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55
docs/basics.md
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@ -253,9 +253,30 @@ Here is an example of backends and servers definition:
- `backend2` will forward the traffic to two servers: `http://172.17.0.4:80"` with weight `1` and `http://172.17.0.5:80` with weight `2` using `drr` load-balancing strategy.
- a circuit breaker is added on `backend1` using the expression `NetworkErrorRatio() > 0.5`: watch error ratio over 10 second sliding window
# Launch
# Configuration
Træfɪk's configuration has two parts:
- The [static Træfɪk configuration](/basics#static-trfk-configuration) which is loaded only at the begining.
- The [dynamic Træfɪk configuration](/basics#dynamic-trfk-configuration) which can be hot-reloaded (no need to restart the process).
## Static Træfɪk configuration
The static configuration is the global configuration which setting up connections to configuration backends and entrypoints.
Træfɪk can be configured using many configuration sources with the following precedence order.
Each item takes precedence over the item below it:
- [Key-value Store](/basics/#key-value-stores)
- [Arguments](/basics/#arguments)
- [Configuration file](/basics/#configuration-file)
- Default
It means that arguments overrides configuration file, and Key-value Store overrides arguments.
### Configuration file
Træfɪk can be configured using a TOML file configuration, arguments, or both.
By default, Træfɪk will try to find a `traefik.toml` in the following places:
- `/etc/traefik/`
@ -268,15 +289,35 @@ You can override this by setting a `configFile` argument:
$ traefik --configFile=foo/bar/myconfigfile.toml
```
Træfɪk uses the following precedence order. Each item takes precedence over the item below it:
Please refer to the [global configuration](/toml/#global-configuration) section to get documentation on it.
- arguments
- configuration file
- default
### Arguments
It means that arguments overrides configuration file.
Each argument is described in the help section:
```bash
$ traefik --help
```
Note that all default values will be displayed as well.
### Key-value stores
Træfɪk supports several Key-value stores:
- [Consul](https://consul.io)
- [etcd](https://coreos.com/etcd/)
- [ZooKeeper](https://zookeeper.apache.org/)
- [boltdb](https://github.com/boltdb/bolt)
Please refer to the [User Guide Key-value store configuration](/user-guide/kv-config/) section to get documentation on it.
## Dynamic Træfɪk configuration
Træfɪk can hot-reload its configuration.
The dynamic configuration concern route rules which could be provided by [multiple configuration backends](/toml/#configuration-backends).
We only need to enable `watch` option to make Træfɪk watch configuration backend changes and generate its configuration automatically.
Routes to services will be created and updated instantly at any changes.
Please refer to the [configuration backends](/toml/#configuration-backends) section to get documentation on it.

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docs/toml.md
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@ -756,7 +756,7 @@ prefix = "traefik"
# insecureskipverify = true
```
Please refer to the [Key Value storage structure](#key-value-storage-structure) section to get documentation en traefik KV structure.
Please refer to the [Key Value storage structure](/user-guide/kv-config/#key-value-storage-structure) section to get documentation on traefik KV structure.
## Consul catalog backend
@ -857,7 +857,7 @@ prefix = "/traefik"
# insecureskipverify = true
```
Please refer to the [Key Value storage structure](#key-value-storage-structure) section to get documentation en traefik KV structure.
Please refer to the [Key Value storage structure](/user-guide/kv-config/#key-value-storage-structure) section to get documentation on traefik KV structure.
## Zookeeper backend
@ -900,7 +900,7 @@ prefix = "/traefik"
# filename = "zookeeper.tmpl"
```
Please refer to the [Key Value storage structure](#key-value-storage-structure) section to get documentation en traefik KV structure.
Please refer to the [Key Value storage structure](/user-guide/kv-config/#key-value-storage-structure) section to get documentation on traefik KV structure.
## BoltDB backend
@ -942,85 +942,4 @@ prefix = "/traefik"
# filename = "boltdb.tmpl"
```
Please refer to the [Key Value storage structure](#key-value-storage-structure) section to get documentation en traefik KV structure.
