457 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
457 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
# Services
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Configuring How to Reach the Services
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{: .subtitle }
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The `Services` are responsible for configuring how to reach the actual services that will eventually handle the incoming requests.
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## Configuration Example
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??? example "Declaring an HTTP Service with Two Servers -- Using the [File Provider](../../providers/file.md)"
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```toml tab="TOML"
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[http.services]
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[http.services.my-service.loadBalancer]
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[[http.services.my-service.loadBalancer.servers]]
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url = "http://private-ip-server-1/"
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[[http.services.my-service.loadBalancer.servers]]
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url = "http://private-ip-server-2/"
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```
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```yaml tab="YAML"
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http:
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services:
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my-service:
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loadBalancer:
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servers:
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- url: "http://private-ip-server-1/"
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- url: "http://private-ip-server-2/"
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```
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??? example "Declaring a TCP Service with Two Servers -- Using the [File Provider](../../providers/file.md)"
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```toml tab="TOML"
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[tcp.services]
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[tcp.services.my-service.loadBalancer]
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[[tcp.services.my-service.loadBalancer.servers]]
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address = "xx.xx.xx.xx:xx"
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[[tcp.services.my-service.loadBalancer.servers]]
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address = "xx.xx.xx.xx:xx"
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```
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```yaml tab="YAML"
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tcp:
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services:
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my-service:
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loadBalancer:
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servers:
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- address: "xx.xx.xx.xx:xx"
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- address: "xx.xx.xx.xx:xx"
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```
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## Configuring HTTP Services
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### Servers Load Balancer
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The load balancers are able to load balance the requests between multiple instances of your programs.
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??? example "Declaring a Service with Two Servers (with Load Balancing) -- Using the [File Provider](../../providers/file.md)"
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```toml tab="TOML"
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[http.services]
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[http.services.my-service.loadBalancer]
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[[http.services.my-service.loadBalancer.servers]]
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url = "http://private-ip-server-1/"
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[[http.services.my-service.loadBalancer.servers]]
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url = "http://private-ip-server-2/"
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```
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```yaml tab="YAML"
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http:
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services:
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my-service:
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loadBalancer:
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servers:
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- url: "http://private-ip-server-1/"
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- url: "http://private-ip-server-2/"
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```
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#### Servers
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Servers declare a single instance of your program.
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The `url` option point to a specific instance.
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!!! note
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Paths in the servers' `url` have no effet.
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If you want the requests to be sent to a specific path on your servers,
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configure your [`routers`](../routers/index.md) to use a corresponding [middleware](../../middlewares/overview.md) (e.g. the [AddPrefix](../../middlewares/addprefix.md) or [ReplacePath](../../middlewares/replacepath.md)) middlewares.
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??? example "A Service with One Server -- Using the [File Provider](../../providers/file.md)"
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```toml tab="TOML"
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[http.services]
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[http.services.my-service.loadBalancer]
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[[http.services.my-service.loadBalancer.servers]]
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url = "http://private-ip-server-1/"
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```
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```yaml tab="YAML"
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http:
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services:
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my-service:
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loadBalancer:
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servers:
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url: "http://private-ip-server-1/"
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```
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#### Load-balancing
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For now, only round robin load balancing is supported:
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??? example "Load Balancing -- Using the [File Provider](../../providers/file.md)"
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```toml tab="TOML"
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[http.services]
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[http.services.my-service.loadBalancer]
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[[http.services.my-service.loadBalancer.servers]]
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url = "http://private-ip-server-1/"
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[[http.services.my-service.loadBalancer.servers]]
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url = "http://private-ip-server-2/"
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```
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```yaml tab="YAML"
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http:
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services:
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my-service:
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loadBalancer:
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servers:
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- url: "http://private-ip-server-1/"
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- url: "http://private-ip-server-2/"
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```
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#### Sticky sessions
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When sticky sessions are enabled, a cookie is set on the initial request to track which server handles the first response.
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On subsequent requests, the client is forwarded to the same server.
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!!! note "Stickiness & Unhealthy Servers"
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If the server specified in the cookie becomes unhealthy, the request will be forwarded to a new server (and the cookie will keep track of the new server).
