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doc: clarify usage for ratelimit's excludedIPs

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43
docs/content/middlewares/ratelimit.md
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@ -325,18 +325,45 @@ http:
##### `ipStrategy.excludedIPs`
`excludedIPs` configures Traefik to scan the `X-Forwarded-For` header and select the first IP not in the list.
!!! important "Contrary to what the name might suggest, this option is _not_ about excluding an IP from the rate limiter, and therefore cannot be used to deactivate rate limiting for some IPs."
!!! important "If `depth` is specified, `excludedIPs` is ignored."
!!! example "Example of ExcludedIPs & X-Forwarded-For"
`excludedIPs` is meant to address two classes of somewhat distinct use-cases:
| `X-Forwarded-For` | `excludedIPs` | clientIP |
|-----------------------------------------|-----------------------|--------------|
| `"10.0.0.1,11.0.0.1,12.0.0.1,13.0.0.1"` | `"12.0.0.1,13.0.0.1"` | `"11.0.0.1"` |
| `"10.0.0.1,11.0.0.1,12.0.0.1,13.0.0.1"` | `"15.0.0.1,13.0.0.1"` | `"12.0.0.1"` |
| `"10.0.0.1,11.0.0.1,12.0.0.1,13.0.0.1"` | `"10.0.0.1,13.0.0.1"` | `"12.0.0.1"` |
| `"10.0.0.1,11.0.0.1,12.0.0.1,13.0.0.1"` | `"15.0.0.1,16.0.0.1"` | `"13.0.0.1"` |
1. Distinguish IPs which are behind the same (set of) reverse-proxies so that each of them contributes, independently to the others,
to its own rate-limit "bucket" (cf the [leaky bucket analogy](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaky_bucket)).
In this case, `excludedIPs` should be set to match the list of `X-Forwarded-For IPs` that are to be excluded,
in order to find the actual clientIP.
!!! example "Each IP as a distinct source"
| X-Forwarded-For | excludedIPs | clientIP |
|--------------------------------|-----------------------|--------------|
| `"10.0.0.1,11.0.0.1,12.0.0.1"` | `"11.0.0.1,12.0.0.1"` | `"10.0.0.1"` |
| `"10.0.0.2,11.0.0.1,12.0.0.1"` | `"11.0.0.1,12.0.0.1"` | `"10.0.0.2"` |
2. Group together a set of IPs (also behind a common set of reverse-proxies) so that they are considered the same source,
and all contribute to the same rate-limit bucket.
!!! example "Group IPs together as same source"
| X-Forwarded-For | excludedIPs | clientIP |
|--------------------------------|--------------|--------------|
| `"10.0.0.1,11.0.0.1,12.0.0.1"` | `"12.0.0.1"` | `"11.0.0.1"` |
| `"10.0.0.2,11.0.0.1,12.0.0.1"` | `"12.0.0.1"` | `"11.0.0.1"` |
| `"10.0.0.3,11.0.0.1,12.0.0.1"` | `"12.0.0.1"` | `"11.0.0.1"` |
For completeness, below are additional examples to illustrate how the matching works.
For a given request the list of `X-Forwarded-For` IPs is checked from most recent to most distant against the `excludedIPs` pool,
and the first IP that is _not_ in the pool (if any) is returned.
!!! example "Matching for clientIP"
| X-Forwarded-For | excludedIPs | clientIP |
|--------------------------------|-----------------------|--------------|
| `"10.0.0.1,11.0.0.1,13.0.0.1"` | `"11.0.0.1"` | `"13.0.0.1"` |
| `"10.0.0.1,11.0.0.1,13.0.0.1"` | `"15.0.0.1,16.0.0.1"` | `"13.0.0.1"` |
| `"10.0.0.1,11.0.0.1"` | `"10.0.0.1,11.0.0.1"` | `""` |
```yaml tab="Docker"

4
pkg/config/dynamic/middlewares.go
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@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ type IPStrategy struct {
// Get an IP selection strategy.
// If nil return the RemoteAddr strategy
// else return a strategy base on the configuration using the X-Forwarded-For Header.
// else return a strategy based on the configuration using the X-Forwarded-For Header.