## Key-value storage structure
The Keys-Values structure should look (using `prefix = "/traefik"`):
- backend 1
| Key | Value |
|--------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------|
| `/traefik/backends/backend1/circuitbreaker/expression` | `NetworkErrorRatio() > 0.5` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend1/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.2:80` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend1/servers/server1/weight` | `10` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend1/servers/server2/url` | `http://172.17.0.3:80` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend1/servers/server2/weight` | `1` |
- backend 2
| Key | Value |
|-----------------------------------------------------|------------------------|
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/maxconn/amount` | `10` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/maxconn/extractorfunc` | `request.host` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/loadbalancer/method` | `drr` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.4:80` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/servers/server1/weight` | `1` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/servers/server2/url` | `http://172.17.0.5:80` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/servers/server2/weight` | `2` |
- frontend 1
| Key | Value |
|---------------------------------------------------|-----------------------|
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend1/backend` | `backend2` |
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend1/routes/test_1/rule` | `Host:test.localhost` |
- frontend 2
| Key | Value |
|----------------------------------------------------|--------------------|
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend2/backend` | `backend1` |
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend2/passHostHeader` | `true` |
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend2/priority` | `10` |
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend2/entrypoints` | `http,https` |
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend2/routes/test_2/rule` | `PathPrefix:/test` |
## Atomic configuration changes
The [Etcd](https://github.com/coreos/etcd/issues/860) and [Consul](https://github.com/hashicorp/consul/issues/886) backends do not support updating multiple keys atomically. As a result, it may be possible for Træfɪk to read an intermediate configuration state despite judicious use of the `--providersThrottleDuration` flag. To solve this problem, Træfɪk supports a special key called `/traefik/alias`. If set, Træfɪk use the value as an alternative key prefix.
Given the key structure below, Træfɪk will use the `http://172.17.0.2:80` as its only backend (frontend keys have been omitted for brevity).
| Key | Value |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------|
| `/traefik/alias` | `/traefik_configurations/1` |
| `/traefik_configurations/1/backends/backend1/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.2:80` |
| `/traefik_configurations/1/backends/backend1/servers/server1/weight` | `10` |
When an atomic configuration change is required, you may write a new configuration at an alternative prefix. Here, although the `/traefik_configurations/2/...` keys have been set, the old configuration is still active because the `/traefik/alias` key still points to `/traefik_configurations/1`:
| Key | Value |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------|
| `/traefik/alias` | `/traefik_configurations/1` |
| `/traefik_configurations/1/backends/backend1/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.2:80` |
| `/traefik_configurations/1/backends/backend1/servers/server1/weight` | `10` |
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.2:80` |
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server1/weight` | `5` |
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server2/url` | `http://172.17.0.3:80` |
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server2/weight` | `5` |
Once the `/traefik/alias` key is updated, the new `/traefik_configurations/2` configuration becomes active atomically. Here, we have a 50% balance between the `http://172.17.0.3:80` and the `http://172.17.0.4:80` hosts while no traffic is sent to the `172.17.0.2:80` host:
| Key | Value |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------|
| `/traefik/alias` | `/traefik_configurations/2` |
| `/traefik_configurations/1/backends/backend1/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.2:80` |
| `/traefik_configurations/1/backends/backend1/servers/server1/weight` | `10` |
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.3:80` |
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server1/weight` | `5` |
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server2/url` | `http://172.17.0.4:80` |
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server2/weight` | `5` |
Note that Træfɪk *will not watch for key changes in the `/traefik_configurations` prefix*. It will only watch for changes in the `/traefik` prefix. Further, if the `/traefik/alias` key is set, all other sibling keys with the `/traefik` prefix are ignored.
Please refer to the [Key Value storage structure](/user-guide/kv-config/#key-value-storage-structure) section to get documentation on traefik KV structure.

