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# Traefik & Kubernetes
The Kubernetes Ingress Controller, The Custom Resource Way.
{: .subtitle }
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## Configuration Examples
??? example "Configuring KubernetesCRD and Deploying/Exposing Services"
```yaml tab="Resource Definition"
# All resources definition must be declared
--8< -- " content / reference / dynamic-configuration / kubernetes-crd-definition . yml "
```
```yaml tab="RBAC"
--8< -- " content / reference / dynamic-configuration / kubernetes-crd-rbac . yml "
```
```yaml tab="Traefik"
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: traefik-ingress-controller
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
name: traefik
labels:
app: traefik
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: traefik
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: traefik
spec:
serviceAccountName: traefik-ingress-controller
containers:
- name: traefik
image: traefik:v2.1
args:
- --log.level=DEBUG
- --api
- --api.insecure
- --entrypoints.web.address=:80
- --providers.kubernetescrd
ports:
- name: web
containerPort: 80
- name: admin
containerPort: 8080
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: traefik
spec:
type: LoadBalancer
selector:
app: traefik
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
name: web
targetPort: 80
- protocol: TCP
port: 8080
name: admin
targetPort: 8080
```
```yaml tab="IngressRoute"
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: myingressroute
namespace: default
spec:
entryPoints:
- web
routes:
- match: Host(`foo`) && PathPrefix(`/bar`)
kind: Rule
services:
- name: whoami
port: 80
```
```yaml tab="Whoami"
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
name: whoami
namespace: default
labels:
app: containous
name: whoami
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
matchLabels:
app: containous
task: whoami
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: containous
task: whoami
spec:
containers:
- name: containouswhoami
image: containous/whoami
ports:
- containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: whoami
namespace: default
spec:
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
selector:
app: containous
task: whoami
```
## Routing Configuration
### Custom Resource Definition (CRD)
* You can find an exhaustive list, generated from Traefik's source code, of the custom resources and their attributes in [the reference page ](../../reference/dynamic-configuration/kubernetes-crd.md ).
* Validate that [the prerequisites ](../../providers/kubernetes-crd.md#configuration-requirements ) are fulfilled before using the Traefik custom resources.
* Traefik CRDs are building blocks that you can assemble according to your needs.
You can find an excerpt of the available custom resources in the table below:
| Kind | Purpose | Concept Behind |
|------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------|
| [IngressRoute ](#kind-ingressroute ) | HTTP Routing | [HTTP router ](../routers/index.md#configuring-http-routers ) |
| [Middleware ](#kind-middleware ) | Tweaks the HTTP requests before they are sent to your service | [HTTP Middlewares ](../../middlewares/overview.md ) |
| [TraefikService ](#kind-traefikservice ) | Abstraction for HTTP loadbalancing/mirroring | [HTTP service ](../services/index.md#configuring-http-services ) |
| [IngressRouteTCP ](#kind-ingressroutetcp ) | TCP Routing | [TCP router ](../routers/index.md#configuring-tcp-routers ) |
| [TLSOptions ](#kind-tlsoption ) | Allows to configure some parameters of the TLS connection | [TLSOptions ](../../https/tls.md#tls-options ) |
### Kind: `IngressRoute`
`IngressRoute` is the CRD implementation of a [Traefik HTTP router ](../routers/index.md#configuring-http-routers ).
Register the `IngressRoute` kind in the Kubernetes cluster before creating `IngressRoute` objects.