// Depth override the ExcludedIPs.
func (s *IPStrategy) Get() (ip.Strategy, error) {
if s == nil {
@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ func (s *IPStrategy) Get() (ip.Strategy, error) {
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return &ip.CheckerStrategy{
return &ip.PoolStrategy{
Checker: checker,
}, nil
}

16
pkg/ip/strategy.go
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@ -43,14 +43,16 @@ func (s *DepthStrategy) GetIP(req *http.Request) string {
return strings.TrimSpace(xffs[len(xffs)-s.Depth])
}
// CheckerStrategy a strategy based on an IP Checker
// allows to check that addresses are in a trusted IPs.
type CheckerStrategy struct {
// PoolStrategy is a strategy based on an IP Checker.
// It allows to check whether addresses are in a given pool of IPs.
type PoolStrategy struct {
Checker *Checker
}
// GetIP return the selected IP.
func (s *CheckerStrategy) GetIP(req *http.Request) string {
// GetIP checks the list of Forwarded IPs (most recent first) against the
// Checker pool of IPs. It returns the first IP that is not in the pool, or the
// empty string otherwise.
func (s *PoolStrategy) GetIP(req *http.Request) string {
if s.Checker == nil {
return ""
}
@ -60,9 +62,13 @@ func (s *CheckerStrategy) GetIP(req *http.Request) string {
for i := len(xffs) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
xffTrimmed := strings.TrimSpace(xffs[i])
if len(xffTrimmed) == 0 {
continue
}
if contain, _ := s.Checker.Contains(xffTrimmed); !contain {
return xffTrimmed
}
}
return ""
}

25
pkg/ip/strategy_test.go
View file

@ -74,34 +74,35 @@ func TestDepthStrategy_GetIP(t *testing.T) {
}
}
func TestExcludedIPsStrategy_GetIP(t *testing.T) {
func TestTrustedIPsStrategy_GetIP(t *testing.T) {
testCases := []struct {
desc string
excludedIPs []string
trustedIPs []string
xForwardedFor string
expected string
useRemote bool
}{
{
desc: "Use excluded all IPs",
excludedIPs: []string{"10.0.0.4", "10.0.0.3", "10.0.0.2", "10.0.0.1"},
desc: "Trust all IPs",
trustedIPs: []string{"10.0.0.4", "10.0.0.3", "10.0.0.2", "10.0.0.1"},
xForwardedFor: "10.0.0.4,10.0.0.3,10.0.0.2,10.0.0.1",
expected: "",
},
{
desc: "Use excluded IPs",
excludedIPs: []string{"10.0.0.2", "10.0.0.1"},
desc: "Do not trust all IPs",
trustedIPs: []string{"10.0.0.2", "10.0.0.1"},
xForwardedFor: "10.0.0.4,10.0.0.3,10.0.0.2,10.0.0.1",
expected: "10.0.0.3",
},
{
desc: "Use excluded IPs CIDR",
excludedIPs: []string{"10.0.0.1/24"},
desc: "Do not trust all IPs with CIDR",
trustedIPs: []string{"10.0.0.1/24"},
xForwardedFor: "127.0.0.1,10.0.0.4,10.0.0.3,10.0.0.2,10.0.0.1",
expected: "127.0.0.1",
},
{
desc: "Use excluded all IPs CIDR",
excludedIPs: []string{"10.0.0.1/24"},
desc: "Trust all IPs with CIDR",
trustedIPs: []string{"10.0.0.1/24"},
xForwardedFor: "10.0.0.4,10.0.0.3,10.0.0.2,10.0.0.1",
expected: "",
},
@ -112,10 +113,10 @@ func TestExcludedIPsStrategy_GetIP(t *testing.T) {
t.Run(test.desc, func(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
checker, err := NewChecker(test.excludedIPs)
checker, err := NewChecker(test.trustedIPs)
require.NoError(t, err)
strategy := CheckerStrategy{Checker: checker}
strategy := PoolStrategy{Checker: checker}
req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://127.0.0.1", nil)
req.Header.Set(xForwardedFor, test.xForwardedFor)
actual := strategy.GetIP(req)