Merge https://github.com/ollama/ollama

2024-08-14 21:04:15 +05:30 · 2024-08-14 21:04:15 +05:30 · 9e08c23ba9
commit 9e08c23ba9
parent f2d1c842ad 0a8d6ea86d
50 changed files with 1245 additions and 771 deletions
--- a/.gitattributes
+++ b/.gitattributes
@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 llm/ext_server/* linguist-vendored
-* text eol=lf
+* text=auto
+*.go text eol=lf
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yaml
@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ jobs:
          security set-keychain-settings -lut 3600 build.keychain
      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: "stable"
+          go-version-file: go.mod
          cache: true
      - name: Build Darwin
        env:
@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ jobs:
          write-host "plugin installed"
      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: "stable"
+          go-version-file: go.mod
          cache: true
      - run: go get ./...
      - run: |
@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ jobs:
          write-host "plugin installed"
      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: "stable"
+          go-version-file: go.mod
          cache: true
      - name: 'Install ROCm'
        run: |
@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ jobs:
          write-host "plugin installed"
      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: "stable"
+          go-version-file: go.mod
          cache: true
      - name: 'Install CUDA'
        run: |
@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ jobs:
          write-host "plugin installed"
      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: "stable"
+          go-version-file: go.mod
          cache: true
      - run: go get
      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yaml
@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: "stable"
+          go-version-file: go.mod
          cache: true
      - run: go get ./...
      - run: |
@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: "stable"
+          go-version-file: go.mod
          cache: true
      - name: 'Install ROCm'
        run: |
@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: "stable"
+          go-version-file: go.mod
          cache: true
      - name: 'Install CUDA'
        run: |
@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ jobs:
          submodules: recursive
      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: "stable"
+          go-version-file: go.mod
          cache: false
      - run: |
          case ${{ matrix.arch }} in
@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ jobs:
          submodules: recursive
      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: "stable"
+          go-version-file: go.mod
          cache: true
      - run: |
          case ${{ matrix.arch }} in
--- a/.golangci.yaml
+++ b/.golangci.yaml
@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ linters:
    - nosprintfhostport
    - staticcheck
    - tenv
-    - testifylint
    - unconvert
    - unused
    - usestdlibvars
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -325,6 +325,7 @@ See the [API documentation](./docs/api.md) for all endpoints.
 - [tlm](https://github.com/yusufcanb/tlm)
 - [podman-ollama](https://github.com/ericcurtin/podman-ollama)
 - [gollama](https://github.com/sammcj/gollama)
+- [Ollama eBook Summary](https://github.com/cognitivetech/ollama-ebook-summary/)

 ### Database

--- a/api/client.go
+++ b/api/client.go
@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ func (c *Client) List(ctx context.Context) (*ListResponse, error) {
 	return &lr, nil
 }

-// List running models.
+// ListRunning lists running models.
 func (c *Client) ListRunning(ctx context.Context) (*ProcessResponse, error) {
 	var lr ProcessResponse
 	if err := c.do(ctx, http.MethodGet, "/api/ps", nil, &lr); err != nil {
@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ func (c *Client) Show(ctx context.Context, req *ShowRequest) (*ShowResponse, err
 	return &resp, nil
 }

-// Hearbeat checks if the server has started and is responsive; if yes, it
+// Heartbeat checks if the server has started and is responsive; if yes, it
 // returns nil, otherwise an error.
 func (c *Client) Heartbeat(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if err := c.do(ctx, http.MethodHead, "/", nil, nil); err != nil {
--- a/api/types.go
+++ b/api/types.go
@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ func (opts *Options) FromMap(m map[string]interface{}) error {
 	for key, val := range m {
 		opt, ok := jsonOpts[key]
 		if !ok {
-			slog.Warn("invalid option provided", "option", opt.Name)
+			slog.Warn("invalid option provided", "option", key)
 			continue
 		}

--- a/app/tray/wintray/menus.go
+++ b/app/tray/wintray/menus.go
@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ import (
 )

 const (
-	updatAvailableMenuID = 1
-	updateMenuID         = updatAvailableMenuID + 1
+	updateAvailableMenuID = 1
+	updateMenuID          = updateAvailableMenuID + 1
 	separatorMenuID       = updateMenuID + 1
 	diagLogsMenuID        = separatorMenuID + 1
 	diagSeparatorMenuID   = diagLogsMenuID + 1
@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ func (t *winTray) initMenus() error {
 func (t *winTray) UpdateAvailable(ver string) error {
 	if !t.updateNotified {
 		slog.Debug("updating menu and sending notification for new update")
-		if err := t.addOrUpdateMenuItem(updatAvailableMenuID, 0, updateAvailableMenuTitle, true); err != nil {
+		if err := t.addOrUpdateMenuItem(updateAvailableMenuID, 0, updateAvailableMenuTitle, true); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("unable to create menu entries %w", err)
 		}
 		if err := t.addOrUpdateMenuItem(updateMenuID, 0, updateMenutTitle, false); err != nil {
--- a/cmd/cmd.go
+++ b/cmd/cmd.go
@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"runtime"
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"

@ -78,6 +79,7 @@ func CreateHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	status := "transferring model data"
 	spinner := progress.NewSpinner(status)
 	p.Add(status, spinner)
+	defer p.Stop()

 	for i := range modelfile.Commands {
 		switch modelfile.Commands[i].Name {
@ -112,7 +114,7 @@ func CreateHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 				path = tempfile
 			}

