconds.
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# Duration to give active requests a chance to finish during hot-reloads
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#
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# Optional
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# Default: 10
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#
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# graceTimeOut = 10
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# Traefik logs file
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# If not defined, logs to stdout
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#
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# Optional
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#
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# traefikLogsFile = "log/traefik.log"
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# Access logs file
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#
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# Optional
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#
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# accessLogsFile = "log/access.log"
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# Log level
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#
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# Optional
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# Default: "ERROR"
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#
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# logLevel = "ERROR"
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# Backends throttle duration: minimum duration between 2 events from providers
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# before applying a new configuration. It avoids unnecessary reloads if multiples events
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# are sent in a short amount of time.
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#
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# Optional
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# Default: "2s"
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#
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# ProvidersThrottleDuration = "5s"
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# If non-zero, controls the maximum idle (keep-alive) to keep per-host. If zero, DefaultMaxIdleConnsPerHost is used.
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# If you encounter 'too many open files' errors, you can either change this value, or change `ulimit` value.
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#
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# Optional
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# Default: http.DefaultMaxIdleConnsPerHost
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#
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# MaxIdleConnsPerHost = 200
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# Entrypoints to be used by frontends that do not specify any entrypoint.
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# Each frontend can specify its own entrypoints.
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#
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# Optional
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# Default: ["http"]
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#
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# defaultEntryPoints = ["http", "https"]
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# Enable ACME (Let's Encrypt): automatic SSL
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#
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# Optional
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#
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# [acme]
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# Email address used for registration
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#
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# Required
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#
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# email = "test@traefik.io"
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# File used for certificates storage.
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# WARNING, if you use Traefik in Docker, don't forget to mount this file as a volume.
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#
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# Required
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#
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# storageFile = "acme.json"
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# Entrypoint to proxy acme challenge to.
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# WARNING, must point to an entrypoint on port 443
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#
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# Required
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#
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# entryPoint = "https"
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# Enable on demand certificate. This will request a certificate from Let's Encrypt during the first TLS handshake for a hostname that does not yet have a certificate.
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# WARNING, TLS handshakes will be slow when requesting a hostname certificate for the first time, this can leads to DoS attacks.
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# WARNING, Take note that Let's Encrypt have rate limiting: https://community.letsencrypt.org/t/quick-start-guide/1631
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#
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# Optional
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#
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# onDemand = true
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# CA server to use
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# Uncomment the line to run on the staging let's encrypt server
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# Leave comment to go to prod
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#
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# Optional
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#
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# caServer = "https://acme-staging.api.letsencrypt.org/directory"
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# Domains list
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# You can provide SANs (alternative domains) to each main domain
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# WARNING, Take note that Let's Encrypt have rate limiting: https://community.letsencrypt.org/t/quick-start-guide/1631
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# Each domain & SANs will lead to a certificate request.
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#
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# [[acme.domains]]
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# main = "local1.com"
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# sans = ["test1.local1.com", "test2.local1.com"]
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# [[acme.domains]]
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# main = "local2.com"
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# sans = ["test1.local2.com", "test2x.local2.com"]
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# [[acme.domains]]
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# main = "local3.com"
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# [[acme.domains]]
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# main = "local4.com"
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# Entrypoints definition
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#
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# Optional
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# Default:
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# [entryPoints]
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# [entryPoints.http]
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# address = ":80"
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#
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# To redirect an http entrypoint to an https entrypoint (with SNI support):
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# [entryPoints]
