Ludovic Fernandez be702c2b61

2023-03-22 11:06:05 +01:00

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title	description
Kubernetes Ingress Routing Configuration	Understand the routing configuration for the Kubernetes Ingress Controller and Traefik Proxy. Read the technical documentation.

Traefik & Kubernetes

The Kubernetes Ingress Controller. {: .subtitle }

Routing Configuration

The provider then watches for incoming ingresses events, such as the example below, and derives the corresponding dynamic configuration from it, which in turn will create the resulting routers, services, handlers, etc.

Configuration Example

??? example "Configuring Kubernetes Ingress Controller"

```yaml tab="RBAC"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: traefik-ingress-controller
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - services
      - endpoints
      - secrets
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - extensions
      - networking.k8s.io
    resources:
      - ingresses
      - ingressclasses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - extensions
      - networking.k8s.io
    resources:
      - ingresses/status
    verbs:
      - update

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: traefik-ingress-controller
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: traefik-ingress-controller
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: traefik-ingress-controller
    namespace: default
```

```yaml tab="Ingress"
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: myingress
  annotations:
    traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.entrypoints: web

spec:
  rules:
    - host: example.com
      http:
        paths:
          - path: /bar
            pathType: Exact
            backend:
              service:
                name:  whoami
                port:
                  number: 80
          - path: /foo
            pathType: Exact
            backend:
              service:
                name:  whoami
                port:
                  number: 80
```

```yaml tab="Ingress v1beta1 (deprecated)"
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: myingress
  annotations:
    traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.entrypoints: web

spec:
  rules:
    - host: example.com
      http:
        paths:
          - path: /bar
            backend:
              serviceName: whoami
              servicePort: 80
          - path: /foo
            backend:
              serviceName: whoami
              servicePort: 80
```

```yaml tab="Traefik"
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: traefik-ingress-controller

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: traefik
  labels:
    app: traefik

spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: traefik
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: traefik
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: traefik-ingress-controller
      containers:
        - name: traefik
          image: traefik:v2.10
          args:
            - --entrypoints.web.address=:80
            - --providers.kubernetesingress
          ports:
            - name: web
              containerPort: 80

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: traefik
spec:
  type: LoadBalancer
  selector:
    app: traefik
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      name: web
      targetPort: 80
```

```yaml tab="Whoami"
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: whoami
  labels:
    app: traefiklabs
    name: whoami

spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: traefiklabs
      task: whoami
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: traefiklabs
        task: whoami
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: whoami
          image: traefik/whoami
          ports:
            - containerPort: 80

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: whoami

spec:
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 80
  selector:
    app: traefiklabs
    task: whoami
```

Annotations

!!! warning "Referencing resources in annotations"

In an annotation, when referencing a resource defined by another provider,
the [provider namespace syntax](../../providers/overview.md#provider-namespace) must be used.

On Ingress

??? info "traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.entrypoints"

See [entry points](../routers/index.md#entrypoints) for more information.

```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.entrypoints: ep1,ep2
```

??? info "traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.middlewares"

See [middlewares](../routers/index.md#middlewares) and [middlewares overview](../../middlewares/overview.md) for more information.

```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.middlewares: auth@file,default-prefix@kubernetescrd
```

??? info "traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.priority"

See [priority](../routers/index.md#priority) for more information.

```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.priority: "42"
```

??? info "traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.pathmatcher"

Overrides the default router rule type used for a path.
Only path-related matcher name can be specified: `Path`, `PathPrefix`.