-			digest, err := createBlob(cmd, client, path)
+			digest, err := createBlob(cmd, client, path, spinner)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@ -263,13 +265,20 @@ func tempZipFiles(path string) (string, error) {
 	return tempfile.Name(), nil
 }

-func createBlob(cmd *cobra.Command, client *api.Client, path string) (string, error) {
+func createBlob(cmd *cobra.Command, client *api.Client, path string, spinner *progress.Spinner) (string, error) {
 	bin, err := os.Open(path)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
 	defer bin.Close()

+	// Get file info to retrieve the size
+	fileInfo, err := bin.Stat()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	fileSize := fileInfo.Size()
+
 	hash := sha256.New()
 	if _, err := io.Copy(hash, bin); err != nil {
 		return "", err
@ -279,13 +288,43 @@ func createBlob(cmd *cobra.Command, client *api.Client, path string) (string, er
 		return "", err
 	}

+	var pw progressWriter
+	status := "transferring model data 0%"
+	spinner.SetMessage(status)
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	defer close(done)
+
+	go func() {
+		ticker := time.NewTicker(60 * time.Millisecond)
+		defer ticker.Stop()
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-ticker.C:
+				spinner.SetMessage(fmt.Sprintf("transferring model data %d%%", int(100*pw.n.Load()/fileSize)))
+			case <-done:
+				spinner.SetMessage("transferring model data 100%")
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
 	digest := fmt.Sprintf("sha256:%x", hash.Sum(nil))
-	if err = client.CreateBlob(cmd.Context(), digest, bin); err != nil {
+	if err = client.CreateBlob(cmd.Context(), digest, io.TeeReader(bin, &pw)); err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
 	return digest, nil
 }

+type progressWriter struct {
+	n atomic.Int64
+}
+
+func (w *progressWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	w.n.Add(int64(len(p)))
+	return len(p), nil
+}
+
 func RunHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	interactive := true

@ -1086,7 +1125,7 @@ func generate(cmd *cobra.Command, opts runOptions) error {
 	return nil
 }

-func RunServer(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+func RunServer(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
 	if err := initializeKeypair(); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
--- a/convert/convert.go
+++ b/convert/convert.go
@ -27,6 +27,10 @@ func (Parameters) KV(t *Tokenizer) llm.KV {
 		"tokenizer.ggml.token_type":    t.Vocabulary.Types,
 	}

+	if len(t.Merges) > 0 {
+		kv["tokenizer.ggml.merges"] = t.Merges
+	}
+
 	if t.Template != "" {
 		kv["tokenizer.chat_template"] = t.Template
 	}
@ -89,6 +93,8 @@ func Convert(fsys fs.FS, ws io.WriteSeeker) error {
 		conv = &mixtral{}
 	case "GemmaForCausalLM":
 		conv = &gemma{}
+	case "Phi3ForCausalLM":
+		conv = &phi3{}
 	default:
 		return errors.New("unsupported architecture")
 	}
--- a/convert/convert_llama.go
+++ b/convert/convert_llama.go
@ -90,10 +90,6 @@ func (p *llama) KV(t *Tokenizer) llm.KV {
 		kv["llama.attention.value_length"] = p.HeadDim
 	}

-	if len(t.Merges) > 0 {
-		kv["tokenizer.ggml.merges"] = t.Merges
-	}
-
 	return kv
 }