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# [entryPoints.http]
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# address = ":80"
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# [entryPoints.http.redirect]
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# entryPoint = "https"
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# [entryPoints.https]
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# address = ":443"
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# [entryPoints.https.tls]
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# [[entryPoints.https.tls.certificates]]
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# CertFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.com.cert"
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# KeyFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.com.key"
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# [[entryPoints.https.tls.certificates]]
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# CertFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.org.cert"
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# KeyFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.org.key"
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#
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# To redirect an entrypoint rewriting the URL:
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# [entryPoints]
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# [entryPoints.http]
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# address = ":80"
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# [entryPoints.http.redirect]
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# regex = "^http://localhost/(.*)"
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# replacement = "http://mydomain/$1"
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# Enable retry sending request if network error
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#
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# Optional
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#
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# [retry]
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# Number of attempts
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#
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# Optional
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# Default: (number servers in backend) -1
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#
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# attempts = 3
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# Sets the maximum request body to be stored in memory in Mo
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#
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# Optional
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# Default: 2
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#
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# maxMem = 3
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```
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### Samples
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#### HTTP only
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```
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defaultEntryPoints = ["http"]
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[entryPoints]
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[entryPoints.http]
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address = ":80"
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```
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### HTTP + HTTPS (with SNI)
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```
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defaultEntryPoints = ["http", "https"]
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[entryPoints]
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[entryPoints.http]
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address = ":80"
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[entryPoints.https]
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address = ":443"
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[entryPoints.https.tls]
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[[entryPoints.https.tls.certificates]]
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CertFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.com.cert"
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KeyFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.com.key"
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[[entryPoints.https.tls.certificates]]
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CertFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.org.cert"
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KeyFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.org.key"
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```
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### HTTP redirect on HTTPS
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```
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defaultEntryPoints = ["http", "https"]
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[entryPoints]
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[entryPoints.http]
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address = ":80"
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[entryPoints.http.redirect]
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entryPoint = "https"
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[entryPoints.https]
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address = ":443"
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[entryPoints.https.tls]
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[[entryPoints.https.tls.certificates]]
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certFile = "tests/traefik.crt"
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keyFile = "tests/traefik.key"
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```
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### Let's Encrypt support
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```
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[entryPoints]
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[entryPoints.https]
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address = ":443"
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[entryPoints.https.tls]
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# certs used as default certs
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[[entryPoints.https.tls.certificates]]
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certFile = "tests/traefik.crt"
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keyFile = "tests/traefik.key"
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[acme]
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email = "test@traefik.io"
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storageFile = "acme.json"
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onDemand = true
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caServer = "http://172.18.0.1:4000/directory"
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entryPoint = "https"
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[[acme.domains]]
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main = "local1.com"
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sans = ["test1.local1.com", "test2.local1.com"]
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[[acme.domains]]
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main = "local2.com"
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sans = ["test1.local2.com", "test2x.local2.com"]
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[[acme.domains]]
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main = "local3.com"
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[[acme.domains]]
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main = "local4.com"
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```
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### Override entrypoints in frontends
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||
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```
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[frontends]
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[frontends.frontend1]