!!! info "IngressRoute Attributes"
```yaml
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: foo
namespace: bar
spec:
entryPoints: # [1]
- foo
routes: # [2]
- kind: Rule
match: Host(`test.domain.com`) # [3]
priority: 10 # [4]
middlewares: # [5]
- name: middleware1 # [6]
namespace: default # [7]
services: # [8]
- kind: Service
name: foo
namespace: default
passHostHeader: true
port: 80
responseForwarding:
flushInterval: 1ms
scheme: https
sticky:
cookie:
httpOnly: true
name: cookie
secure: true
strategy: RoundRobin
weight: 10
tls: # [9]
secretName: supersecret # [10]
options: # [11]
name: opt # [12]
namespace: default # [13]
certResolver: foo # [14]
domains: # [15]
- main: foo.com # [16]
sans: # [17]
- a.foo.com
- b.foo.com
```
| Ref | Attribute | Purpose |
|------|----------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| [1] | `entryPoints` | List of [entry points ](../routers/index.md#entrypoints ) name |
| [2] | `routes` | List of route |
| [3] | `routes[n].match` | Defines the [rule ](../routers/index.md#rule ) corresponding to an underlying router. |
| [4] | `routes[n].priority` | [Disambiguate ](../routers/index.md#priority ) rules of the same length, for route matching |
| [5] | `routes[n].middlewares` | List of reference to [Middleware ](#kind-middleware ) |
| [6] | `middlewares[n].name` | Defines the [Middleware ](#kind-middleware ) name |
| [7] | `middlewares[n].namespace` | Defines the [Middleware ](#kind-middleware ) namespace |
| [8] | `routes[n].services` | List of any combination of [TraefikService ](#kind-traefikservice ) and reference to a [Kubernetes service ](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/ ) |
| [9] | `tls` | Defines [TLS ](../routers/index.md#tls ) certificate configuration |
| [10] | `tls.secretName` | Defines the [secret ](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/secret/ ) name used to store the certificate (in the `IngressRoute` namespace) |
| [11] | `tls.options` | Defines the reference to a [TLSOption ](#kind-tlsoption ) |
| [12] | `options.name` | Defines the [TLSOption ](#kind-tlsoption ) name |
| [13] | `options.namespace` | Defines the [TLSOption ](#kind-tlsoption ) namespace |
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| [14] | `tls.certResolver` | Defines the reference to a [CertResolver ](../routers/index.md#certresolver ) |
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| [15] | `tls.domains` | List of [domains ](../routers/index.md#domains ) |
| [16] | `domains[n].main` | Defines the main domain name |
| [17] | `domains[n].sans` | List of SANs (alternative domains) |
??? example "Declaring an IngressRoute"
```yaml tab="IngressRoute"
# All resources definition must be declared
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: testName
namespace: default
spec:
entryPoints:
- web
routes:
- kind: Rule
match: Host(`test.domain.com`)
middlewares:
- name: middleware1
namespace: default
priority: 10
services:
- kind: Service
name: foo
namespace: default
passHostHeader: true
port: 80
responseForwarding:
flushInterval: 1ms
scheme: https
sticky:
cookie:
httpOnly: true
name: cookie
secure: true
strategy: RoundRobin
weight: 10
tls:
certResolver: foo
domains:
- main: foo.com
sans:
- a.foo.com
- b.foo.com
options:
name: opt
namespace: default
secretName: supersecret
```
```yaml tab="Middlewares"
# All resources definition must be declared
# Prefixing with /foo
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: Middleware
metadata:
name: middleware1
namespace: default
spec:
addPrefix:
prefix: /foo
```
```yaml tab="TLSOption"
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: TLSOption
metadata:
name: opt
namespace: default
spec:
minVersion: VersionTLS12
```
```yaml tab="Secret"
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: supersecret
data:
tls.crt: LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBDRVJUSUZJQ0FURS0tLS0tCi0tLS0tRU5EIENFUlRJRklDQVRFLS0tLS0=
tls.key: LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBQUklWQVRFIEtFWS0tLS0tCi0tLS0tRU5EIFBSSVZBVEUgS0VZLS0tLS0=
```
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!!! important "Configuring Backend Protocol"
There are 3 ways to configure the backend protocol for communication between Traefik and your pods:
- Setting the scheme explicitly (http/https/h2c)
- Configuring the name of the kubernetes service port to start with https (https)
- Setting the kubernetes service port to use port 443 (https)
If you do not configure the above, Traefik will assume an http connection.
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### Kind: `Middleware`
`Middleware` is the CRD implementation of a [Traefik middleware ](../../middlewares/overview.md ).
Register the `Middleware` kind in the Kubernetes cluster before creating `Middleware` objects or referencing middlewares in the [`IngressRoute` ](#kind-ingressroute ) objects.
??? "Declaring and Referencing a Middleware"
```yaml tab="Middleware"
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: Middleware
metadata:
name: stripprefix
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namespace: foo
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spec:
stripPrefix:
prefixes:
- /stripit
```
```yaml tab="IngressRoute"
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: ingressroutebar
spec:
entryPoints:
- web
routes:
- match: Host(`bar.com`) && PathPrefix(`/stripit`)
kind: Rule
services:
- name: whoami
port: 80
middlewares:
- name: stripprefix
namespace: foo
```
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!!! important "Cross-provider namespace"
As Kubernetes also has its own notion of namespace, one should not confuse the kubernetes namespace of a resource
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(in the reference to the middleware) with the [provider namespace ](../../middlewares/overview.md#provider-namespace ),
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when the definition of the middleware comes from another provider.