--- a/convert/convert_phi3.go
+++ b/convert/convert_phi3.go
@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+package convert
+
+import (
+	"cmp"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"io"
+	"math"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/llm"
+)
+
+type phi3 struct {
+	Parameters
+	NumHiddenLayers   uint32  `json:"num_hidden_layers"`
+	NLayers           uint32  `json:"n_layers"`
+	HiddenSize        uint32  `json:"hidden_size"`
+	NEmbd             uint32  `json:"n_embd"`
+	IntermediateSize  uint32  `json:"intermediate_size"`
+	NumAttentionHeads uint32  `json:"num_attention_heads"`
+	NHead             uint32  `json:"n_head"`
+	NumKeyValueHeads  uint32  `json:"num_key_value_heads"`
+	NHeadKV           uint32  `json:"n_head_kv"`
+	RopeTheta         float32 `json:"rope_theta"`
+	RopeScaling       struct {
+		Type        string     `json:"type"`
+		LongFactor  ropeFactor `json:"long_factor"`
+		ShortFactor ropeFactor `json:"short_factor"`
+	} `json:"rope_scaling"`
+	RMSNormEPS                    float32 `json:"rms_norm_eps"`
+	NPositions                    uint32  `json:"n_positions"`
+	MaxPositionEmbeddings         uint32  `json:"max_position_embeddings"`
+	OriginalMaxPositionEmbeddings uint32  `json:"original_max_position_embeddings"`
+	SlidingWindow                 uint32  `json:"sliding_window"`
+}
+
+var _ Converter = (*phi3)(nil)
+
+func (p *phi3) KV(t *Tokenizer) llm.KV {
+	kv := p.Parameters.KV(t)
+	kv["general.architecture"] = "phi3"
+	kv["general.name"] = "phi3"
+	kv["phi3.context_length"] = p.MaxPositionEmbeddings
+	kv["phi3.embedding_length"] = cmp.Or(p.HiddenSize, p.NEmbd)
+	kv["phi3.feed_forward_length"] = p.IntermediateSize
+	kv["phi3.block_count"] = cmp.Or(p.NumHiddenLayers, p.NLayers)
+	kv["phi3.attention.head_count"] = cmp.Or(p.NumAttentionHeads, p.NHead)
+	kv["phi3.attention.head_count_kv"] = cmp.Or(p.NumKeyValueHeads, p.NHeadKV)
+	kv["phi3.attention.layer_norm_rms_epsilon"] = p.RMSNormEPS
+	kv["phi3.rope.dimension_count"] = p.HiddenSize / cmp.Or(p.NumAttentionHeads, p.NHead)
+	kv["phi3.rope.freq_base"] = p.RopeTheta
+	kv["phi3.rope.scaling.original_context_length"] = p.OriginalMaxPositionEmbeddings
+	kv["phi3.attention.sliding_window"] = p.SlidingWindow
+
+	scale := float64(p.MaxPositionEmbeddings) / float64(p.OriginalMaxPositionEmbeddings)
+
+	switch p.RopeScaling.Type {
+	case "":
+		// no scaling
+	case "su", "longrope":
+		kv["phi3.rope.scaling.attn_factor"] = float32(max(math.Sqrt(1+math.Log(scale)/math.Log(float64(p.OriginalMaxPositionEmbeddings))), 1.0))
+	case "yarn":
+		kv["phi3.rope.scaling.attn_factor"] = float32(max(0.1*math.Log(scale)+1.0, 1.0))
+	default:
+		panic("unknown rope scaling type")
+	}
+
+	return kv
+}
+
+func (p *phi3) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []llm.Tensor {
+	var addRopeFactors sync.Once
+
+	out := make([]llm.Tensor, 0, len(ts)+2)
+	for _, t := range ts {
+		name := p.tensorName(t.Name())
+		if strings.HasPrefix(name, "blk.0.") {
+			addRopeFactors.Do(func() {
+				out = append(out, llm.Tensor{
+					Name:     "rope_factors_long.weight",
+					Kind:     0,
+					Shape:    []uint64{uint64(len(p.RopeScaling.LongFactor))},
+					WriterTo: p.RopeScaling.LongFactor,
+				}, llm.Tensor{
+					Name:     "rope_factors_short.weight",
+					Kind:     0,
+					Shape:    []uint64{uint64(len(p.RopeScaling.ShortFactor))},
+					WriterTo: p.RopeScaling.ShortFactor,
+				})
+			})
+		}
+
+		out = append(out, llm.Tensor{
+			Name:     name,
+			Kind:     t.Kind(),
+			Shape:    t.Shape(),
+			WriterTo: t,
+		})
+	}
+
+	return out
+}
+
+func (p *phi3) tensorName(n string) string {
+	return strings.NewReplacer(
+		"lm_head", "output",
+		"model.embed_tokens", "token_embd",
+		"model.norm", "output_norm",
+		"model.layers", "blk",
+		"input_layernorm", "attn_norm",
+		"self_attn.qkv_proj", "attn_qkv",
+		"self_attn.o_proj", "attn_output",
+		"mlp.down_proj", "ffn_down",
+		"mlp.gate_up_proj", "ffn_up",
+		"post_attention_layernorm", "ffn_norm",
+	).Replace(n)
+}
+
+type ropeFactor []float32
+
+func (r ropeFactor) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (int64, error) {
+	err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, r)
+	return 0, err
+}
--- a/convert/convert_test.go
+++ b/convert/convert_test.go
@ -65,6 +65,8 @@ func TestConvertFull(t *testing.T) {
 		"Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2",
 		"Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct-v0.1",
 		"gemma-2b-it",
+		// microsoft/Phi-3-mini-128-instruct@d548c233192db00165d842bf8edff054bb3212f8
+		"Phi-3-mini-128k-instruct",
 	}