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backend = "backend2"
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[frontends.frontend1.routes.test_1]
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rule = "Host:test.localhost"
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[frontends.frontend2]
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backend = "backend1"
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passHostHeader = true
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entrypoints = ["https"] # overrides defaultEntryPoints
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[frontends.frontend2.routes.test_1]
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rule = "Host:{subdomain:[a-z]+}.localhost"
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[frontends.frontend3]
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entrypoints = ["http", "https"] # overrides defaultEntryPoints
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backend = "backend2"
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rule = "Path:/test"
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```
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||
|
||
|
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## File backend
|
||
|
||
Like any other reverse proxy, Træfɪk can be configured with a file. You have two choices:
|
||
|
||
- simply add your configuration at the end of the global configuration file `traefik.toml` :
|
||
|
||
```toml
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# traefik.toml
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defaultEntryPoints = ["http", "https"]
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[entryPoints]
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||
[entryPoints.http]
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address = ":80"
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[entryPoints.http.redirect]
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entryPoint = "https"
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[entryPoints.https]
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address = ":443"
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[entryPoints.https.tls]
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[[entryPoints.https.tls.certificates]]
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CertFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.com.cert"
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KeyFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.com.key"
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[[entryPoints.https.tls.certificates]]
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CertFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.org.cert"
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KeyFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.org.key"
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graceTimeOut = 10
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logLevel = "DEBUG"
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[file]
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# rules
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||
[backends]
|
||
[backends.backend1]
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||
[backends.backend1.circuitbreaker]
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||
expression = "NetworkErrorRatio() > 0.5"
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[backends.backend1.servers.server1]
|
||
url = "http://172.17.0.2:80"
|
||
weight = 10
|
||
[backends.backend1.servers.server2]
|
||
url = "http://172.17.0.3:80"
|
||
weight = 1
|
||
[backends.backend2]
|
||
[backends.backend2.LoadBalancer]
|
||
method = "drr"
|
||
[backends.backend2.servers.server1]
|
||
url = "http://172.17.0.4:80"
|
||
weight = 1
|
||
[backends.backend2.servers.server2]
|
||
url = "http://172.17.0.5:80"
|
||
weight = 2
|
||
|
||
[frontends]
|
||
[frontends.frontend1]
|
||
backend = "backend2"
|
||
[frontends.frontend1.routes.test_1]
|
||
rule = "Host:test.localhost"
|
||
[frontends.frontend2]
|
||
backend = "backend1"
|
||
passHostHeader = true
|
||
entrypoints = ["https"] # overrides defaultEntryPoints
|
||
[frontends.frontend2.routes.test_1]
|
||
rule = "Host:{subdomain:[a-z]+}.localhost"
|
||
[frontends.frontend3]
|
||
entrypoints = ["http", "https"] # overrides defaultEntryPoints
|
||
backend = "backend2"
|
||
rule = "Path:/test"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- or put your rules in a separate file, for example `rules.tml`:
|
||
|
||
```toml
|
||
# traefik.toml
|
||
[entryPoints]
|
||
[entryPoints.http]
|
||
address = ":80"
|
||
[entryPoints.http.redirect]
|
||
entryPoint = "https"
|
||
[entryPoints.https]
|
||
address = ":443"
|
||
[entryPoints.https.tls]
|
||
[[entryPoints.https.tls.certificates]]
|
||
CertFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.com.cert"
|
||
KeyFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.com.key"
|
||
[[entryPoints.https.tls.certificates]]
|
||
CertFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.org.cert"
|
||
KeyFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.org.key"
|
||
graceTimeOut = 10
|
||
logLevel = "DEBUG"
|
||
|
||
[file]
|
||
filename = "rules.toml"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```toml
|
||
# rules.toml
|
||
[backends]
|
||
[backends.backend1]
|
||
[backends.backend1.circuitbreaker]
|
||
expression = "NetworkErrorRatio() > 0.5"
|
||
[backends.backend1.servers.server1]
|
||
url = "http://172.17.0.2:80"
|
||
weight = 10
|
||
[backends.backend1.servers.server2]
|
||
url = "http://172.17.0.3:80"
|
||
weight = 1
|
||
[backends.backend2]
|
||
[backends.backend2.LoadBalancer]
|
||
method = "drr"
|
||
[backends.backend2.servers.server1]
|
||
url = "http://172.17.0.4:80"
|
||
weight = 1
|
||
[backends.backend2.servers.server2]
|
||
url = "http://172.17.0.5:80"
|
||
weight = 2
|
||
|
||
[frontends]
|
||
[frontends.frontend1]
|
||
backend = "backend2"
|
||
[frontends.frontend1.routes.test_1]
|
||
rule = "Host:test.localhost"
|
||
[frontends.frontend2]
|
||
backend = "backend1"
|
||
passHostHeader = true
|
||
entrypoints = ["https"] # overrides defaultEntryPoints
|
||
[frontends.frontend2.routes.test_1]
|
||
rule = "Host:{subdomain:[a-z]+}.localhost"
|
||
[frontends.frontend3]
|
||
entrypoints = ["http", "https"] # overrides defaultEntryPoints
|
||
backend = "backend2"
|
||
rule = "Path:/test"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
If you want Træfɪk to watch file changes automatically, just add:
|
||
|
||
```toml
|
||
[file]
|
||
watch = true
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## API backend
|
||
|
||
Træfik can be configured using a restful api.
|
||
To enable it:
|
||
|
||
```toml
|
||
[web]
|
||
address = ":8080"
|
||
|
||
# SSL certificate and key used
|
||
#
|
||
# Optional
|
||
#
|
||
# CertFile = "traefik.crt"
|
||
# KeyFile = "traefik.key"
|
||
#
|
||
# Set REST API to read-only mode
|
||
#
|
||
# Optional
|
||
# ReadOnly = false
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- `/`: provides a simple HTML frontend of Træfik
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
- `/health`: `GET` json metrics
|
||
|
||
```sh
|
||
$ curl -s "http://localhost:8080/health" | jq .
|
||
{
|
||
// Træfɪk PID
|
||
"pid": 2458,
|
||
// Træfɪk server uptime (formated time)
|
||
"uptime": "39m6.885931127s",
|
||
// Træfɪk server uptime in seconds
|
||
"uptime_sec": 2346.885931127,
|
||
// current server date
|
||
"time": "2015-10-07 18:32:24.362238909 +0200 CEST",
|
||
// current server date in seconds
|
||
"unixtime": 1444235544,
|
||
// count HTTP response status code in realtime
|
||
"status_code_count": {
|
||
"502": 1
|
||
},
|
||
// count HTTP response status code since Træfɪk started
|
||
"total_status_code_count": {
|
||
"200": 7,
|
||
"404": 21,
|
||
"502": 13
|
||
},
|
||
// count HTTP response
|
||
"count": 1,
|
||
// count HTTP response
|
||
"total_count": 41,
|
||
// sum of all response time (formated time)
|
||
"total_response_time": "35.456865605s",
|
||
// sum of all response time in seconds
|
||
"total_response_time_sec": 35.456865605,
|
||
// average response time (formated time)
|
||
"average_response_time": "864.8016ms",
|
||
// average response time in seconds
|
||
"average_response_time_sec": 0.8648016000000001
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- `/api`: `GET` configuration for all providers
|
||
|
||
```sh
|
||
$ curl -s "http://localhost:8080/api" | jq .