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In this context, specifying a namespace when referring to the resource does not make any sense, and will be ignored.
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More information about available middlewares in the dedicated [middlewares section ](../../middlewares/overview.md ).
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### Kind: `TraefikService`
`TraefikService` is the CRD implementation of a ["Traefik Service" ](../services/index.md ).
Register the `TraefikService` kind in the Kubernetes cluster before creating `TraefikService` objects,
referencing services in the [`IngressRoute` ](#kind-ingressroute )/[`IngressRouteTCP`](#kind-ingressroutetcp) objects or recursively in others `TraefikService` objects.
!!! info "Disambiguate Traefik and Kubernetes Services "
As the field `name` can reference different types of objects, use the field `kind` to avoid any ambiguity.
The field `kind` allows the following values:
* `Service` (default value): to reference a [Kubernetes Service ](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/ )
* `TraefikService` : to reference another [Traefik Service ](../services/index.md )
`TraefikService` object allows to use any (valid) combinations of:
* servers [load balancing ](#server-load-balancing ).
* services [Weighted Round Robin ](#weighted-round-robin ) load balancing.
* services [mirroring ](#mirroring ).
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#### Server Load Balancing
More information in the dedicated server [load balancing ](../services/index.md#load-balancing ) section.
??? "Declaring and Using Server Load Balancing"
```yaml tab="IngressRoute"
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: ingressroutebar
namespace: default
spec:
entryPoints:
- web
routes:
- match: Host(`bar.com`) && PathPrefix(`/foo`)
kind: Rule
services:
- name: svc1
namespace: default
- name: svc2
namespace: default
```
```yaml tab="K8s Service"
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: svc1
namespace: default
spec:
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
selector:
app: containous
task: app1
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: svc2
namespace: default
spec:
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
selector:
app: containous
task: app2
```
#### Weighted Round Robin
More information in the dedicated [Weighted Round Robin ](../services/index.md#weighted-round-robin-service ) service load balancing section.
??? "Declaring and Using Weighted Round Robin"
```yaml tab="IngressRoute"
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: ingressroutebar
namespace: default
spec:
entryPoints:
- web
routes:
- match: Host(`bar.com`) && PathPrefix(`/foo`)
kind: Rule
services:
- name: wrr1
namespace: default
kind: TraefikService
```
```yaml tab="Weighted Round Robin"
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
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kind: TraefikService
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metadata:
name: wrr1
namespace: default
spec:
weighted:
services:
- name: svc1
port: 80
weight: 1
- name: wrr2
kind: TraefikService
weight: 1
- name: mirror1
kind: TraefikService
weight: 1
---
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: TraefikService
metadata:
name: wrr2
namespace: default
spec:
weighted:
services:
- name: svc2
port: 80
weight: 1
- name: svc3
port: 80
weight: 1
```
```yaml tab="K8s Service"
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: svc1
namespace: default
spec:
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
selector:
app: containous
task: app1
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: svc2
namespace: default
spec:
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
selector:
app: containous
task: app2
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: svc3
namespace: default
spec:
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
selector:
app: containous
task: app3
```
#### Mirroring
More information in the dedicated [mirroring ](../services/index.md#mirroring-service ) service section.
??? "Declaring and Using Mirroring"
```yaml tab="IngressRoute"
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: ingressroutebar
namespace: default
spec:
entryPoints:
- web
routes:
- match: Host(`bar.com`) && PathPrefix(`/foo`)
kind: Rule
services:
- name: mirror1
namespace: default
kind: TraefikService
```
```yaml tab="Mirroring k8s Service"
# Mirroring from a k8s Service
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: TraefikService
metadata:
name: mirror1
namespace: default
spec:
mirroring:
name: svc1
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port: 80
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mirrors:
- name: svc2
port: 80
percent: 20
- name: svc3
kind: TraefikService
percent: 20
```
```yaml tab="Mirroring Traefik Service"
# Mirroring from a Traefik Service
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: TraefikService
metadata:
name: mirror1
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namespace: default
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spec:
mirroring:
name: wrr1
kind: TraefikService
mirrors:
- name: svc2
port: 80
percent: 20
- name: svc3
kind: TraefikService
percent: 20
```
```yaml tab="K8s Service"
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: svc1
namespace: default
spec:
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
selector:
app: containous
task: app1
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: svc2
namespace: default
spec:
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
selector:
app: containous
task: app2
```
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!!! important "References and namespaces"
If the optional `namespace` attribute is not set, the configuration will be applied with the namespace of the current resource.