 	for i := range cases {
--- a/convert/testdata/Phi-3-mini-128k-instruct.json
+++ b/convert/testdata/Phi-3-mini-128k-instruct.json
@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+{
+  "general.architecture": "phi3",
+  "general.file_type": "1",
+  "general.quantization_version": "2",
+  "phi3.block_count": "32",
+  "phi3.context_length": "131072",
+  "phi3.embedding_length": "3072",
+  "phi3.feed_forward_length": "8192",
+  "phi3.rope.scaling.original_context_length": "4096",
+  "phi3.rope.dimension_count": "96",
+  "phi3.rope.freq_base": "10000",
+  "phi3.rope.scaling.attn_factor": "1.1902381",
+  "phi3.attention.head_count": "32",
+  "phi3.attention.head_count_kv": "32",
+  "phi3.attention.layer_norm_rms_epsilon": "1e-05",
+  "phi3.attention.sliding_window": "262144",
+  "tokenizer.ggml.model": "llama",
+  "tokenizer.ggml.pre": "default",
+  "tokenizer.ggml.add_bos_token": "false",
+  "tokenizer.ggml.add_eos_token": "false",
+  "tokenizer.ggml.bos_token_id": "1",
+  "tokenizer.ggml.eos_token_id": "32000",
+  "tokenizer.ggml.unknown_token_id": "0",
+  "tokenizer.ggml.padding_token_id": "32000",
+  "tokenizer.ggml.scores": "6e37bcde2adc7e350e87c496eddd7a2124329c1dc66c5bf3ad3997253e4f7a62",
+  "tokenizer.ggml.token_type": "b6ecf55ec64ee67d87750bdb8d757a2c58bf78377e9f4219f5689a6c4dea57ce",
+  "tokenizer.ggml.tokens": "d168da3ddd3eee820916945fcb9baf24dd3cde42f606cffa2d19e7c8a8743918",
+  "blk.0.attn_norm.weight": "216aeb2c9e0c271f899e1ef2a63cceeb8f41e97642e84fada54b1d3c1c11cf25",
+  "blk.0.attn_output.weight": "b597d56f7188ffc1fafc273fadc59d41738cffd677ae98c61a62c3285b3a3099",
+  "blk.0.attn_qkv.weight": "d28a6b44e13f59be5483e4be2bedb544e346168d720aca27f47d1a5a722be91e",
+  "blk.0.ffn_down.weight": "4a691370e5a61fcbbf540fbcbf4c0f1d15dec0364528c0e916d0744f6262b63b",
+  "blk.0.ffn_norm.weight": "0c00af2b4a3128bec64a0cbb1084b042fdbe13d9ad0d03bd577f9449dfead338",
+  "blk.0.ffn_up.weight": "b32b52f790c1c083bfb8a3126dc1111cfeeb28dc8c584a930a1e5334cb176bf4",
+  "blk.1.attn_norm.weight": "68748011503c6c029e8e69a84a8e5a89338f378769627b6dbf7f93d715c292e1",
+  "blk.1.attn_output.weight": "2267344add13b048ca59e4377c86dc512be8046a57156901fa32a20fa74e4ee0",
+  "blk.1.attn_qkv.weight": "9109d2e3d7a2eacfda5226587b8be124a3bf44b972da7ebb17aa15795897eacc",
+  "blk.1.ffn_down.weight": "d675df4df4dd039c0c339ad6445d39eddd2004db6bf35bed6314c7497245a633",
+  "blk.1.ffn_norm.weight": "3b5767ae977bc8baaa06b06efdbea193b6b3ba605ce76d77a76ce317e935500c",
+  "blk.1.ffn_up.weight": "80dfd6d9d234b00334c89b8e0a02f81899c2efd377321c34ba5ba51a5f61b5ff",
+  "blk.2.attn_norm.weight": "6a6743b057e5088f145bc179e92c9bfb41163e7295d7b81c62e23dd89d2b59c4",
+  "blk.2.attn_output.weight": "bc5491ea54e0db81462d7d9b7d25cbdda380c2db8de041bd1c4ab7b76a1d19c3",
+  "blk.2.attn_qkv.weight": "a61287a9852e2f5aca9c100b471d98398b2913a3497c743de3c70ec9ddd7087f",
+  "blk.2.ffn_down.weight": "4fddcc382c8dceeab027fe43d8d44e67edb5e8ce4b9a1b7f773c87770380ade1",
+  "blk.2.ffn_norm.weight": "07e05f82b3f63f711db3b684ca79aed25c0657917e66f88af47348a82065c227",
+  "blk.2.ffn_up.weight": "4835a682ef1826c12df01ae7663fc45f9c82bc8e64b665f13fb7da8e201ec0fb",
+  "blk.3.attn_norm.weight": "f22aba7c03999ba7136f39cda747a39715e498699dc1716cd97fc5dfc58d1b1c",
+  "blk.3.attn_output.weight": "53b579855366fd786c5126b2b30aac4d583ca7bda56833c4865f5cadb5c18c6d",
+  "blk.3.attn_qkv.weight": "bb56aba78158123140fcea59c69ac562ca208f6d3086819417cdad8c50f333ad",
+  "blk.3.ffn_down.weight": "97280897a7cd86db2830c004bccc5bc094f50e293baded0189159a2019145a6e",
+  "blk.3.ffn_norm.weight": "10a8c99f8b57a960e8e0a1133c4a26f9148403d1b9bff2eff114917de996f3b5",