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!!! note "Cookie Name"
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The default cookie name is an abbreviation of a sha1 (ex: `_1d52e`).
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!!! note "Secure & HTTPOnly flags"
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By default, the affinity cookie is created without those flags. One however can change that through configuration.
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??? example "Adding Stickiness"
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```toml tab="TOML"
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[http.services]
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[http.services.my-service]
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[http.services.my-service.loadBalancer.sticky.cookie]
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```
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```yaml tab="YAML"
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http:
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services:
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my-service:
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loadBalancer:
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sticky:
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cookie: {}
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```
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??? example "Adding Stickiness with custom Options"
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```toml tab="TOML"
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[http.services]
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[http.services.my-service]
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[http.services.my-service.loadBalancer.sticky.cookie]
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name = "my_sticky_cookie_name"
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secure = true
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httpOnly = true
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```
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```yaml tab="YAML"
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http:
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services:
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my-service:
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loadBalancer:
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sticky:
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cookie:
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name: my_sticky_cookie_name
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secure: true
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httpOnly: true
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```
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#### Health Check
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Configure health check to remove unhealthy servers from the load balancing rotation.
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Traefik will consider your servers healthy as long as they return status codes between `2XX` and `3XX` to the health check requests (carried out every `interval`).
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Below are the available options for the health check mechanism:
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- `path` is appended to the server URL to set the health check endpoint.
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- `scheme`, if defined, will replace the server URL `scheme` for the health check endpoint
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- `hostname`, if defined, will replace the server URL `hostname` for the health check endpoint.
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- `port`, if defined, will replace the server URL `port` for the health check endpoint.
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- `interval` defines the frequency of the health check calls.
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- `timeout` defines the maximum duration Traefik will wait for a health check request before considering the server failed (unhealthy).
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- `headers` defines custom headers to be sent to the health check endpoint.
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!!! note "Interval & Timeout Format"
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Interval and timeout are to be given in a format understood by [time.ParseDuration](https://golang.org/pkg/time/#ParseDuration).
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The interval must be greater than the timeout. If configuration doesn't reflect this, the interval will be set to timeout + 1 second.
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!!! note "Recovering Servers"
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Traefik keeps monitoring the health of unhealthy servers.
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If a server has recovered (returning `2xx` -> `3xx` responses again), it will be added back to the load balacer rotation pool.
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??? example "Custom Interval & Timeout -- Using the [File Provider](../../providers/file.md)"
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```toml tab="TOML"
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[http.services]
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[http.servicess.Service-1]
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[http.services.Service-1.loadBalancer.healthCheck]
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path = "/health"
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interval = "10s"
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timeout = "3s"
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```
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```yaml tab="YAML"
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http:
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servicess:
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Service-1:
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loadBalancer:
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healthCheck:
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path: /health
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interval: "10s"
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timeout: "3s"
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```
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??? example "Custom Port -- Using the [File Provider](../../providers/file.md)"
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```toml tab="TOML"
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[http.services]
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[http.services.Service-1]
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[http.services.Service-1.loadBalancer.healthCheck]
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path = "/health"
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port = 8080
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```
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```yaml tab="YAML"
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http:
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services:
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Service-1:
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loadBalancer:
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healthCheck:
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path: /health
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port: 8080
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```
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??? example "Custom Scheme -- Using the [File Provider](../../providers/file.md)"
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```toml tab="TOML"
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[http.services]
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[http.services.Service-1]
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[http.services.Service-1.loadBalancer.healthCheck]
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path = "/health"
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scheme = "http"
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```
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```yaml tab="YAML"
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http:
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services:
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Service-1:
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loadBalancer:
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healthCheck:
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path: /health
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scheme: http
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```
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??? example "Additional HTTP Headers -- Using the [File Provider](../../providers/file.md)"
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```toml tab="TOML"
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[http.services]
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[http.services.Service-1]
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[http.services.Service-1.loadBalancer.healthCheck]
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path = "/health"
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[http.services.Service-1.loadBalancer.healthCheck.headers]
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My-Custom-Header = "foo"
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My-Header = "bar"
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```
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```yaml tab="YAML"
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http:
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services:
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Service-1:
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loadBalancer:
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healthCheck:
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path: /health
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headers:
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My-Custom-Header: foo
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My-Header: bar
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```
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### Weighted Round Robin (service)
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The WRR is able to load balance the requests between multiple services based on weights.