Default `PathPrefix`

```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.pathmatcher: Path
```

??? info "traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.tls"

See [tls](../routers/index.md#tls) for more information.

```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.tls: "true"
```

??? info "traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.tls.certresolver"

See [certResolver](../routers/index.md#certresolver) for more information.

```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.tls.certresolver: myresolver
```

??? info "traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.tls.domains.n.main"

See [domains](../routers/index.md#domains) for more information.

```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.tls.domains.0.main: example.org
```

??? info "traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.tls.domains.n.sans"

See [domains](../routers/index.md#domains) for more information.

```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.tls.domains.0.sans: test.example.org,dev.example.org
```

??? info "traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.tls.options"

See [options](../routers/index.md#options) for more information.

```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.tls.options: foobar@file
```

On Service

??? info "traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.nativelb"

Controls, when creating the load-balancer, whether the LB's children are directly the pods IPs or if the only child is the Kubernetes Service clusterIP.
The Kubernetes Service itself does load-balance to the pods.
Please note that, by default, Traefik reuses the established connections to the backends for performance purposes. This can prevent the requests load balancing between the replicas from behaving as one would expect when the option is set.
By default, NativeLB is false.

```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.nativelb: "true"
```

??? info "traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.serversscheme"

Overrides the default scheme.

```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.serversscheme: h2c
```

??? info "traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.serverstransport"

See [ServersTransport](../services/index.md#serverstransport) for more information.

```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.serverstransport: foobar@file
```

??? info "traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.passhostheader"

See [pass Host header](../services/index.md#pass-host-header) for more information.

```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.passhostheader: "true"
```

??? info "traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.sticky.cookie"

See [sticky sessions](../services/index.md#sticky-sessions) for more information.

```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.sticky.cookie: "true"
```

??? info "traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.sticky.cookie.name"

See [sticky sessions](../services/index.md#sticky-sessions) for more information.

```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.sticky.cookie.name: foobar
```

??? info "traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.sticky.cookie.secure"

See [sticky sessions](../services/index.md#sticky-sessions) for more information.

```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.sticky.cookie.secure: "true"
```

??? info "traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.sticky.cookie.samesite"

See [sticky sessions](../services/index.md#sticky-sessions) for more information.

```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.sticky.cookie.samesite: "none"
```

??? info "traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.sticky.cookie.httponly"

See [sticky sessions](../services/index.md#sticky-sessions) for more information.

```yaml
traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.sticky.cookie.httponly: "true"
```

Path Types on Kubernetes 1.18+

If the Kubernetes cluster version is 1.18+, the new pathType property can be leveraged to define the rules matchers:

Exact: This path type forces the rule matcher to Path
Prefix: This path type forces the rule matcher to PathPrefix

Please see this documentation for more information.

!!! warning "Multiple Matches" In the case of multiple matches, Traefik will not ensure the priority of a Path matcher over a PathPrefix matcher, as stated in this documentation.

TLS

Enabling TLS via HTTP Options on Entrypoint

TLS can be enabled through the HTTP options of an Entrypoint:

# Static configuration
--entrypoints.websecure.address=:443
--entrypoints.websecure.http.tls

# Static configuration
entryPoints:
  websecure:
    address: ':443'
    http:
      tls: {}

# Static configuration
[entryPoints.websecure]
  address = ":443"

    [entryPoints.websecure.http.tls]

This way, any Ingress attached to this Entrypoint will have TLS termination by default.