+  "blk.3.ffn_up.weight": "7324046c915e75d621b2043597a245a428d8eea31869135e6257a861491d8dcc",
+  "blk.4.attn_norm.weight": "507d8e164de94646edbfe33def8e8fbf7c9a6ee3fbaedb5000f72d9f51ec5e36",
+  "blk.4.attn_output.weight": "bbb3429e6efa98c150e0fdbf48c16180cbf0d0cbc1b3c253c6c319d78f4593a2",
+  "blk.4.attn_qkv.weight": "b95ee5be0786d3901273d806c339fe6c20e6bfffd2a20672a9f56af80921e8ab",
+  "blk.4.ffn_down.weight": "806bbf91df92a5a22bd5aa1ffb7fc2869f7293ffc7704771c290ecc583b27975",
+  "blk.4.ffn_norm.weight": "cfc2930a81df7aee3a5e7f726a15c1182233e868bf0d9d37f6b6ae6d8c15c234",
+  "blk.4.ffn_up.weight": "c3390c69533de2c8424e8069323ccc5d0c4543111535da04cf2c7d26745576aa",
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+  "blk.28.ffn_down.weight": "f1d6e6d1c286b1138bfd7e53fe477f399ae93bc2c04e35416f84218ed7247965",
+  "blk.28.ffn_norm.weight": "3f837ce82c8b9bde0d61d08b6f5fe5574886ea5328dbdc53f2929f18da8b4087",
+  "blk.28.ffn_up.weight": "2af027002e31d1b6cfedbdb30a2b9d7213f3aa691167c353913adfd48fda31e4",
+  "blk.29.attn_norm.weight": "61e8003b5329462ffe0fe172f2b160260de006aed858332d49d75504b6b6aa7a",
+  "blk.29.attn_output.weight": "ca44542a72a37476dc73dbdcc01f5b7497cb3ebc4ea230a55c9634ccd8e56ad4",
+  "blk.29.attn_qkv.weight": "abb3d9d6abe57872ae3daa51935d43264093ded5ce63b49d1e280ee5758be0e4",
+  "blk.29.ffn_down.weight": "6764b895fce881df097489c263446f0106de36217997660c15984b3ee22a5a06",
+  "blk.29.ffn_norm.weight": "89e03e9a33fc0e6e31ba9f0c2bd7c5734a118c5602bb90148793e08a80e8d0ae",
+  "blk.29.ffn_up.weight": "fa7ad57a84954f4121653152efed1a871d8adb20a1ea9086e3e849ce359d7d2e",
+  "blk.30.attn_norm.weight": "91a697aca1e42af54f806a20211031c3369e8d0bd58df1b0147fe24954e1f5a4",
+  "blk.30.attn_output.weight": "36063fcf766c89ac75be56f688cc63cefe5f2c733fbf4378ea9956ad386fa148",
+  "blk.30.attn_qkv.weight": "2cacd1161f1121a2c0b979930134f4666f73fb8d7237b3b0659ae091b15955a6",
+  "blk.30.ffn_down.weight": "9f3fcb6217100595850c05dc98f9ab2a263afdb6ab28df2fcb08aeff512057d7",
+  "blk.30.ffn_norm.weight": "6c600bc1fc7de39d4f8917b81fc7d1d5ed2a9b56492234c13a4bd6028c30d880",
+  "blk.30.ffn_up.weight": "73cabd1bb011956b2689ea3338bb76642ef3a57c197377d666d2ab5f56317668",
+  "blk.31.attn_norm.weight": "72d3e1cc771380645fa75a899858c95f39857a4f3f1ed60fe1578df383b8bc53",
+  "blk.31.attn_output.weight": "40089cdd29994dc19a1d89fa15902a89cfeca3540f12dc9bf4d00ef82506e456",
+  "blk.31.attn_qkv.weight": "1d0bb40e9258071ae14290a53c619a8e331dda07354d2a02ef45766c029ae5e4",
+  "blk.31.ffn_down.weight": "8defa0e06335b793fa8be03883f0a322d6c5b33f52c69c943c35c60d16e42c0a",
+  "blk.31.ffn_norm.weight": "33c55d9d0c496ccfb130361fe131649346e098abaaac39c0519507e5d846721d",
+  "blk.31.ffn_up.weight": "599f6503f61c692c1f82001973d35119f9688db5e6be9d9c298411491c93f09b",
+  "output.weight": "14b8dc662bfa3308ebb2e102c562d8e52c15670e538f20f3216a9c310ca9dd41",
+  "output_norm.weight": "7f2294ba94ce65681df6c7ddd8698799199b9d77dc83c10bdad5c3999f0fdb82",
+  "rope_factors_long.weight": "e34d378664e354652c38f47d10dafb0498ccc2fb042d39ff7fef768146fff22b",
+  "rope_factors_short.weight": "9379146a4988f373d362fe47b06c75e7fe7c54aa4dc9558758df79b7a87471fd",
+  "token_embd.weight": "19a03c1fb5ac0baee93b0a7d8b0f26e9a9b011e229b694afc50ebfc13d84f8bf"
+}
--- a/docs/api.md
+++ b/docs/api.md
@ -669,7 +669,7 @@ curl http://localhost:11434/api/chat -d '{

 ```
 curl http://localhost:11434/api/chat -d '{
-  "model": "mistral",
+  "model": "llama3.1",
  "messages": [
    {
      "role": "user",
@ -708,7 +708,7 @@ curl http://localhost:11434/api/chat -d '{