|
||
{
|
||
"file": {
|
||
"frontends": {
|
||
"frontend2": {
|
||
"routes": {
|
||
"test_2": {
|
||
"rule": "Path:/test"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"backend": "backend1"
|
||
},
|
||
"frontend1": {
|
||
"routes": {
|
||
"test_1": {
|
||
"rule": "Host:test.localhost"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"backend": "backend2"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"backends": {
|
||
"backend2": {
|
||
"loadBalancer": {
|
||
"method": "drr"
|
||
},
|
||
"servers": {
|
||
"server2": {
|
||
"weight": 2,
|
||
"URL": "http://172.17.0.5:80"
|
||
},
|
||
"server1": {
|
||
"weight": 1,
|
||
"url": "http://172.17.0.4:80"
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"backend1": {
|
||
"loadBalancer": {
|
||
"method": "wrr"
|
||
},
|
||
"circuitBreaker": {
|
||
"expression": "NetworkErrorRatio() > 0.5"
|
||
},
|
||
"servers": {
|
||
"server2": {
|
||
"weight": 1,
|
||
"url": "http://172.17.0.3:80"
|
||
},
|
||
"server1": {
|
||
"weight": 10,
|
||
"url": "http://172.17.0.2:80"
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- `/api/providers`: `GET` providers
|
||
- `/api/providers/{provider}`: `GET` or `PUT` provider
|
||
- `/api/providers/{provider}/backends`: `GET` backends
|
||
- `/api/providers/{provider}/backends/{backend}`: `GET` a backend
|
||
- `/api/providers/{provider}/backends/{backend}/servers`: `GET` servers in a backend
|
||
- `/api/providers/{provider}/backends/{backend}/servers/{server}`: `GET` a server in a backend
|
||
- `/api/providers/{provider}/frontends`: `GET` frontends
|
||
- `/api/providers/{provider}/frontends/{frontend}`: `GET` a frontend
|
||
- `/api/providers/{provider}/frontends/{frontend}/routes`: `GET` routes in a frontend
|
||
- `/api/providers/{provider}/frontends/{frontend}/routes/{route}`: `GET` a route in a frontend
|
||
|
||
|
||
## Docker backend
|
||
|
||
Træfɪk can be configured to use Docker as a backend configuration:
|
||
|
||
```toml
|
||
################################################################
|
||
# Docker configuration backend
|
||
################################################################
|
||
|
||
# Enable Docker configuration backend
|
||
#
|
||
# Optional
|
||
#
|
||
[docker]
|
||
|
||
# Docker server endpoint. Can be a tcp or a unix socket endpoint.
|
||
#
|
||
# Required
|
||
#
|
||
endpoint = "unix:///var/run/docker.sock"
|
||
|
||
# Default domain used.
|
||
# Can be overridden by setting the "traefik.domain" label on a container.
|
||
#
|
||
# Required
|
||
#
|
||
domain = "docker.localhost"
|
||
|
||
# Enable watch docker changes
|
||
#
|
||
# Optional
|
||
#
|
||
watch = true
|
||
|
||
# Override default configuration template. For advanced users :)
|
||
#
|
||
# Optional
|
||
#
|
||
# filename = "docker.tmpl"
|
||
|
||
# Enable docker TLS connection
|
||
#
|
||
# [docker.tls]
|
||
# ca = "/etc/ssl/ca.crt"
|
||
# cert = "/etc/ssl/docker.crt"
|
||
# key = "/etc/ssl/docker.key"
|
||
# insecureskipverify = true
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Labels can be used on containers to override default behaviour:
|
||
|
||
- `traefik.backend=foo`: assign the container to `foo` backend
|
||
- `traefik.port=80`: register this port. Useful when the container exposes multiples ports.