??? example "Configuring Kubernetes Ingress Controller with TLS on Entrypoint"

```yaml tab="RBAC"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: traefik-ingress-controller
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - services
      - endpoints
      - secrets
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - extensions
      - networking.k8s.io
    resources:
      - ingresses
      - ingressclasses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - extensions
      - networking.k8s.io
    resources:
      - ingresses/status
    verbs:
      - update

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: traefik-ingress-controller
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: traefik-ingress-controller
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: traefik-ingress-controller
    namespace: default
```

```yaml tab="Ingress"
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: myingress
  annotations:
    traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.entrypoints: websecure

spec:
  rules:
    - host: example.com
      http:
        paths:
          - path: /bar
            pathType: Exact
            backend:
              service:
                name:  whoami
                port:
                  number: 80
          - path: /foo
            pathType: Exact
            backend:
              service:
                name:  whoami
                port:
                  number: 80
```

```yaml tab="Ingress v1beta1 (deprecated)"
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: myingress
  annotations:
    traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.entrypoints: websecure

spec:
  rules:
    - host: example.com
      http:
        paths:
          - path: /bar
            backend:
              serviceName: whoami
              servicePort: 80
          - path: /foo
            backend:
              serviceName: whoami
              servicePort: 80
```

```yaml tab="Traefik"
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: traefik-ingress-controller

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: traefik
  labels:
    app: traefik

spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: traefik
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: traefik
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: traefik-ingress-controller
      containers:
        - name: traefik
          image: traefik:v2.10
          args:
            - --entrypoints.websecure.address=:443
            - --entrypoints.websecure.http.tls
            - --providers.kubernetesingress
          ports:
            - name: websecure
              containerPort: 443

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: traefik
spec:
  type: LoadBalancer
  selector:
    app: traefik
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 443
      name: websecure
      targetPort: 443
```

```yaml tab="Whoami"
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: whoami
  labels:
    app: traefiklabs
    name: whoami

spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: traefiklabs
      task: whoami
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: traefiklabs
        task: whoami
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: whoami
          image: traefik/whoami
          ports:
            - containerPort: 80

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: whoami

spec:
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 80
  selector:
    app: traefiklabs
    task: whoami
```

Enabling TLS via Annotations

To enable TLS on the underlying router created from an Ingress, one should configure it through annotations:

traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.tls: "true"

For more options, please refer to the available annotations.

??? example "Configuring Kubernetes Ingress Controller with TLS"

```yaml tab="RBAC"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: traefik-ingress-controller
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - services
      - endpoints
      - secrets
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - extensions
      - networking.k8s.io
    resources:
      - ingresses
      - ingressclasses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - extensions
      - networking.k8s.io
    resources:
      - ingresses/status
    verbs:
      - update

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: traefik-ingress-controller
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: traefik-ingress-controller
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: traefik-ingress-controller
    namespace: default
```

```yaml tab="Ingress"
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: myingress
  annotations:
    traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.entrypoints: websecure
    traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.tls: true

spec:
  rules:
    - host: example.com
      http:
        paths:
          - path: /bar
            pathType: Exact
            backend:
              service:
                name:  whoami
                port:
                  number: 80
          - path: /foo
            pathType: Exact
            backend:
              service:
                name:  whoami
                port:
                  number: 80
```

```yaml tab="Ingress v1beta1 (deprecated)"
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: myingress
  annotations:
    traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.entrypoints: websecure
    traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.tls: true

spec:
  rules:
    - host: example.com
      http:
        paths:
          - path: /bar
            backend:
              serviceName: whoami
              servicePort: 80
          - path: /foo
            backend:
              serviceName: whoami
              servicePort: 80
```

```yaml tab="Traefik"
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: traefik-ingress-controller

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: traefik
  labels:
    app: traefik

spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: traefik
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: traefik
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: traefik-ingress-controller
      containers:
        - name: traefik
          image: traefik:v2.10
          args:
            - --entrypoints.websecure.address=:443
            - --providers.kubernetesingress
          ports:
            - name: websecure
              containerPort: 443

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: traefik
spec:
  type: LoadBalancer
  selector:
    app: traefik
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 443
      name: websecure
      targetPort: 443
```

```yaml tab="Whoami"
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: whoami
  labels:
    app: traefiklabs
    name: whoami

spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: traefiklabs
      task: whoami
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: traefiklabs
        task: whoami
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: whoami
          image: traefik/whoami
          ports:
            - containerPort: 80

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: whoami

spec:
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 80
  selector:
    app: traefiklabs
    task: whoami
```

