501 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
501 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
---
|
|
title: "Traefik Kubernetes Ingress Documentation"
|
|
description: "Understand the requirements, routing configuration, and how to set up Traefik Proxy as your Kubernetes Ingress Controller. Read the technical documentation."
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
# Traefik & Kubernetes
|
|
|
|
The Kubernetes Ingress Controller.
|
|
{: .subtitle }
|
|
|
|
The Traefik Kubernetes Ingress provider is a Kubernetes Ingress controller; that is to say,
|
|
it manages access to cluster services by supporting the [Ingress](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/) specification.
|
|
|
|
## Requirements
|
|
|
|
Traefik supports `1.14+` Kubernetes clusters.
|
|
|
|
## Routing Configuration
|
|
|
|
See the dedicated section in [routing](../routing/providers/kubernetes-ingress.md).
|
|
|
|
## Enabling and Using the Provider
|
|
|
|
You can enable the provider in the static configuration:
|
|
|
|
```yaml tab="File (YAML)"
|
|
providers:
|
|
kubernetesIngress: {}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```toml tab="File (TOML)"
|
|
[providers.kubernetesIngress]
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```bash tab="CLI"
|
|
--providers.kubernetesingress=true
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
The provider then watches for incoming ingresses events, such as the example below,
|
|
and derives the corresponding dynamic configuration from it,
|
|
which in turn creates the resulting routers, services, handlers, etc.
|
|
|
|
```yaml tab="Ingress"
|
|
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
|
|
kind: Ingress
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: foo
|
|
namespace: production
|
|
|
|
spec:
|
|
rules:
|
|
- host: example.net
|
|
http:
|
|
paths:
|
|
- path: /bar
|
|
pathType: Exact
|
|
backend:
|
|
service:
|
|
name: service1
|
|
port:
|
|
number: 80
|
|
- path: /foo
|
|
pathType: Exact
|
|
backend:
|
|
service:
|
|
name: service1
|
|
port:
|
|
number: 80
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```yaml tab="Ingress v1beta1 (deprecated)"
|
|
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
|
|
kind: Ingress
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: foo
|
|
namespace: production
|
|
|
|
spec:
|
|
rules:
|
|
- host: example.net
|
|
http:
|
|
paths:
|
|
- path: /bar
|
|
backend:
|
|
serviceName: service1
|
|
servicePort: 80
|
|
- path: /foo
|
|
backend:
|
|
serviceName: service1
|
|
servicePort: 80
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## LetsEncrypt Support with the Ingress Provider
|
|
|
|
By design, Traefik is a stateless application,
|
|
meaning that it only derives its configuration from the environment it runs in,
|
|
without additional configuration.
|
|
For this reason, users can run multiple instances of Traefik at the same time to achieve HA,
|
|
as is a common pattern in the kubernetes ecosystem.
|
|
|
|
When using a single instance of Traefik Proxy with Let's Encrypt, you should encounter no issues.
|
|
However, this could be a single point of failure.
|
|
Unfortunately, it is not possible to run multiple instances of Traefik 2.0 with Let's Encrypt enabled,
|
|
because there is no way to ensure that the correct instance of Traefik receives the challenge request, and subsequent responses.
|
|
Previous versions of Traefik used a [KV store](https://doc.traefik.io/traefik/v1.7/configuration/acme/#storage) to attempt to achieve this,
|
|
but due to sub-optimal performance that feature was dropped in 2.0.
|
|
|
|
If you need Let's Encrypt with high availability in a Kubernetes environment,
|
|
we recommend using [Traefik Enterprise](https://traefik.io/traefik-enterprise/) which includes distributed Let's Encrypt as a supported feature.
|
|
|
|
If you want to keep using Traefik Proxy,
|
|
LetsEncrypt HA can be achieved by using a Certificate Controller such as [Cert-Manager](https://cert-manager.io/docs/).
|
|
When using Cert-Manager to manage certificates,
|
|
it creates secrets in your namespaces that can be referenced as TLS secrets in your [ingress objects](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/#tls).
|
|
|
|
## Provider Configuration
|
|
|
|
### `endpoint`
|
|
|
|
_Optional, Default=""_
|
|
|
|
The Kubernetes server endpoint URL.
|
|
|
|
When deployed into Kubernetes, Traefik reads the environment variables `KUBERNETES_SERVICE_HOST` and `KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT` or `KUBECONFIG` to construct the endpoint.
|
|
|
|
The access token is looked up in `/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token` and the SSL CA certificate in `/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt`.
|
|
Both are mounted automatically when deployed inside Kubernetes.
|
|
|
|
The endpoint may be specified to override the environment variable values inside a cluster.
|
|
|
|
When the environment variables are not found, Traefik tries to connect to the Kubernetes API server with an external-cluster client.
|
|
In this case, the endpoint is required.
|
|
Specifically, it may be set to the URL used by `kubectl proxy` to connect to a Kubernetes cluster using the granted authentication and authorization of the associated kubeconfig.