|
||
- `traefik.protocol=https`: override the default `http` protocol
|
||
- `traefik.weight=10`: assign this weight to the container
|
||
- `traefik.enable=false`: disable this container in Træfɪk
|
||
- `traefik.frontend.rule=Host:test.traefik.io`: override the default frontend rule (Default: `Host:{containerName}.{domain}`). See [frontends](#frontends).
|
||
- `traefik.frontend.passHostHeader=true`: forward client `Host` header to the backend.
|
||
- `traefik.frontend.entryPoints=http,https`: assign this frontend to entry points `http` and `https`. Overrides `defaultEntryPoints`.
|
||
* `traefik.domain=traefik.localhost`: override the default domain
|
||
|
||
|
||
## Marathon backend
|
||
|
||
Træfɪk can be configured to use Marathon as a backend configuration:
|
||
|
||
|
||
```toml
|
||
################################################################
|
||
# Mesos/Marathon configuration backend
|
||
################################################################
|
||
|
||
# Enable Marathon configuration backend
|
||
#
|
||
# Optional
|
||
#
|
||
[marathon]
|
||
|
||
# Marathon server endpoint.
|
||
# You can also specify multiple endpoint for Marathon:
|
||
# endpoint := "http://10.241.1.71:8080,10.241.1.72:8080,10.241.1.73:8080"
|
||
#
|
||
# Required
|
||
#
|
||
endpoint = "http://127.0.0.1:8080"
|
||
|
||
# Enable watch Marathon changes
|
||
#
|
||
# Optional
|
||
#
|
||
watch = true
|
||
|
||
# Default domain used.
|
||
# Can be overridden by setting the "traefik.domain" label on an application.
|
||
#
|
||
# Required
|
||
#
|
||
domain = "marathon.localhost"
|
||
|
||
# Override default configuration template. For advanced users :)
|
||
#
|
||
# Optional
|
||
#
|
||
# filename = "marathon.tmpl"
|
||
|
||
# Expose Marathon apps by default in traefik
|
||
#
|
||
# Optional
|
||
# Default: false
|
||
#
|
||
# ExposedByDefault = true
|
||
|
||
# Enable Marathon basic authentication
|
||
#
|
||
# Optional
|
||
#
|
||
# [marathon.basic]
|
||
# httpBasicAuthUser = "foo"
|
||
# httpBasicPassword = "bar"
|
||
|
||
# TLS client configuration. https://golang.org/pkg/crypto/tls/#Config
|
||
#
|
||
# Optional
|
||
#
|
||
# [marathon.TLS]
|
||
# InsecureSkipVerify = true
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Labels can be used on containers to override default behaviour:
|
||
|
||
- `traefik.backend=foo`: assign the application to `foo` backend
|
||
- `traefik.portIndex=1`: register port by index in the application's ports array. Useful when the application exposes multiple ports.
|
||
- `traefik.port=80`: register the explicit application port value. Cannot be used alongside `traefik.portIndex`.
|
||
- `traefik.protocol=https`: override the default `http` protocol
|
||
- `traefik.weight=10`: assign this weight to the application
|
||
- `traefik.enable=false`: disable this application in Træfɪk
|
||
- `traefik.frontend.rule=Host:test.traefik.io`: override the default frontend rule (Default: `Host:{containerName}.{domain}`). See [frontends](#frontends).
|
||
- `traefik.frontend.passHostHeader=true`: forward client `Host` header to the backend.
|
||
- `traefik.frontend.entryPoints=http,https`: assign this frontend to entry points `http` and `https`. Overrides `defaultEntryPoints`.
|
||
* `traefik.domain=traefik.localhost`: override the default domain
|
||
|
||
## Consul backend
|
||
|
||
Træfɪk can be configured to use Consul as a backend configuration:
|
||
|
||
```toml
|
||
################################################################
|
||
# Consul KV configuration backend
|
||
################################################################
|
||
|
||
# Enable Consul KV configuration backend
|
||
#
|
||
# Optional
|
||
#
|
||
[consul]
|
||
|
||
# Consul server endpoint
|
||
#
|
||
# Required
|
||
#
|
||
endpoint = "127.0.0.1:8500"
|
||
|
||
# Enable watch Consul changes
|
||
#
|
||
# Optional
|
||
#
|
||
watch = true
|
||
|
||
# Prefix used for KV store.
|
||
#
|
||
# Optional
|
||
#
|
||
prefix = "traefik"
|
||
|
||
# Override default configuration template. For advanced users :)
|
||
#
|
||
# Optional
|
||
#
|
||
# filename = "consul.tmpl"
|
||
|
||
# Enable consul TLS connection
|
||
#
|
||
# Optional
|
||
#
|
||
# [consul.tls]
|
||
# ca = "/etc/ssl/ca.crt"
|
||
# cert = "/etc/ssl/consul.crt"
|
||
# key = "/etc/ssl/consul.key"
|
||
# insecureskipverify = true
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Please refer to the [Key Value storage structure](#key-value-storage-structure) section to get documentation en traefik KV structure.