Additionally, when the definition of the `TraefikService` is from another provider,
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the cross-provider syntax (`service@provider`) should be used to refer to the `TraefikService` , just as in the middleware case.
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Specifying a namespace attribute in this case would not make any sense, and will be ignored (except if the provider is `kubernetescrd` ).
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### Kind `IngressRouteTCP`
`IngressRouteTCP` is the CRD implementation of a [Traefik TCP router ](../routers/index.md#configuring-tcp-routers ).
Register the `IngressRouteTCP` kind in the Kubernetes cluster before creating `IngressRouteTCP` objects.
!!! info "IngressRouteTCP Attributes"
```yaml
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRouteTCP
metadata:
name: ingressroutetcpfoo
spec:
entryPoints: # [1]
- footcp
routes: # [2]
- match: HostSNI(`*`) # [3]
services: # [4]
- name: foo # [5]
port: 8080 # [6]
weight: 10 # [7]
TerminationDelay: 400 # [8]
tls: # [9]
secretName: supersecret # [10]
options: # [11]
name: opt # [12]
namespace: default # [13]
certResolver: foo # [14]
domains: # [15]
- main: foo.com # [16]
sans: # [17]
- a.foo.com
- b.foo.com
passthrough: false # [18]
```
| Ref | Attribute | Purpose |
|------|--------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| [1] | `entryPoints` | List of [entrypoints ](../routers/index.md#entrypoints_1 ) name |
| [2] | `routes` | List of route |
| [3] | `routes[n].match` | Defines the [rule ](../routers/index.md#rule_1 ) corresponding to an underlying router. |
| [4] | `routes[n].services` | List of any combination of [TraefikService ](#kind-traefikservice ) and reference to a [Kubernetes service ](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/ ) |
| [5] | `services[n].name` | Defines the name of a [Kubernetes service ](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/ ) |
| [6] | `services[n].port` | Defines the port of a [Kubernetes service ](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/ ) |
| [7] | `services[n].weight` | Defines the weight to apply to the server load balancing |
| [8] | `services[n].TerminationDelay` | corresponds to the deadline that the proxy sets, after one of its connected peers indicates it has closed the writing capability of its connection, to close the reading capability as well, hence fully terminating the connection.< br /> It is a duration in milliseconds, defaulting to 100. A negative value means an infinite deadline (i.e. the reading capability is never closed). |
| [9] | `tls` | Defines [TLS ](../routers/index.md#tls_1 ) certificate configuration |
| [10] | `tls.secretName` | Defines the [secret ](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/secret/ ) name used to store the certificate (in the `IngressRoute` namespace) |
| [11] | `tls.options` | Defines the reference to a [TLSOption ](#kind-tlsoption ) |
| [12] | `options.name` | Defines the [TLSOption ](#kind-tlsoption ) name |
| [13] | `options.namespace` | Defines the [TLSOption ](#kind-tlsoption ) namespace |
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| [14] | `tls.certResolver` | Defines the reference to a [CertResolver ](../routers/index.md#certresolver_1 ) |
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| [15] | `tls.domains` | List of [domains ](../routers/index.md#domains_1 ) |
| [16] | `domains[n].main` | Defines the main domain name |
| [17] | `domains[n].sans` | List of SANs (alternative domains) |
| [18] | `tls.passthrough` | If `true` , delegates the TLS termination to the backend |
??? example "Declaring an IngressRouteTCP"
```yaml tab="IngressRouteTCP"
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRouteTCP
metadata:
name: ingressroutetcpfoo
spec:
entryPoints:
- footcp
routes:
# Match is the rule corresponding to an underlying router.
- match: HostSNI(`*`)
services:
- name: foo
port: 8080
TerminationDelay: 400
weight: 10
- name: bar
port: 8081
TerminationDelay: 500
weight: 10
tls:
certResolver: foo
domains:
- main: foo.com
sans:
- a.foo.com
- b.foo.com
options:
name: opt
namespace: default
secretName: supersecret
passthrough: false
```
```yaml tab="TLSOption"
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: TLSOption
metadata:
name: opt
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namespace: default
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spec:
minVersion: VersionTLS12
```
```yaml tab="Secret"
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: supersecret
data:
tls.crt: LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBDRVJUSUZJQ0FURS0tLS0tCi0tLS0tRU5EIENFUlRJRklDQVRFLS0tLS0=
tls.key: LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBQUklWQVRFIEtFWS0tLS0tCi0tLS0tRU5EIFBSSVZBVEUgS0VZLS0tLS0=
```
### Kind: `TLSOption`
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`TLSOption` is the CRD implementation of a [Traefik "TLS Option" ](../../https/tls.md#tls-options ).