|
|
|
|
```yaml tab="File (YAML)"
|
|
providers:
|
|
kubernetesIngress:
|
|
endpoint: "http://localhost:8080"
|
|
# ...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```toml tab="File (TOML)"
|
|
[providers.kubernetesIngress]
|
|
endpoint = "http://localhost:8080"
|
|
# ...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```bash tab="CLI"
|
|
--providers.kubernetesingress.endpoint=http://localhost:8080
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### `token`
|
|
|
|
_Optional, Default=""_
|
|
|
|
Bearer token used for the Kubernetes client configuration.
|
|
|
|
```yaml tab="File (YAML)"
|
|
providers:
|
|
kubernetesIngress:
|
|
token: "mytoken"
|
|
# ...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```toml tab="File (TOML)"
|
|
[providers.kubernetesIngress]
|
|
token = "mytoken"
|
|
# ...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```bash tab="CLI"
|
|
--providers.kubernetesingress.token=mytoken
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### `certAuthFilePath`
|
|
|
|
_Optional, Default=""_
|
|
|
|
Path to the certificate authority file.
|
|
Used for the Kubernetes client configuration.
|
|
|
|
```yaml tab="File (YAML)"
|
|
providers:
|
|
kubernetesIngress:
|
|
certAuthFilePath: "/my/ca.crt"
|
|
# ...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```toml tab="File (TOML)"
|
|
[providers.kubernetesIngress]
|
|
certAuthFilePath = "/my/ca.crt"
|
|
# ...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```bash tab="CLI"
|
|
--providers.kubernetesingress.certauthfilepath=/my/ca.crt
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### `namespaces`
|
|
|
|
_Optional, Default: []_
|
|
|
|
Array of namespaces to watch.
|
|
If left empty, watches all namespaces if the value of `namespaces`.
|
|
|
|
```yaml tab="File (YAML)"
|
|
providers:
|
|
kubernetesIngress:
|
|
namespaces:
|
|
- "default"
|
|
- "production"
|
|
# ...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```toml tab="File (TOML)"
|
|
[providers.kubernetesIngress]
|
|
namespaces = ["default", "production"]
|
|
# ...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```bash tab="CLI"
|
|
--providers.kubernetesingress.namespaces=default,production
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### `labelSelector`
|
|
|
|
_Optional, Default: ""_
|
|
|
|
A label selector can be defined to filter on specific Ingress objects only.
|
|
If left empty, Traefik processes all Ingress objects in the configured namespaces.
|
|
|
|
See [label-selectors](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels/#label-selectors) for details.
|
|
|
|
```yaml tab="File (YAML)"
|
|
providers:
|
|
kubernetesIngress:
|
|
labelSelector: "app=traefik"
|
|
# ...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```toml tab="File (TOML)"
|
|
[providers.kubernetesIngress]
|
|
labelSelector = "app=traefik"
|
|
# ...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```bash tab="CLI"
|
|
--providers.kubernetesingress.labelselector="app=traefik"
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### `ingressClass`
|
|
|
|
_Optional, Default: ""_
|
|
|
|
Value of `kubernetes.io/ingress.class` annotation that identifies Ingress objects to be processed.
|
|
|
|
If the parameter is set, only Ingresses containing an annotation with the same value are processed.
|
|
Otherwise, Ingresses missing the annotation, having an empty value, or the value `traefik` are processed.
|
|
|
|
??? info "Kubernetes 1.18+"
|
|
|
|
If the Kubernetes cluster version is 1.18+,
|
|
the new `IngressClass` resource can be leveraged to identify Ingress objects that should be processed.
|
|
In that case, Traefik will look for an `IngressClass` in the cluster with the controller value equal to *traefik.io/ingress-controller*.
|
|
|
|
In addition to the controller value matching mechanism, the property `ingressClass` (if set) will be used to select IngressClasses by applying a strict matching on their name.
|
|
|
|
Please see [this article](https://kubernetes.io/blog/2020/04/02/improvements-to-the-ingress-api-in-kubernetes-1.18/) for more information or the example below.
|
|
|
|
```yaml tab="IngressClass"
|
|
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
|
|
kind: IngressClass
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: traefik-lb
|
|
spec:
|
|
controller: traefik.io/ingress-controller
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```yaml tab="Ingress"
|
|
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
|
|
kind: Ingress
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: example-ingress
|
|
spec:
|
|
ingressClassName: traefik-lb
|
|
rules:
|
|
- host: "*.example.com"
|
|
http:
|
|
paths:
|
|
- path: /example
|
|
backend:
|
|
serviceName: example-service
|
|
servicePort: 80
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
??? info "Kubernetes 1.19+"
|
|
|
|
If the Kubernetes cluster version is 1.19+,
|
|
prefer using the `networking.k8s.io/v1` [apiVersion](https://v1-19.docs.kubernetes.io/docs/setup/release/notes/#api-change) of `Ingress` and `IngressClass`.