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@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ defaultEntryPoints = ["http", "https"]
CertFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.org.cert"
KeyFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.org.key"
```
Note that we can either give path to certificate file or directly the file content itself ([like in this TOML example](/user-guide/kv-config/#upload-the-configuration-in-the-key-value-store)).
## HTTP redirect on HTTPS

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@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
# Key-value store configuration
Both [static global configuration](/user-guide/kv-config/#static-configuration-in-key-value-store) and [dynamic](/user-guide/kv-config/#dynamic-configuration-in-key-value-store) configuration can be sorted in a Key-value store.
This section explains how to launch Træfɪk using a configuration loaded from a Key-value store.
Træfɪk supports several Key-value stores:
- [Consul](https://consul.io)
- [etcd](https://coreos.com/etcd/)
- [ZooKeeper](https://zookeeper.apache.org/)
- [boltdb](https://github.com/boltdb/bolt)
# Static configuration in Key-value store
We will see the steps to set it up with an easy example.
Note that we could do the same with any other Key-value Store.
## docker-compose file for Consul
The Træfɪk global configuration will be getted from a [Consul](https://consul.io) store.
First we have to launch Consul in a container.
The [docker-compose file](https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/) allows us to launch Consul and four instances of the trivial app [emilevauge/whoamI](https://github.com/emilevauge/whoamI) :
```yml
consul:
image: progrium/consul
command: -server -bootstrap -log-level debug -ui-dir /ui
ports:
- "8400:8400"
- "8500:8500"
- "8600:53/udp"
expose:
- "8300"
- "8301"
- "8301/udp"
- "8302"
- "8302/udp"
whoami1:
image: emilevauge/whoami
whoami2:
image: emilevauge/whoami
whoami3:
image: emilevauge/whoami
whoami4:
image: emilevauge/whoami
```
## Upload the configuration in the Key-value store
We should now fill the store with the Træfɪk global configuration, as we do with a [TOML file configuration](/toml).
To do that, we can send the Key-value pairs via [curl commands](https://www.consul.io/intro/getting-started/kv.html) or via the [Web UI](https://www.consul.io/intro/getting-started/ui.html)
Here the toml configuration we would like to store in the Key-value Store :
```toml
logLevel = "DEBUG"
defaultEntryPoints = ["http", "https"]
[entryPoints]
[entryPoints.http]
address = ":80"
[entryPoints.https]
address = ":443"
[entryPoints.https.tls]
[[entryPoints.https.tls.certificates]]
CertFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.com.cert"
KeyFile = "integration/fixtures/https/snitest.com.key"
[[entryPoints.https.tls.certificates]]
CertFile = """-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
<cert file content>
-----END CERTIFICATE-----"""
KeyFile = """-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
<key file content>
-----END CERTIFICATE-----"""
[consul]
endpoint = "127.0.0.1:8500"
watch = true
prefix = "traefik"
[web]
address = ":8081"
```
And there, the same global configuration in the Key-value Store (using `prefix = "traefik"`):
| Key | Value |
|-----------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------|
| `/traefik/loglevel` | `DEBUG` |
| `/traefik/defaultentrypoints/0` | `http` |
| `/traefik/defaultentrypoints/1` | `https` |
| `/traefik/entrypoints/http/address` | `:80` |
| `/traefik/entrypoints/https/address` | `:443` |
| `/traefik/entrypoints/https/tls/certificates/0/certfile` | `integration/fixtures/https/snitest.com.cert` |
| `/traefik/entrypoints/https/tls/certificates/0/keyfile` | `integration/fixtures/https/snitest.com.key` |
| `/traefik/entrypoints/https/tls/certificates/1/certfile` | `--BEGIN CERTIFICATE--<cert file content>--END CERTIFICATE--` |
| `/traefik/entrypoints/https/tls/certificates/1/keyfile` | `--BEGIN CERTIFICATE--<key file content>--END CERTIFICATE--` |
| `/traefik/consul/endpoint` | `127.0.0.1:8500` |
| `/traefik/consul/watch` | `true` |
| `/traefik/consul/prefix` | `traefik` |
| `/traefik/web/address` | `:8081` |
Remember to specify the indexes (`0`,`1`, `2`, ... ) under prefixes `/traefik/defaultentrypoints/` and `/traefik/entrypoints/https/tls/certificates/` in order to match the global configuration structure.