Register the `TLSOption` kind in the Kubernetes cluster before creating `TLSOption` objects
or referencing TLS options in the [`IngressRoute` ](#kind-ingressroute ) / [`IngressRouteTCP` ](#kind-ingressroutetcp ) objects.
!!! info "TLSOption Attributes"
```yaml tab="TLSOption"
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: TLSOption
metadata:
name: mytlsoption
namespace: default
spec:
minVersion: VersionTLS12 # [1]
maxVersion: VersionTLS13 # [1]
curvePreferences: # [3]
- CurveP521
- CurveP384
cipherSuites: # [4]
- TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
- TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
clientAuth: # [5]
secretNames: # [6]
- secretCA1
- secretCA2
clientAuthType: VerifyClientCertIfGiven # [7]
sniStrict: true # [8]
```
| Ref | Attribute | Purpose |
|-----|-----------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| [1] | `minVersion` | Defines the [minimum TLS version ](../../https/tls.md#minimum-tls-version ) that is acceptable |
| [2] | `maxVersion` | Defines the [maximum TLS version ](../../https/tls.md#maximum-tls-version ) that is acceptable |
| [3] | `cipherSuites` | list of supported [cipher suites ](../../https/tls.md#cipher-suites ) for TLS versions up to TLS 1.2 |
| [4] | `curvePreferences` | List of the [elliptic curves references ](../../https/tls.md#curve-preferences ) that will be used in an ECDHE handshake, in preference order |
| [5] | `clientAuth` | determines the server's policy for TLS [Client Authentication ](../../https/tls.md#client-authentication-mtls ) |
| [6] | `clientAuth.secretNames` | list of names of the referenced Kubernetes [Secrets ](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/secret/ ) (in TLSOption namespace) |
| [7] | `clientAuth.clientAuthType` | defines the client authentication type to apply. The available values are: `NoClientCert` , `RequestClientCert` , `VerifyClientCertIfGiven` and `RequireAndVerifyClientCert` |
| [8] | `sniStrict` | if `true` , Traefik won't allow connections from clients connections that do not specify a server_name extension |
??? example "Declaring and referencing a TLSOption"
```yaml tab="TLSOption"
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: TLSOption
metadata:
name: mytlsoption
namespace: default
spec:
minVersion: VersionTLS12
sniStrict: true
cipherSuites:
- TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
- TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
clientAuth:
secretNames:
- secretCA1
- secretCA2
clientAuthType: VerifyClientCertIfGiven
```
```yaml tab="IngressRoute"
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
name: ingressroutebar
spec:
entryPoints:
- web
routes:
- match: Host(`bar.com`) && PathPrefix(`/stripit`)
kind: Rule
services:
- name: whoami
port: 80
tls:
options:
name: mytlsoption
namespace: default
```
```yaml tab="Secrets"
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: secretCA1
namespace: default
data:
tls.ca: LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBDRVJUSUZJQ0FURS0tLS0tCi0tLS0tRU5EIENFUlRJRklDQVRFLS0tLS0=
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: secretCA2
namespace: default
data:
tls.ca: LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBDRVJUSUZJQ0FURS0tLS0tCi0tLS0tRU5EIENFUlRJRklDQVRFLS0tLS0=
```
2019-09-23 12:32:04 +00:00
!!! important "References and namespaces"
If the optional `namespace` attribute is not set, the configuration will be applied with the namespace of the IngressRoute.
Additionally, when the definition of the TLS option is from another provider,
2019-09-23 16:58:03 +00:00
the cross-provider syntax (`middlewarename@provider`) should be used to refer to the TLS option,
just as in the [middleware case ](../../middlewares/overview.md#provider-namespace ).
Specifying a namespace attribute in this case would not make any sense, and will be ignored.
2019-09-23 12:32:04 +00:00
## Further
Also see the [full example ](../../user-guides/crd-acme/index.md ) with Let's Encrypt.