Certificates Management

??? example "Using a secret"

```yaml tab="Ingress"
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: foo
  namespace: production

spec:
  rules:
  - host: example.net
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /bar
        pathType: Exact
        backend:
          service:
            name:  service1
            port:
              number: 80
  # Only selects which certificate(s) should be loaded from the secret, in order to terminate TLS.
  # Doesn't enable TLS for that ingress (hence for the underlying router).
  # Please see the TLS annotations on ingress made for that purpose.
  tls:
  - secretName: supersecret
```

```yaml tab="Ingress v1beta1 (deprecated)"
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: foo
  namespace: production

spec:
  rules:
  - host: example.net
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /bar
        backend:
          serviceName: service1
          servicePort: 80
  # Only selects which certificate(s) should be loaded from the secret, in order to terminate TLS.
  # Doesn't enable TLS for that ingress (hence for the underlying router).
  # Please see the TLS annotations on ingress made for that purpose.
  tls:
  - secretName: supersecret
```

```yaml tab="Secret"
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: supersecret

data:
  tls.crt: LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBDRVJUSUZJQ0FURS0tLS0tCi0tLS0tRU5EIENFUlRJRklDQVRFLS0tLS0=
  tls.key: LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBQUklWQVRFIEtFWS0tLS0tCi0tLS0tRU5EIFBSSVZBVEUgS0VZLS0tLS0=
```

TLS certificates can be managed in Secrets objects.

!!! info

Only TLS certificates provided by users can be stored in Kubernetes Secrets.
[Let's Encrypt](../../https/acme.md) certificates cannot be managed in Kubernetes Secrets yet.

Communication Between Traefik and Pods

!!! info "Routing directly to Kubernetes services"

To route directly to the Kubernetes service,
one can use the `traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.nativelb` annotation on the Kubernetes service.
It controls, when creating the load-balancer,
whether the LB's children are directly the pods IPs or if the only child is the Kubernetes Service clusterIP.

One alternative is to use an `ExternalName` service to forward requests to the Kubernetes service through DNS.
To do so, one must [allow external name services](https://doc.traefik.io/traefik/providers/kubernetes-ingress/#allowexternalnameservices "Link to docs about allowing external name services").

Traefik automatically requests endpoint information based on the service provided in the ingress spec. Although Traefik will connect directly to the endpoints (pods), it still checks the service port to see if TLS communication is required.

There are 3 ways to configure Traefik to use HTTPS to communicate with pods:

If the service port defined in the ingress spec is 443 (note that you can still use targetPort to use a different port on your pod).
If the service port defined in the ingress spec has a name that starts with https (such as https-api, https-web or just https).
If the service spec includes the annotation traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.serversscheme: https.

If either of those configuration options exist, then the backend communication protocol is assumed to be TLS, and will connect via TLS automatically.

!!! info

Please note that by enabling TLS communication between traefik and your pods,
you will have to have trusted certificates that have the proper trust chain and IP subject name.
If this is not an option, you may need to skip TLS certificate verification.
See the [insecureSkipVerify](../../routing/overview.md#insecureskipverify) setting for more details.

Global Default Backend Ingresses

Ingresses can be created that look like the following:

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
 name: cheese

spec:
  defaultBackend:
    service:
      name: stilton
      port:
        number: 80

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
 name: cheese

spec:
  defaultBackend:
    serviceName: stilton
    serverPort: 80

This ingress follows the Global Default Backend property of ingresses. This will allow users to create a "default router" that will match all unmatched requests.

!!! info

Due to Traefik's use of priorities, you may have to set this ingress priority lower than other ingresses in your environment,
to avoid this global ingress from satisfying requests that could match other ingresses.

To do this, use the `traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.priority` annotation (as seen in [Annotations on Ingress](#on-ingress)) on your ingresses accordingly.

{!traefik-for-business-applications.md!}

24 KiB Raw Blame History

Traefik & Kubernetes

Routing Configuration

Configuration Example

Annotations

On Ingress

On Service

Path Types on Kubernetes 1.18+

TLS

Enabling TLS via HTTP Options on Entrypoint

Enabling TLS via Annotations

Certificates Management

Communication Between Traefik and Pods

Global Default Backend Ingresses

24 KiB

Raw Blame History