213 lines
7.7 KiB
Markdown
213 lines
7.7 KiB
Markdown
# Overview
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Traefik's Many Friends
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{: .subtitle }
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Configuration discovery in Traefik is achieved through _Providers_.
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The _providers_ are existing infrastructure components, whether orchestrators, container engines, cloud providers, or key-value stores.
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The idea is that Traefik will query the providers' API in order to find relevant information about routing,
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and each time Traefik detects a change, it dynamically updates the routes.
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Deploy and forget is Traefik's credo.
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## Orchestrators
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Even if each provider is different, we can categorize them in four groups:
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- Label based (each deployed container has a set of labels attached to it)
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- Key-Value based (each deployed container updates a key-value store with relevant information)
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- Annotation based (a separate object, with annotations, defines the characteristics of the container)
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- File based (the good old configuration file)
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## Provider Namespace
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When you declare certain objects, in Traefik dynamic configuration,
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such as middleware, service, TLS options or servers transport, they live in its provider's namespace.
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For example, if you declare a middleware using a Docker label, under the hoods, it will reside in the docker provider namespace.
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If you use multiple providers and wish to reference such an object declared in another provider
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(aka referencing a cross-provider object, e.g. middleware), then you'll have to append the `@` separator,
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followed by the provider name to the object name.
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```text
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<resource-name>@<provider-name>
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```
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!!! important "Kubernetes Namespace"
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As Kubernetes also has its own notion of namespace,
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one should not confuse the "provider namespace" with the "kubernetes namespace" of a resource when in the context of a cross-provider usage.
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In this case, since the definition of a traefik dynamic configuration object is not in kubernetes,
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specifying a "kubernetes namespace" when referring to the resource does not make any sense,
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and therefore this specification would be ignored even if present.
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On the other hand, if you, say, declare a middleware as a Custom Resource in Kubernetes and use the non-crd Ingress objects,
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you'll have to add the Kubernetes namespace of the middleware to the annotation like this `<middleware-namespace>-<middleware-name>@kubernetescrd`.
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!!! abstract "Referencing a Traefik dynamic configuration object from Another Provider"
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Declaring the add-foo-prefix in the file provider.
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```toml tab="File (TOML)"
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[http.middlewares]
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[http.middlewares.add-foo-prefix.addPrefix]
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prefix = "/foo"
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```
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```yaml tab="File (YAML)"
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http:
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middlewares:
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add-foo-prefix:
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addPrefix:
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prefix: "/foo"
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```
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Using the add-foo-prefix middleware from other providers:
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```yaml tab="Docker"
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your-container: #
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image: your-docker-image
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labels:
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# Attach add-foo-prefix@file middleware (declared in file)
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- "traefik.http.routers.my-container.middlewares=add-foo-prefix@file"
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```
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```yaml tab="Kubernetes Ingress Route"
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apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
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kind: IngressRoute
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metadata:
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name: ingressroutestripprefix
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spec:
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entryPoints:
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- web
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routes:
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- match: Host(`example.com`)
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kind: Rule
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services:
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- name: whoami
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port: 80
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middlewares:
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- name: add-foo-prefix@file
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# namespace: bar
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# A namespace specification such as above is ignored
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# when the cross-provider syntax is used.
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```
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```yaml tab="Kubernetes Ingress"
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apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
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kind: Middleware
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metadata:
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name: stripprefix
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namespace: appspace
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spec:
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stripPrefix:
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prefixes:
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- /stripit
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---
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apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
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kind: Ingress
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metadata:
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name: ingress
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namespace: appspace
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annotations:
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# referencing a middleware from Kubernetes CRD provider:
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# <middleware-namespace>-<middleware-name>@kubernetescrd
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"traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.middlewares": appspace-stripprefix@kubernetescrd
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spec:
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# ... regular ingress definition
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```
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## Supported Providers
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Below is the list of the currently supported providers in Traefik.
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| Provider | Type | Configuration Type |
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|---------------------------------------|--------------|----------------------------|
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| [Docker](./docker.md) | Orchestrator | Label |
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| [Kubernetes](./kubernetes-crd.md) | Orchestrator | Custom Resource or Ingress |
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| [Consul Catalog](./consul-catalog.md) | Orchestrator | Label |
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| [ECS](./ecs.md) | Orchestrator | Label |
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| [Marathon](./marathon.md) | Orchestrator | Label |
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| [Rancher](./rancher.md) | Orchestrator | Label |
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| [File](./file.md) | Manual | TOML/YAML format |
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| [Consul](./consul.md) | KV | KV |
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| [Etcd](./etcd.md) | KV | KV |
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| [ZooKeeper](./zookeeper.md) | KV | KV |
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| [Redis](./redis.md) | KV | KV |
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| [HTTP](./http.md) | Manual | JSON format |
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!!! info "More Providers"
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The current version of Traefik doesn't support (yet) every provider.
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See the [previous version (v1.7)](https://doc.traefik.io/traefik/v1.7/) for more providers.
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### Configuration reload frequency
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In some cases, some providers might undergo a sudden burst of changes,
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which would generate a lot of configuration change events.
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If Traefik took them all into account,
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that would trigger a lot more configuration reloads than what is necessary,
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or even useful.
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In order to mitigate that, the `providers.providersThrottleDuration` option can be set.
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It is the duration that Traefik waits for, after a configuration reload,
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before taking into account any new configuration refresh event.
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If any event arrives during that duration, only the most recent one is taken into account,
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and all the previous others are dropped.
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This option cannot be set per provider,
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but the throttling algorithm applies independently to each of them.
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It defaults to 2 seconds.
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```toml tab="File (TOML)"
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[providers]
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providers.providersThrottleDuration = 10s
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```
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```yaml tab="File (YAML)"
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providers:
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providersThrottleDuration: 10s
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```
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```bash tab="CLI"
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--providers.providersThrottleDuration=10s
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```
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<!--
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TODO (document TCP VS HTTP dynamic configuration)
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-->
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## Restrict the Scope of Service Discovery
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By default Traefik will create routes for all detected containers.
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If you want to limit the scope of Traefik's service discovery,
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i.e. disallow route creation for some containers,
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you can do so in two different ways:
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either with the generic configuration option `exposedByDefault`,
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or with a finer granularity mechanism based on constraints.
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### `exposedByDefault` and `traefik.enable`
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List of providers that support that feature:
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- [Docker](./docker.md#exposedbydefault)
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- [Consul Catalog](./consul-catalog.md#exposedbydefault)
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- [Rancher](./rancher.md#exposedbydefault)
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- [Marathon](./marathon.md#exposedbydefault)
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### Constraints
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List of providers that support constraints:
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- [Docker](./docker.md#constraints)
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- [Consul Catalog](./consul-catalog.md#constraints)
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- [Rancher](./rancher.md#constraints)
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- [Marathon](./marathon.md#constraints)
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- [Kubernetes CRD](./kubernetes-crd.md#labelselector)
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- [Kubernetes Ingress](./kubernetes-ingress.md#labelselector)
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