|
|
|
|
```yaml tab="IngressClass"
|
|
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
|
|
kind: IngressClass
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: traefik-lb
|
|
spec:
|
|
controller: traefik.io/ingress-controller
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```yaml tab="Ingress"
|
|
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
|
|
kind: Ingress
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: example-ingress
|
|
spec:
|
|
ingressClassName: traefik-lb
|
|
rules:
|
|
- host: "*.example.com"
|
|
http:
|
|
paths:
|
|
- path: /example
|
|
pathType: Exact
|
|
backend:
|
|
service:
|
|
name: example-service
|
|
port:
|
|
number: 80
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```yaml tab="File (YAML)"
|
|
providers:
|
|
kubernetesIngress:
|
|
ingressClass: "traefik-internal"
|
|
# ...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```toml tab="File (TOML)"
|
|
[providers.kubernetesIngress]
|
|
ingressClass = "traefik-internal"
|
|
# ...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```bash tab="CLI"
|
|
--providers.kubernetesingress.ingressclass=traefik-internal
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### `ingressEndpoint`
|
|
|
|
#### `hostname`
|
|
|
|
_Optional, Default: ""_
|
|
|
|
Hostname used for Kubernetes Ingress endpoints.
|
|
|
|
```yaml tab="File (YAML)"
|
|
providers:
|
|
kubernetesIngress:
|
|
ingressEndpoint:
|
|
hostname: "example.net"
|
|
# ...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```toml tab="File (TOML)"
|
|
[providers.kubernetesIngress.ingressEndpoint]
|
|
hostname = "example.net"
|
|
# ...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```bash tab="CLI"
|
|
--providers.kubernetesingress.ingressendpoint.hostname=example.net
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### `ip`
|
|
|
|
_Optional, Default: ""_
|
|
|
|
IP used for Kubernetes Ingress endpoints.
|
|
|
|
```yaml tab="File (YAML)"
|
|
providers:
|
|
kubernetesIngress:
|
|
ingressEndpoint:
|
|
ip: "1.2.3.4"
|
|
# ...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```toml tab="File (TOML)"
|
|
[providers.kubernetesIngress.ingressEndpoint]
|
|
ip = "1.2.3.4"
|
|
# ...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```bash tab="CLI"
|
|
--providers.kubernetesingress.ingressendpoint.ip=1.2.3.4
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### `publishedService`
|
|
|
|
_Optional, Default: ""_
|
|
|
|
Published Kubernetes Service to copy status from.
|
|
Format: `namespace/servicename`.
|
|
|
|
```yaml tab="File (YAML)"
|
|
providers:
|
|
kubernetesIngress:
|
|
ingressEndpoint:
|
|
publishedService: "namespace/foo-service"
|
|
# ...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```toml tab="File (TOML)"
|
|
[providers.kubernetesIngress.ingressEndpoint]
|
|
publishedService = "namespace/foo-service"
|
|
# ...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```bash tab="CLI"
|
|
--providers.kubernetesingress.ingressendpoint.publishedservice=namespace/foo-service
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### `throttleDuration`
|
|
|
|
_Optional, Default: 0_
|
|
|
|
The `throttleDuration` option defines how often the provider is allowed to handle events from Kubernetes. This prevents
|
|
a Kubernetes cluster that updates many times per second from continuously changing your Traefik configuration.
|
|
|
|
If left empty, the provider does not apply any throttling and does not drop any Kubernetes events.
|
|
|
|
The value of `throttleDuration` should be provided in seconds or as a valid duration format,
|
|
see [time.ParseDuration](https://golang.org/pkg/time/#ParseDuration).
|
|
|
|
```yaml tab="File (YAML)"
|
|
providers:
|
|
kubernetesIngress:
|
|
throttleDuration: "10s"
|
|
# ...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```toml tab="File (TOML)"
|
|
[providers.kubernetesIngress]
|
|
throttleDuration = "10s"
|
|
# ...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```bash tab="CLI"
|
|
--providers.kubernetesingress.throttleDuration=10s
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### `allowEmptyServices`
|
|
|
|
_Optional, Default: false
|
|
|
|
```yaml tab="File (YAML)"
|
|
providers:
|
|
kubernetesIngress:
|
|
allowEmptyServices: true
|
|
# ...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```toml tab="File (TOML)"
|
|
[providers.kubernetesIngress]
|
|
allowEmptyServices = true
|
|
# ...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```bash tab="CLI"
|
|
--providers.kubernetesingress.allowEmptyServices=true
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Allow the creation of services if there are no endpoints available.
|
|
This results in `503` http responses instead of `404`.
|
|
|
|
### `allowExternalNameServices`
|
|
|
|
_Optional, Default: false_
|
|
|
|
If the parameter is set to `true`, Ingresses are able to reference ExternalName services.
|
|
|
|
```yaml tab="File (YAML)"
|
|
providers:
|
|
kubernetesIngress:
|
|
allowExternalNameServices: true
|
|
# ...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```toml tab="File (TOML)"
|
|
[providers.kubernetesIngress]
|
|
allowExternalNameServices = true
|
|
# ...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```bash tab="CLI"
|
|
--providers.kubernetesingress.allowexternalnameservices=true
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Further
|
|
|
|
To learn more about the various aspects of the Ingress specification that Traefik supports,
|
|
many examples of Ingresses definitions are located in the test [examples](https://github.com/traefik/traefik/tree/v2.6/pkg/provider/kubernetes/ingress/fixtures) of the Traefik repository.
|