|
||
|
||
## Consul catalog backend
|
||
|
||
Træfɪk can be configured to use service discovery catalog of Consul as a backend configuration:
|
||
|
||
```toml
|
||
################################################################
|
||
# Consul Catalog configuration backend
|
||
################################################################
|
||
|
||
# Enable Consul Catalog configuration backend
|
||
#
|
||
# Optional
|
||
#
|
||
[consulCatalog]
|
||
|
||
# Consul server endpoint
|
||
#
|
||
# Required
|
||
#
|
||
endpoint = "127.0.0.1:8500"
|
||
|
||
# Default domain used.
|
||
#
|
||
# Optional
|
||
#
|
||
domain = "consul.localhost"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
This backend will create routes matching on hostname based on the service name
|
||
used in consul.
|
||
|
||
|
||
## Etcd backend
|
||
|
||
Træfɪk can be configured to use Etcd as a backend configuration:
|
||
|
||
```toml
|
||
################################################################
|
||
# Etcd configuration backend
|
||
################################################################
|
||
|
||
# Enable Etcd configuration backend
|
||
#
|
||
# Optional
|
||
#
|
||
# [etcd]
|
||
|
||
# Etcd server endpoint
|
||
#
|
||
# Required
|
||
#
|
||
# endpoint = "127.0.0.1:4001"
|
||
|
||
# Enable watch Etcd changes
|
||
#
|
||
# Optional
|
||
#
|
||
# watch = true
|
||
|
||
# Prefix used for KV store.
|
||
#
|
||
# Optional
|
||
#
|
||
# prefix = "/traefik"
|
||
|
||
# Override default configuration template. For advanced users :)
|
||
#
|
||
# Optional
|
||
#
|
||
# filename = "etcd.tmpl"
|
||
|
||
# Enable etcd TLS connection
|
||
#
|
||
# Optional
|
||
#
|
||
# [etcd.tls]
|
||
# ca = "/etc/ssl/ca.crt"
|
||
# cert = "/etc/ssl/etcd.crt"
|
||
# key = "/etc/ssl/etcd.key"
|
||
# insecureskipverify = true
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Please refer to the [Key Value storage structure](#key-value-storage-structure) section to get documentation en traefik KV structure.
|
||
|
||
|
||
## Zookeeper backend
|
||
|
||
Træfɪk can be configured to use Zookeeper as a backend configuration:
|
||
|
||
```toml
|
||
################################################################
|
||
# Zookeeper configuration backend
|
||
################################################################
|
||
|
||
# Enable Zookeeperconfiguration backend
|
||
#
|
||
# Optional
|
||
#
|
||
# [zookeeper]
|
||
|
||
# Zookeeper server endpoint
|
||
#
|
||
# Required
|
||
#
|
||
# endpoint = "127.0.0.1:2181"
|
||
|
||
# Enable watch Zookeeper changes
|
||
#
|
||
# Optional
|
||
#
|
||
# watch = true
|
||
|
||
# Prefix used for KV store.
|
||
#
|
||
# Optional
|
||
#
|
||
# prefix = "/traefik"
|
||
|
||
# Override default configuration template. For advanced users :)
|
||
#
|
||
# Optional
|
||
#
|
||
# filename = "zookeeper.tmpl"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Please refer to the [Key Value storage structure](#key-value-storage-structure) section to get documentation en traefik KV structure.
|
||
|
||
## BoltDB backend
|
||
|
||
Træfɪk can be configured to use BoltDB as a backend configuration:
|
||
|
||
```toml
|
||
################################################################
|
||
# BoltDB configuration backend
|
||
################################################################
|
||
|
||
# Enable BoltDB configuration backend
|
||
#
|
||
# Optional
|
||
#
|
||
# [boltdb]
|
||
|
||
# BoltDB file
|
||
#
|
||
# Required
|
||
#
|
||
# endpoint = "/my.db"
|
||
|
||
# Enable watch BoltDB changes
|
||
#
|
||
# Optional
|
||
#
|
||
# watch = true
|
||
|
||
# Prefix used for KV store.
|
||
#
|
||
# Optional
|
||
#
|
||
# prefix = "/traefik"
|
||
|
||
# Override default configuration template. For advanced users :)
|
||
#
|
||
# Optional
|
||
#
|
||
# filename = "boltdb.tmpl"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Please refer to the [Key Value storage structure](#key-value-storage-structure) section to get documentation en traefik KV structure.