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This strategy is only available to load balance between [services](./index.md) and not between [servers](./index.md#servers).
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This strategy can be defined only with [File](../../providers/file.md).
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```toml tab="TOML"
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[http.services]
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[http.services.canary]
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[[http.services.canary.weighted.services]]
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name = "appv1"
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weight = 3
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[[http.services.canary.weighted.services]]
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name = "appv2"
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weight = 1
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[http.services.appv1]
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[http.services.appv1.loadBalancer]
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[[http.services.appv1.loadBalancer.servers]]
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url = "http://private-ip-server-1/"
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[http.services.appv2]
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[http.services.appv2.loadBalancer]
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[[http.services.appv2.loadBalancer.servers]]
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url = "http://private-ip-server-2/"
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```
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```yaml tab="YAML"
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http:
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services:
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canary:
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weighted:
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services:
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- name: appv1
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weight: 3
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- name: appv2
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weight: 1
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appv1:
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loadBalancer:
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servers:
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- url: "http://private-ip-server-1/"
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appv2:
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loadBalancer:
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servers:
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- url: "http://private-ip-server-2/"
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```
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### Mirroring (service)
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The mirroring is able to mirror requests sent to a service to other services.
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This strategy can be defined only with [File](../../providers/file.md).
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```toml tab="TOML"
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[http.services]
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[http.services.mirroring]
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[http.services.mirroring.mirroring]
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service = "app"
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[[http.services.mirroring.mirroring.mirrors]]
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name = "mirror"
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percent = 10
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[http.services.app]
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[http.services.app.loadBalancer]
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[[http.services.appv1.loadBalancer.servers]]
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url = "http://private-ip-server-1/"
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[http.services.mirror]
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[http.services.mirror.loadBalancer]
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[[http.services.mirror.loadBalancer.servers]]
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url = "http://private-ip-server-2/"
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```
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```yaml tab="YAML"
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http:
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services:
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mirroring:
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mirroring:
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service: app
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mirrors:
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- name: mirror
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percent: 10
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app:
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loadBalancer:
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servers:
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- url: "http://private-ip-server-1/"
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mirror:
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loadBalancer:
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servers:
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- url: "http://private-ip-server-2/"
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```
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## Configuring TCP Services
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### General
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Currently, `LoadBalancer` is the only supported kind of TCP `Service`.
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However, since Traefik is an ever evolving project, other kind of TCP Services will be available in the future,
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reason why you have to specify it.
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### Load Balancer
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The load balancers are able to load balance the requests between multiple instances of your programs.
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??? example "Declaring a Service with Two Servers -- Using the [File Provider](../../providers/file.md)"
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```toml tab="TOML"
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[tcp.services]
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[tcp.services.my-service.loadBalancer]
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[[tcp.services.my-service.loadBalancer.servers]]
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address = "xx.xx.xx.xx:xx"
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[[tcp.services.my-service.loadBalancer.servers]]
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address = "xx.xx.xx.xx:xx"
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```
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```yaml tab="YAML"
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tcp:
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services:
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my-service:
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loadBalancer:
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servers:
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- address: "xx.xx.xx.xx:xx"
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- address: "xx.xx.xx.xx:xx"
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```
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#### Servers
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Servers declare a single instance of your program.
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The `address` option (IP:Port) point to a specific instance.
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??? example "A Service with One Server -- Using the [File Provider](../../providers/file.md)"
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```toml tab="TOML"
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[tcp.services]
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[tcp.services.my-service.loadBalancer]
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[[tcp.services.my-service.loadBalancer.servers]]
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address = "xx.xx.xx.xx:xx"
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```
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```yaml tab="YAML"
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tcp:
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services:
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my-service:
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loadBalancer:
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servers:
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address: "xx.xx.xx.xx:xx"
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```
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