237 lines
7.9 KiB
Markdown
237 lines
7.9 KiB
Markdown
# Overview
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What's Happening to the Requests?
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{: .subtitle }
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Let's zoom in on Traefik's architecture and talk about the components that enable the routes to be created.
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First, when you start Traefik, you define [entrypoints](../entrypoints) (in their most basic forms, they are port numbers).
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Then, connected to these entrypoints, [routers](../routers) analyze the incoming requests to see if they match a set of [rules](../routers#rule).
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If they do, the router might transform the request using pieces of [middleware](../middlewares/overview.md) before forwarding them to your [services](./services/index.md).
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## Clear Responsibilities
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- [_Providers_](../providers/overview.md) discover the services that live on your infrastructure (their IP, health, ...)
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- [_Entrypoints_](./entrypoints.md) listen for incoming traffic (ports, ...)
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- [_Routers_](./routers/index.md) analyse the requests (host, path, headers, SSL, ...)
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- [_Services_](./services/index.md) forward the request to your services (load balancing, ...)
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- [_Middlewares_](../middlewares/overview.md) may update the request or make decisions based on the request (authentication, rate limiting, headers, ...)
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## Example with a File Provider
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Below is an example of a full configuration file for the [file provider](../providers/file.md) that forwards `http://domain/whoami/` requests to a service reachable on `http://private/whoami-service/`.
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In the process, Traefik will make sure that the user is authenticated (using the [BasicAuth middleware](../middlewares/basicauth.md)).
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Static configuration:
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```toml tab="File (TOML)"
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[entryPoints]
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[entryPoints.web]
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# Listen on port 8081 for incoming requests
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address = ":8081"
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[providers]
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# Enable the file provider to define routers / middlewares / services in a file
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[providers.file]
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filename = "dynamic_conf.toml"
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```
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```yaml tab="File (YAML)"
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entryPoints:
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web:
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# Listen on port 8081 for incoming requests
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address: :8081
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providers:
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# Enable the file provider to define routers / middlewares / services in a file
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file:
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filename: dynamic_conf.yml
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```
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```bash tab="CLI"
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# Listen on port 8081 for incoming requests
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--entryPoints.web.address=:8081
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# Enable the file provider to define routers / middlewares / services in a file
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--providers.file.filename=dynamic_conf.toml
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```
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Dynamic configuration:
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```toml tab="TOML"
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# http routing section
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[http]
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[http.routers]
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# Define a connection between requests and services
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[http.routers.to-whoami]
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rule = "Host(`domain`) && PathPrefix(`/whoami/`)"
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# If the rule matches, applies the middleware
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middlewares = ["test-user"]
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# If the rule matches, forward to the whoami service (declared below)
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service = "whoami"
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[http.middlewares]
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# Define an authentication mechanism
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[http.middlewares.test-user.basicAuth]
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users = ["test:$apr1$H6uskkkW$IgXLP6ewTrSuBkTrqE8wj/"]
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[http.services]
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# Define how to reach an existing service on our infrastructure
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[http.services.whoami.loadBalancer]
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[[http.services.whoami.loadBalancer.servers]]
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url = "http://private/whoami-service"
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```
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```yaml tab="YAML"
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# http routing section
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http:
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routers:
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# Define a connection between requests and services
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to-whoami:
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rule: "Host(`domain`) && PathPrefix(`/whoami/`)"
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# If the rule matches, applies the middleware
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middlewares:
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- test-user
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# If the rule matches, forward to the whoami service (declared below)
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service: whoami
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middlewares:
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# Define an authentication mechanism
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test-user:
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basicAuth:
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users:
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- test:$apr1$H6uskkkW$IgXLP6ewTrSuBkTrqE8wj/
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services:
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# Define how to reach an existing service on our infrastructure
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whoami:
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loadBalancer:
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servers:
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- url: http://private/whoami-service
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```
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!!! note "The File Provider"
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In this example, we use the [file provider](../providers/file.md).
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Even if it is one of the least magical way of configuring Traefik, it explicitly describes every available notion.
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!!! note "HTTP / TCP"
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In this example, we've defined routing rules for http requests only.
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Traefik also supports TCP requests. To add [TCP routers](./routers/index.md) and [TCP services](./services/index.md), declare them in a TCP section like in the following.
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??? example "Adding a TCP route for TLS requests on whoami.traefik.io"
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Static configuration:
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```toml tab="File (TOML)"
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[entryPoints]
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[entryPoints.web]
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# Listen on port 8081 for incoming requests
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address = ":8081"
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[providers]
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# Enable the file provider to define routers / middlewares / services in a file
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[providers.file]
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filename = "dynamic_conf.toml"
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```
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```yaml tab="File (YAML)"
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entryPoints:
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web:
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# Listen on port 8081 for incoming requests
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address: :8081
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providers:
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# Enable the file provider to define routers / middlewares / services in a file
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file:
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filename: dynamic_conf.yml
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```
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```bash tab="CLI"
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# Listen on port 8081 for incoming requests
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--entryPoints.web.address=":8081"
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# Enable the file provider to define routers / middlewares / services in a file
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--providers.file.filename=dynamic_conf.toml
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```
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Dynamic configuration:
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```toml tab="TOML"
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# http routing section
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[http]
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[http.routers]
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# Define a connection between requests and services
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[http.routers.to-whoami]
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rule = "Host(`domain`) && PathPrefix(`/whoami/`)"
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# If the rule matches, applies the middleware
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middlewares = ["test-user"]
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# If the rule matches, forward to the whoami service (declared below)
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service = "whoami"
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[http.middlewares]
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# Define an authentication mechanism
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[http.middlewares.test-user.basicAuth]
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users = ["test:$apr1$H6uskkkW$IgXLP6ewTrSuBkTrqE8wj/"]
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[http.services]
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# Define how to reach an existing service on our infrastructure
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[http.services.whoami.loadBalancer]
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[[http.services.whoami.loadBalancer.servers]]
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url = "http://private/whoami-service"
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[tcp]
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[tcp.routers]
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[tcp.routers.to-whoami-tcp]
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rule = "HostSNI(`whoami-tcp.traefik.io`)"
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service = "whoami-tcp"
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[tcp.routers.to-whoami-tcp.tls]
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[tcp.services]
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[tcp.services.whoami-tcp.loadBalancer]
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[[tcp.services.whoami-tcp.loadBalancer.servers]]
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address = "xx.xx.xx.xx:xx"
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```
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```yaml tab="YAML"
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# http routing section
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http:
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routers:
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# Define a connection between requests and services
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to-whoami:
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rule: Host(`domain`) && PathPrefix(`/whoami/`)
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# If the rule matches, applies the middleware
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middlewares:
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- test-user
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# If the rule matches, forward to the whoami service (declared below)
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service: whoami
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middlewares:
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# Define an authentication mechanism
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test-user:
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basicAuth:
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users:
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- test:$apr1$H6uskkkW$IgXLP6ewTrSuBkTrqE8wj/
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services:
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# Define how to reach an existing service on our infrastructure
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whoami:
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loadBalancer:
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servers:
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- url: http://private/whoami-service
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tcp:
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routers:
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to-whoami-tcp:
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service: whoami-tcp
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rule: HostSNI(`whoami-tcp.traefik.io`)
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services:
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whoami-tcp:
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loadBalancer:
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servers:
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- address: xx.xx.xx.xx:xx
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```
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