|
||
|
||
## Key-value storage structure
|
||
|
||
The Keys-Values structure should look (using `prefix = "/traefik"`):
|
||
|
||
- backend 1
|
||
|
||
| Key | Value |
|
||
|--------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------|
|
||
| `/traefik/backends/backend1/circuitbreaker/expression` | `NetworkErrorRatio() > 0.5` |
|
||
| `/traefik/backends/backend1/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.2:80` |
|
||
| `/traefik/backends/backend1/servers/server1/weight` | `10` |
|
||
| `/traefik/backends/backend1/servers/server2/url` | `http://172.17.0.3:80` |
|
||
| `/traefik/backends/backend1/servers/server2/weight` | `1` |
|
||
|
||
- backend 2
|
||
|
||
| Key | Value |
|
||
|-----------------------------------------------------|------------------------|
|
||
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/loadbalancer/method` | `drr` |
|
||
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.4:80` |
|
||
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/servers/server1/weight` | `1` |
|
||
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/servers/server2/url` | `http://172.17.0.5:80` |
|
||
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/servers/server2/weight` | `2` |
|
||
|
||
- frontend 1
|
||
|
||
| Key | Value |
|
||
|---------------------------------------------------|-----------------------|
|
||
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend1/backend` | `backend2` |
|
||
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend1/routes/test_1/rule` | `Host:test.localhost` |
|
||
|
||
- frontend 2
|
||
|
||
| Key | Value |
|
||
|----------------------------------------------------|--------------|
|
||
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend2/backend` | `backend1` |
|
||
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend2/passHostHeader` | `true` |
|
||
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend2/entrypoints` | `http,https` |
|
||
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend2/routes/test_2/rule` | `Path:/test` |
|
||
|
||
## Atomic configuration changes
|
||
|
||
The [Etcd](https://github.com/coreos/etcd/issues/860) and [Consul](https://github.com/hashicorp/consul/issues/886) backends do not support updating multiple keys atomically. As a result, it may be possible for Træfɪk to read an intermediate configuration state despite judicious use of the `--providersThrottleDuration` flag. To solve this problem, Træfɪk supports a special key called `/traefik/alias`. If set, Træfɪk use the value as an alternative key prefix.
|
||
|
||
Given the key structure below, Træfɪk will use the `http://172.17.0.2:80` as its only backend (frontend keys have been omitted for brevity).
|
||
|
||
| Key | Value |
|
||
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------|
|
||
| `/traefik/alias` | `/traefik_configurations/1` |
|
||
| `/traefik_configurations/1/backends/backend1/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.2:80` |
|
||
| `/traefik_configurations/1/backends/backend1/servers/server1/weight` | `10` |
|
||
|
||
When an atomic configuration change is required, you may write a new configuration at an alternative prefix. Here, although the `/traefik_configurations/2/...` keys have been set, the old configuration is still active because the `/traefik/alias` key still points to `/traefik_configurations/1`:
|
||
|
||
| Key | Value |
|
||
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------|
|
||
| `/traefik/alias` | `/traefik_configurations/1` |
|
||
| `/traefik_configurations/1/backends/backend1/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.2:80` |
|
||
| `/traefik_configurations/1/backends/backend1/servers/server1/weight` | `10` |
|
||
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.2:80` |
|
||
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server1/weight` | `5` |
|
||
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server2/url` | `http://172.17.0.3:80` |
|
||
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server2/weight` | `5` |
|
||
|
||
Once the `/traefik/alias` key is updated, the new `/traefik_configurations/2` configuration becomes active atomically. Here, we have a 50% balance between the `http://172.17.0.3:80` and the `http://172.17.0.4:80` hosts while no traffic is sent to the `172.17.0.2:80` host:
|
||
|
||
| Key | Value |
|
||
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------|
|
||
| `/traefik/alias` | `/traefik_configurations/2` |
|
||
| `/traefik_configurations/1/backends/backend1/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.2:80` |
|
||
| `/traefik_configurations/1/backends/backend1/servers/server1/weight` | `10` |
|
||
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.3:80` |
|
||
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server1/weight` | `5` |
|
||
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server2/url` | `http://172.17.0.4:80` |
|
||
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server2/weight` | `5` |
|
||
|
||
Note that Træfɪk *will not watch for key changes in the `/traefik_configurations` prefix*. It will only watch for changes in the `/traefik` prefix. Further, if the `/traefik/alias` key is set, all other sibling keys with the `/traefik` prefix are ignored.