 ```json
 {
-  "model": "mistral:7b-instruct-v0.3-q4_K_M",
+  "model": "llama3.1",
  "created_at": "2024-07-22T20:33:28.123648Z",
  "message": {
    "role": "assistant",
@ -1175,7 +1175,10 @@ curl http://localhost:11434/api/embed -d '{
  "embeddings": [[
    0.010071029, -0.0017594862, 0.05007221, 0.04692972, 0.054916814,
    0.008599704, 0.105441414, -0.025878139, 0.12958129, 0.031952348
-  ]]
+  ]],
+  "total_duration": 14143917,
+  "load_duration": 1019500,
+  "prompt_eval_count": 8
 }
 ```

--- a/docs/import.md
+++ b/docs/import.md
@ -16,7 +16,9 @@ If the model being imported is one of these architectures, it can be imported di

 - LlamaForCausalLM
 - MistralForCausalLM
+ - MixtralForCausalLM
 - GemmaForCausalLM
+ - Phi3ForCausalLM

 ```dockerfile
 FROM /path/to/safetensors/directory
--- a/docs/openai.md
+++ b/docs/openai.md
@ -182,7 +182,6 @@ curl http://localhost:11434/v1/embeddings \
 - [x] Reproducible outputs
 - [x] Vision
 - [x] Tools (streaming support coming soon)
- [ ] Vision
 - [ ] Logprobs

 #### Supported request fields
--- a/docs/template.md
+++ b/docs/template.md
@ -112,15 +112,9 @@ Keep the following tips and best practices in mind when working with Go template
 ChatML is a popular template format. It can be used for models such as Databrick's DBRX, Intel's Neural Chat, and Microsoft's Orca 2.

 ```gotmpl
-{{- if .System }}<|im_start|>system
-{{ .System }}<|im_end|>
-{{ end }}
 {{- range .Messages }}<|im_start|>{{ .Role }}
 {{ .Content }}<|im_end|>
 {{ end }}<|im_start|>assistant
-{{ else }}
-{{ if .System }}<|im_start|>system
-{{ .System }}<|im_end|>
 ```

 ### Example Tools
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module github.com/ollama/ollama

-go 1.22.0
+go 1.22.5

 require (
 	github.com/containerd/console v1.0.3
--- a/gpu/assets.go
+++ b/gpu/assets.go
@ -49,13 +49,9 @@ func PayloadsDir() (string, error) {
 		}

 		// Track our pid so we can clean up orphaned tmpdirs
-		pidFilePath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "ollama.pid")
-		pidFile, err := os.OpenFile(pidFilePath, os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC|os.O_WRONLY, os.ModePerm)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", err
-		}
-		if _, err := pidFile.Write([]byte(strconv.Itoa(os.Getpid()))); err != nil {
-			return "", err
+		n := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "ollama.pid")
+		if err := os.WriteFile(n, []byte(strconv.Itoa(os.Getpid())), 0o644); err != nil {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to write pid file %s: %w", n, err)
 		}

 		// We create a distinct subdirectory for payloads within the tmpdir
@ -67,37 +63,44 @@ func PayloadsDir() (string, error) {

 // Best effort to clean up prior tmpdirs
 func cleanupTmpDirs() {
-	dirs, err := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "ollama*"))
+	matches, err := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "ollama*", "ollama.pid"))
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
-	for _, d := range dirs {
-		info, err := os.Stat(d)
-		if err != nil || !info.IsDir() {
+
+	for _, match := range matches {
+		raw, err := os.ReadFile(match)
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			slog.Debug("not a ollama runtime directory, skipping", "path", match)
 			continue
-		}
-		raw, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(d, "ollama.pid"))
-		if err != nil {
-			slog.Warn("failed to read ollama.pid", "path", d, "error", err)
-			// No pid, ignore this tmpdir
+		} else if err != nil {
+			slog.Warn("could not read ollama.pid, skipping", "path", match, "error", err)
 			continue
 		}

 		pid, err := strconv.Atoi(string(raw))
 		if err != nil {
-			slog.Warn("failed to parse pid", "path", d, "error", err)
+			slog.Warn("invalid pid, skipping", "path", match, "error", err)
 			continue
 		}

-		proc, err := os.FindProcess(pid)
-		if err == nil && !errors.Is(proc.Signal(syscall.Signal(0)), os.ErrProcessDone) {
-			slog.Warn("found running ollama", "pid", pid, "path", d)
-			// Another running ollama, ignore this tmpdir
+		p, err := os.FindProcess(pid)
+		if err == nil && !errors.Is(p.Signal(syscall.Signal(0)), os.ErrProcessDone) {
+			slog.Warn("process still running, skipping", "pid", pid, "path", match)
 			continue
 		}

-		if err := os.Remove(d); err != nil {
-			slog.Warn("unable to cleanup stale tmpdir", "path", d, "error", err)
+		if err := os.Remove(match); err != nil {
+			slog.Warn("could not cleanup stale pidfile", "path", match, "error", err)
+		}
+
+		runners := filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(match), "runners")
+		if err := os.RemoveAll(runners); err != nil {
+			slog.Warn("could not cleanup stale runners", "path", runners, "error", err)
+		}
+
+		if err := os.Remove(filepath.Dir(match)); err != nil {
+			slog.Warn("could not cleanup stale tmpdir", "path", filepath.Dir(match), "error", err)
 		}
 	}
 }
--- a/gpu/gpu.go
+++ b/gpu/gpu.go
@ -305,6 +305,8 @@ func GetGPUInfo() GpuInfoList {
 		// Intel
 		if envconfig.IntelGPU() {
 			oHandles = initOneAPIHandles()
+			if oHandles != nil && oHandles.oneapi != nil {
+
 				// On windows we bundle the oneapi library one level above the runner dir
 				depPath = ""
 				if runtime.GOOS == "windows" && envconfig.RunnersDir() != "" {
@ -340,6 +342,7 @@ func GetGPUInfo() GpuInfoList {
 					}
 				}
 			}
+		}

 		rocmGPUs = AMDGetGPUInfo()
 		bootstrapped = true
--- a/llm/ext_server/server.cpp
+++ b/llm/ext_server/server.cpp
@ -403,7 +403,9 @@ struct llama_server_context
            }
        }