Be careful to give the correct IP address and port on the key `/traefik/consul/endpoint`.
Note that we can either give path to certificate file or directly the file content itself.
## Launch Træfɪk
We will now launch Træfɪk in a container.
We use CLI flags to setup the connection between Træfɪk and Consul.
All the rest of the global configuration is stored in Consul.
Here the [docker-compose file](https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/) :
```yml
traefik:
image: traefik
command: --consul --consul.endpoint=127.0.0.1:8500
ports:
- "80:80"
- "8080:8080"
volumes:
- /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
```
NB : Be careful to give the correct IP address and port in the flag `--consul.endpoint`.
## TLS support
So far, only [Consul](https://consul.io) and [etcd](https://coreos.com/etcd/) support TLS connections.
To set it up, we should enable [consul security](https://www.consul.io/docs/internals/security.html) (or [etcd security](https://coreos.com/etcd/docs/latest/security.html)).
Then, we have to provide CA, Cert and Key to Træfɪk using `consul` flags :
- `--consul.tls`
- `--consul.tls.ca=path/to/the/file`
- `--consul.tls.cert=path/to/the/file`
- `--consul.tls.key=path/to/the/file`
Or etcd flags :
- `--etcd.tls`
- `--etcd.tls.ca=path/to/the/file`
- `--etcd.tls.cert=path/to/the/file`
- `--etcd.tls.key=path/to/the/file`
Note that we can either give directly directly the file content itself (instead of the path to certificate) in a TOML file configuration.
Remember the command `traefik --help` to display the updated list of flags.
# Dynamic configuration in Key-value store
Following our example, we will provide backends/frontends rules to Træfɪk.
Note that this section is independent of the way Træfɪk got its static configuration.
It means that the static configuration can either come from the same Key-value store or from any other sources.
## Key-value storage structure
Here the toml configuration we would like to store in the store :
```toml
[file]
# rules
[backends]
[backends.backend1]
[backends.backend1.circuitbreaker]
expression = "NetworkErrorRatio() > 0.5"
[backends.backend1.servers.server1]
url = "http://172.17.0.2:80"
weight = 10
[backends.backend1.servers.server2]
url = "http://172.17.0.3:80"
weight = 1
[backends.backend2]
[backends.backend1.maxconn]
amount = 10
extractorfunc = "request.host"
[backends.backend2.LoadBalancer]
method = "drr"
[backends.backend2.servers.server1]
url = "http://172.17.0.4:80"
weight = 1
[backends.backend2.servers.server2]
url = "http://172.17.0.5:80"
weight = 2
[frontends]
[frontends.frontend1]
backend = "backend2"
[frontends.frontend1.routes.test_1]
rule = "Host:test.localhost"
[frontends.frontend2]
backend = "backend1"
passHostHeader = true
priority = 10
entrypoints = ["https"] # overrides defaultEntryPoints
[frontends.frontend2.routes.test_1]
rule = "Host:{subdomain:[a-z]+}.localhost"
[frontends.frontend3]
entrypoints = ["http", "https"] # overrides defaultEntryPoints
backend = "backend2"
rule = "Path:/test"
```
And there, the same dynamic configuration in a KV Store (using `prefix = "traefik"`):
- backend 1
| Key | Value |
|--------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------|
| `/traefik/backends/backend1/circuitbreaker/expression` | `NetworkErrorRatio() > 0.5` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend1/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.2:80` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend1/servers/server1/weight` | `10` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend1/servers/server2/url` | `http://172.17.0.3:80` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend1/servers/server2/weight` | `1` |
- backend 2
| Key | Value |
|-----------------------------------------------------|------------------------|
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/maxconn/amount` | `10` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/maxconn/extractorfunc` | `request.host` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/loadbalancer/method` | `drr` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.4:80` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/servers/server1/weight` | `1` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/servers/server2/url` | `http://172.17.0.5:80` |
| `/traefik/backends/backend2/servers/server2/weight` | `2` |
- frontend 1
| Key | Value |
|---------------------------------------------------|-----------------------|
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend1/backend` | `backend2` |
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend1/routes/test_1/rule` | `Host:test.localhost` |
- frontend 2
| Key | Value |
|----------------------------------------------------|--------------------|
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend2/backend` | `backend1` |
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend2/passHostHeader` | `true` |
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend2/priority` | `10` |
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend2/entrypoints` | `http,https` |
| `/traefik/frontends/frontend2/routes/test_2/rule` | `PathPrefix:/test` |
## Atomic configuration changes
Træfɪk can watch the backends/frontends configuration changes and generate its configuration automatically.