|
||
|
||
|
||
## Benchmarks
|
||
|
||
Here are some early Benchmarks between Nginx, HA-Proxy and Træfɪk acting as simple load balancers between two servers.
|
||
|
||
- Nginx:
|
||
|
||
```sh
|
||
$ docker run -d -e VIRTUAL_HOST=test.nginx.localhost emilevauge/whoami
|
||
$ docker run -d -e VIRTUAL_HOST=test.nginx.localhost emilevauge/whoami
|
||
$ docker run --log-driver=none -d -p 80:80 -v /var/run/docker.sock:/tmp/docker.sock:ro jwilder/nginx-proxy
|
||
$ wrk -t12 -c400 -d60s -H "Host: test.nginx.localhost" --latency http://127.0.0.1:80
|
||
Running 1m test @ http://127.0.0.1:80
|
||
12 threads and 400 connections
|
||
Thread Stats Avg Stdev Max +/- Stdev
|
||
Latency 162.61ms 203.34ms 1.72s 91.07%
|
||
Req/Sec 277.57 107.67 790.00 67.53%
|
||
Latency Distribution
|
||
50% 128.19ms
|
||
75% 218.22ms
|
||
90% 342.12ms
|
||
99% 1.08s
|
||
197991 requests in 1.00m, 82.32MB read
|
||
Socket errors: connect 0, read 0, write 0, timeout 18
|
||
Requests/sec: 3296.04
|
||
Transfer/sec: 1.37MB
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- HA-Proxy:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ docker run -d --name web1 -e VIRTUAL_HOST=test.haproxy.localhost emilevauge/whoami
|
||
$ docker run -d --name web2 -e VIRTUAL_HOST=test.haproxy.localhost emilevauge/whoami
|
||
$ docker run -d -p 80:80 --link web1:web1 --link web2:web2 dockercloud/haproxy
|
||
$ wrk -t12 -c400 -d60s -H "Host: test.haproxy.localhost" --latency http://127.0.0.1:80
|
||
Running 1m test @ http://127.0.0.1:80
|
||
12 threads and 400 connections
|
||
Thread Stats Avg Stdev Max +/- Stdev
|
||
Latency 158.08ms 187.88ms 1.75s 89.61%
|
||
Req/Sec 281.33 120.47 0.98k 65.88%
|
||
Latency Distribution
|
||
50% 121.77ms
|
||
75% 227.10ms
|
||
90% 351.98ms
|
||
99% 1.01s
|
||
200462 requests in 1.00m, 59.65MB read
|
||
Requests/sec: 3337.66
|
||
Transfer/sec: 0.99MB
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- Træfɪk:
|
||
|
||
```sh
|
||
$ docker run -d -l traefik.backend=test1 -l traefik.frontend.rule=Host -l traefik.frontend.value=test.traefik.localhost emilevauge/whoami
|
||
$ docker run -d -l traefik.backend=test1 -l traefik.frontend.rule=Host -l traefik.frontend.value=test.traefik.localhost emilevauge/whoami
|
||
$ docker run -d -p 8080:8080 -p 80:80 -v $PWD/traefik.toml:/traefik.toml -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock containous/traefik
|
||
$ wrk -t12 -c400 -d60s -H "Host: test.traefik.localhost" --latency http://127.0.0.1:80
|
||
Running 1m test @ http://127.0.0.1:80
|
||
12 threads and 400 connections
|
||
Thread Stats Avg Stdev Max +/- Stdev
|
||
Latency 132.93ms 121.89ms 1.20s 66.62%
|
||
Req/Sec 280.95 104.88 740.00 68.26%
|
||
Latency Distribution
|
||
50% 128.71ms
|
||
75% 214.15ms
|
||
90% 281.45ms
|
||
99% 498.44ms
|
||
200734 requests in 1.00m, 80.02MB read
|
||
Requests/sec: 3340.13
|
||
Transfer/sec: 1.33MB
|
||
```
|