-        std::tie(model, ctx) = llama_init_from_gpt_params(params);
+        auto init_result = llama_init_from_gpt_params(params);
+        model = init_result.model;
+        ctx = init_result.context;
        if (model == nullptr)
        {
            LOG_ERROR("unable to load model", {{"model", params.model}});
@ -1221,9 +1223,7 @@ struct llama_server_context

                res.result_json = json
                {
-                    {"id", res.id},
                    {"embedding", std::vector<float>(embd, embd + n_embd)},
-                    {"timings",             slot.get_formated_timings()},
                };
            }
        }
@ -2422,7 +2422,10 @@ static void server_params_parse(int argc, char **argv, server_params &sparams, g
                invalid_param = true;
                break;
            }
-            params.lora_adapter.emplace_back(argv[i], 1.0f);
+            params.lora_adapters.push_back({
+                std::string(argv[i]),
+                1.0,
+            });
            params.use_mmap = false;
        }
        else if (arg == "--lora-scaled")
@ -2438,7 +2441,10 @@ static void server_params_parse(int argc, char **argv, server_params &sparams, g
                invalid_param = true;
                break;
            }
-            params.lora_adapter.emplace_back(lora_adapter, std::stof(argv[i]));
+            params.lora_adapters.push_back({
+                lora_adapter,
+                std::stof(argv[i])
+            });
            params.use_mmap = false;
        }
        else if (arg == "-v" || arg == "--verbose")
@ -3186,41 +3192,17 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
                    prompt = "";
                }

-                if (prompt.size() == 1) {
-                    prompt = prompt[0];
-                }
-
                // create and queue the task
-                json responses;
-                {
-                    const int id_task = llama.queue_tasks.get_new_id();
-                    llama.queue_results.add_waiting_task_id(id_task);
-                    llama.request_completion(id_task, {{"prompt", prompt}}, true, -1);
+                const int task_id = llama.queue_tasks.get_new_id();
+                llama.queue_results.add_waiting_task_id(task_id);
+                llama.request_completion(task_id, {{"prompt", prompt}}, true, -1);

                // get the result
-                    task_result result = llama.queue_results.recv(id_task);
-                    llama.queue_results.remove_waiting_task_id(id_task);
-                    if (result.error) {
-                        return res.set_content(result.result_json.dump(), "application/json; charset=utf-8");
-                    }
-
-                    responses = result.result_json.value("results", std::vector<json>{result.result_json});
-                    std::sort(responses.begin(), responses.end(), [](const json& a, const json& b) {
-                        return a["id"] < b["id"];
-                    });
-
-                    json embeddings = json::array();
-
-                    int prompt_n = 0;
-                    for (auto & elem : responses) {
-                        embeddings.push_back(elem.at("embedding"));
-                        prompt_n += elem.at("timings").at("prompt_n").get<int>();
-                    }
+                task_result result = llama.queue_results.recv(task_id);
+                llama.queue_results.remove_waiting_task_id(task_id);

                // send the result
-                    json embedding_res = json{{"embedding", embeddings}, {"prompt_n", prompt_n}};
-                    return res.set_content(embedding_res.dump(), "application/json; charset=utf-8");
-                }
+                return res.set_content(result.result_json.dump(), "application/json; charset=utf-8");
            });

    // GG: if I put the main loop inside a thread, it crashes on the first request when build in Debug!?
--- a/llm/ggml.go
+++ b/llm/ggml.go
@ -157,6 +157,14 @@ type Tensor struct {
 	io.WriterTo `json:"-"`
 }

+func (t Tensor) block() (n int) {
+	if _, err := fmt.Sscanf(t.Name, "blk.%d.", &n); err != nil {
+		return -1
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
 func (t Tensor) blockSize() uint64 {
 	switch t.Kind {
 	case 0, 1, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30: // F32, F16, I8, I16, I32, I64, F64, BF16
--- a/llm/gguf.go
+++ b/llm/gguf.go
@ -532,15 +532,14 @@ func WriteGGUF(ws io.WriteSeeker, kv KV, ts []Tensor) error {
 		}
 	}

-	slices.SortFunc(ts, func(a, b Tensor) int {
-		var i, j int
-		if n, err := fmt.Sscanf(a.Name, "blk.%d", &i); err != nil || n != 1 {
-			return cmp.Compare(a.Name, b.Name)
-		} else if n, err := fmt.Sscanf(b.Name, "blk.%d", &j); err != nil || n != 1 {
-			return cmp.Compare(a.Name, b.Name)
-		}
-
+	slices.SortStableFunc(ts, func(a, b Tensor) int {
+		if i, j := a.block(), b.block(); i < 0 && j > 0 {
+			return 1
+		} else if i > 0 && j < 0 {
+			return -1
+		} else {
 			return cmp.Compare(i, j)
+		}
 	})