Note that only backends/frontends rules are dynamic, the rest of the Træfɪk configuration stay static.
The [Etcd](https://github.com/coreos/etcd/issues/860) and [Consul](https://github.com/hashicorp/consul/issues/886) backends do not support updating multiple keys atomically. As a result, it may be possible for Træfɪk to read an intermediate configuration state despite judicious use of the `--providersThrottleDuration` flag. To solve this problem, Træfɪk supports a special key called `/traefik/alias`. If set, Træfɪk use the value as an alternative key prefix.
Given the key structure below, Træfɪk will use the `http://172.17.0.2:80` as its only backend (frontend keys have been omitted for brevity).
| Key | Value |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------|
| `/traefik/alias` | `/traefik_configurations/1` |
| `/traefik_configurations/1/backends/backend1/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.2:80` |
| `/traefik_configurations/1/backends/backend1/servers/server1/weight` | `10` |
When an atomic configuration change is required, you may write a new configuration at an alternative prefix. Here, although the `/traefik_configurations/2/...` keys have been set, the old configuration is still active because the `/traefik/alias` key still points to `/traefik_configurations/1`:
| Key | Value |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------|
| `/traefik/alias` | `/traefik_configurations/1` |
| `/traefik_configurations/1/backends/backend1/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.2:80` |
| `/traefik_configurations/1/backends/backend1/servers/server1/weight` | `10` |
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.2:80` |
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server1/weight` | `5` |
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server2/url` | `http://172.17.0.3:80` |
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server2/weight` | `5` |
Once the `/traefik/alias` key is updated, the new `/traefik_configurations/2` configuration becomes active atomically. Here, we have a 50% balance between the `http://172.17.0.3:80` and the `http://172.17.0.4:80` hosts while no traffic is sent to the `172.17.0.2:80` host:
| Key | Value |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------|
| `/traefik/alias` | `/traefik_configurations/2` |
| `/traefik_configurations/1/backends/backend1/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.2:80` |
| `/traefik_configurations/1/backends/backend1/servers/server1/weight` | `10` |
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server1/url` | `http://172.17.0.3:80` |
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server1/weight` | `5` |
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server2/url` | `http://172.17.0.4:80` |
| `/traefik_configurations/2/backends/backend1/servers/server2/weight` | `5` |
Note that Træfɪk *will not watch for key changes in the `/traefik_configurations` prefix*. It will only watch for changes in the `/traefik/alias`.
Further, if the `/traefik/alias` key is set, all other configuration with `/traefik/backends` or `/traefik/frontends` prefix are ignored.

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@ -50,4 +50,4 @@ pages:
- 'Configuration examples': 'user-guide/examples.md'
- 'Swarm cluster': 'user-guide/swarm.md'
- 'Kubernetes': 'user-guide/kubernetes.md'
- Benchmarks: benchmarks.md
- 'Key-value store configuration': 'user-guide/kv-config.md'