description: "Learn how to achieve configuration discovery in Traefik through Docker Swarm. Read the technical documentation."
---
# Traefik & Docker Swarm
A Story of Labels & Containers
{: .subtitle }
Attach labels to your containers and let Traefik do the rest!
This provider works with [Docker Swarm Mode](https://docs.docker.com/engine/swarm/).
!!! tip "The Quick Start Uses Docker"
If you have not already read it, maybe you would like to go through the [quick start guide](../getting-started/quick-start.md) that uses the Docker provider.
Please note that any tool like Nomad, Terraform, Ansible, etc.
that is able to define a Docker container with labels can work
with Traefik and the Swarm provider.
While in Swarm Mode, Traefik uses labels found on services, not on individual containers.
Therefore, if you use a compose file with Swarm Mode, labels should be defined in the
[`deploy`](https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/compose-file-v3/#labels-1) part of your service.
This behavior is only enabled for docker-compose version 3+ ([Compose file reference](https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/compose-file-v3/)).
### Port Detection
Traefik retrieves the private IP and port of containers from the Docker API.
Docker Swarm does not provide any port detection information to Traefik.
Therefore, you **must** specify the port to use for communication by using the label `traefik.http.services.<service_name>.loadbalancer.server.port`
(Check the reference for this label in the [routing section for Swarm](../routing/providers/swarm.md#services)).
### Host networking
When exposing containers that are configured with [host networking](https://docs.docker.com/network/host/),
the IP address of the host is resolved as follows:
<!-- TODO: verify and document the swarm mode case with container.Node.IPAddress coming from the API -->
- try a lookup of `host.docker.internal`
- if the lookup was unsuccessful, try a lookup of `host.containers.internal`, ([Podman](https://docs.podman.io/en/latest/) equivalent of `host.docker.internal`)
- if that lookup was also unsuccessful, fall back to `127.0.0.1`
On Linux, for versions of Docker older than 20.10.0, for `host.docker.internal` to be defined, it should be provided
as an `extra_host` to the Traefik container, using the `--add-host` flag. For example, to set it to the IP address of
the bridge interface (`docker0` by default): `--add-host=host.docker.internal:172.17.0.1`
### IPv4 && IPv6
When using a docker stack that uses IPv6,
Traefik will use the IPv4 container IP before its IPv6 counterpart.
Therefore, on an IPv6 Docker stack,
Traefik will use the IPv6 container IP.
### Docker API Access
Traefik requires access to the docker socket to get its dynamic configuration.
You can specify which Docker API Endpoint to use with the directive [`endpoint`](#endpoint).
!!! warning "Security Note"
Accessing the Docker API without any restriction is a security concern:
If Traefik is attacked, then the attacker might get access to the underlying host.
{: #security-note }
As explained in the [Docker Daemon Attack Surface documentation](https://docs.docker.com/engine/security/#docker-daemon-attack-surface):
!!! quote
[...] only **trusted** users should be allowed to control your Docker daemon [...]
??? success "Solutions"
Expose the Docker socket over TCP or SSH, instead of the default Unix socket file.
It allows different implementation levels of the [AAA (Authentication, Authorization, Accounting) concepts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AAA_(computer_security)), depending on your security assessment:
- Authentication with Client Certificates as described in ["Protect the Docker daemon socket."](https://docs.docker.com/engine/security/protect-access/)
- Authorize and filter requests to restrict possible actions with [the TecnativaDocker Socket Proxy](https://github.com/Tecnativa/docker-socket-proxy).
- Authorization with the [Docker Authorization Plugin Mechanism](https://web.archive.org/web/20190920092526/https://docs.docker.com/engine/extend/plugins_authorization/)
- Accounting at networking level, by exposing the socket only inside a Docker private network, only available for Traefik.
- Accounting at container level, by exposing the socket on a another container than Traefik's.
It allows scheduling of Traefik on worker nodes, with only the "socket exposer" container on the manager nodes.
- Accounting at kernel level, by enforcing kernel calls with mechanisms like [SELinux](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security-Enhanced_Linux), to only allows an identified set of actions for Traefik's process (or the "socket exposer" process).
- SSH public key authentication (SSH is supported with Docker > 18.09)
- ["Paranoid about mounting /var/run/docker.sock?"](https://medium.com/@containeroo/traefik-2-0-paranoid-about-mounting-var-run-docker-sock-22da9cb3e78c)
- [Traefik and Docker: A Discussion with Docker Captain, Bret Fisher](https://blog.traefik.io/traefik-and-docker-a-discussion-with-docker-captain-bret-fisher-7f0b9a54ff88)
- [KubeCon EU 2018 Keynote, Running with Scissors, from Liz Rice](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ltrV-Qmh3oY)
- [Don't expose the Docker socket (not even to a container)](https://www.lvh.io/posts/dont-expose-the-docker-socket-not-even-to-a-container/)
- [A thread on Stack Overflow about sharing the `/var/run/docker.sock` file](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17983623)
- [To DinD or not to DinD](https://blog.loof.fr/2018/01/to-dind-or-not-do-dind.html)
- [Traefik issue GH-4174 about security with Docker socket](https://github.com/traefik/traefik/issues/4174)
- [Inspecting Docker Activity with Socat](https://developers.redhat.com/blog/2015/02/25/inspecting-docker-activity-with-socat/)
- [Letting Traefik run on Worker Nodes](https://blog.mikesir87.io/2018/07/letting-traefik-run-on-worker-nodes/)
- [Docker Socket Proxy from Tecnativa](https://github.com/Tecnativa/docker-socket-proxy)
Since the Swarm API is only exposed on the [manager nodes](https://docs.docker.com/engine/swarm/how-swarm-mode-works/nodes/#manager-nodes),
these are the nodes that Traefik should be scheduled on by deploying Traefik with a constraint on the node "role":
```shell tab="With Docker CLI"
docker service create \
--constraint=node.role==manager \
#... \
```
```yml tab="With Docker Compose"
version: '3'
services:
traefik:
# ...
deploy:
placement:
constraints:
- node.role == manager
```
!!! tip "Scheduling Traefik on Worker Nodes"
Following the guidelines given in the previous section ["Docker API Access"](#docker-api-access),
if you expose the Docker API through TCP, then Traefik can be scheduled on any node if the TCP
socket is reachable.
Please consider the security implications by reading the [Security Note](#security-note).
A good example can be found on [Bret Fisher's repository](https://github.com/BretFisher/dogvscat/blob/master/stack-proxy-global.yml#L124).
### `endpoint`
_Required, Default="unix:///var/run/docker.sock"_
See the [Docker Swarm API Access](#docker-api-access) section for more information.
??? example "Using the docker.sock"
The docker-compose file shares the docker sock with the Traefik container
Traefik routes requests to the IP/port of the matching container.
When setting `useBindPortIP=true`, you tell Traefik to use the IP/Port attached to the container's _binding_ instead of its inner network IP/Port.
When used in conjunction with the `traefik.http.services.<name>.loadbalancer.server.port` label (that tells Traefik to route requests to a specific port),
Traefik tries to find a binding on port `traefik.http.services.<name>.loadbalancer.server.port`.
If it cannot find such a binding, Traefik falls back on the internal network IP of the container,
but still uses the `traefik.http.services.<name>.loadbalancer.server.port` that is set in the label.
??? example "Examples of `usebindportip` in different situations."
This option can be overridden on a per-container basis with the `traefik.docker.network` [routing label](../routing/providers/swarm.md#traefikdockernetwork).
!!! warning
The Docker Swarm provider still uses the same per-container mechanism as the Docker provider, so therefore the label still uses the `docker` keyword intentionally.