 	var s uint64
--- a/llm/llama.cpp
+++ b/llm/llama.cpp
@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 6eeaeba126ff701f3e8f79f246805b7023709972
+Subproject commit 1e6f6554aa11fa10160a5fda689e736c3c34169f
--- a/llm/patches/09-lora.diff
+++ b/llm/patches/09-lora.diff
@ -1,40 +1,32 @@
 diff --git a/common/common.cpp b/common/common.cpp
-index dbb724fb..c26fe6ee 100644
+index 2e8374d5..70d0afde 100644
 --- a/common/common.cpp
 +++ b/common/common.cpp
-@@ -2087,14 +2087,27 @@ std::tuple<struct llama_model *, struct llama_context *> llama_init_from_gpt_par
-     for (unsigned int i = 0; i < params.lora_adapter.size(); ++i) {
-         const std::string & lora_adapter = std::get<0>(params.lora_adapter[i]);
-         float lora_scale = std::get<1>(params.lora_adapter[i]);
-+
-+        // try to load as gguf
-         auto adapter = llama_lora_adapter_init(model, lora_adapter.c_str());
-         if (adapter == nullptr) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s: error: failed to apply lora adapter\n", __func__);
+@@ -2110,9 +2110,21 @@ struct llama_init_result llama_init_from_gpt_params(gpt_params & params) {
+         loaded_la.adapter = llama_lora_adapter_init(model, la.path.c_str());
+         if (loaded_la.adapter == nullptr) {
+             fprintf(stderr, "%s: error: failed to apply lora adapter '%s'\n", __func__, la.path.c_str());
 -            llama_free(lctx);
 -            llama_free_model(model);
-            return std::make_tuple(nullptr, nullptr);
-+            fprintf(stderr, "%s: error: failed to apply lora adapter, trying ggla\n", __func__);
+-            return iparams;
 +
 +            // if that fails, try loading as ggla for compatibility
 +            int err = llama_model_apply_lora_from_file(model,
-+                                                    lora_adapter.c_str(),
-+                                                    lora_scale,
+                                                    la.path.c_str(),
+                                                    la.scale,
 +                                                    nullptr,
 +                                                    params.n_threads);
 +            if (err != 0) {
 +                fprintf(stderr, "%s: error: failed to apply lora adapter\n", __func__);
 +                llama_free(lctx);
 +                llama_free_model(model);
-+                return std::make_tuple(nullptr, nullptr);
-+            }
+                return iparams;
 +            } else {
-+            llama_lora_adapter_set(lctx, adapter, lora_scale);
+                break;
+            }
         }
-        llama_lora_adapter_set(lctx, adapter, lora_scale);
+         iparams.lora_adapters.push_back(loaded_la); // copy to list of loaded adapters
     }
- 
-     if (params.ignore_eos) {
 diff --git a/include/llama.h b/include/llama.h
 index 93fd77ca..b0fb37a6 100644
 --- a/include/llama.h
--- a/llm/patches/10-params.diff
+++ b/llm/patches/10-params.diff
@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-diff --git a/src/llama.cpp b/src/llama.cpp
-index a207451f..fba6b175 100644
--- a/src/llama.cpp
-+++ b/src/llama.cpp
-@@ -4969,6 +4969,7 @@ static void llm_load_hparams(
-                 hparams.attn_soft_cap = true;
- 
-                 switch (hparams.n_layer) {
-+                    case 26: model.type = e_model::MODEL_2B; break;
-                     case 42: model.type = e_model::MODEL_9B; break;
-                     case 46: model.type = e_model::MODEL_27B; break;
-                     default: model.type = e_model::MODEL_UNKNOWN;
-@@ -11736,6 +11737,7 @@ struct llm_build_context {
- 
-                 // ref: https://github.com/google/gemma_pytorch/commit/03e657582d17cb5a8617ebf333c1c16f3694670e
-                 switch (model.type) {
-+                    case e_model::MODEL_2B: Qcur = ggml_scale(ctx0, Qcur, 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head_k))); break;
-                     case e_model::MODEL_9B:  Qcur = ggml_scale(ctx0, Qcur, 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd_head_k)));   break;
-                     case e_model::MODEL_27B: Qcur = ggml_scale(ctx0, Qcur, 1.0f / sqrtf(float(n_embd / n_head))); break;
-                     default: GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
--- a/llm/server.go
+++ b/llm/server.go
@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ type LlamaServer interface {
 	Ping(ctx context.Context) error
 	WaitUntilRunning(ctx context.Context) error
 	Completion(ctx context.Context, req CompletionRequest, fn func(CompletionResponse)) error
-	Embed(ctx context.Context, input []string) (*EmbedResponse, error)
+	Embedding(ctx context.Context, input string) ([]float32, error)
 	Tokenize(ctx context.Context, content string) ([]int, error)
 	Detokenize(ctx context.Context, tokens []int) (string, error)
 	Close() error
@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ type llmServer struct {
 	done        chan error // Channel to signal when the process exits
 	status      *StatusWriter
 	options     api.Options
+	numParallel int

 	estimate    MemoryEstimate
 	totalLayers uint64
@ -124,8 +125,9 @@ func NewLlamaServer(gpus gpu.GpuInfoList, model string, ggml *GGML, adapters, pr
 		}
 	}

-	// On linux, over-allocating CPU memory will almost always result in an error
-	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
+	// On linux and windows, over-allocating CPU memory will almost always result in an error
+	// Darwin has fully dynamic swap so has no direct concept of free swap space
+	if runtime.GOOS != "darwin" {
 		systemMemoryRequired := estimate.TotalSize - estimate.VRAMSize
 		available := systemFreeMemory + systemSwapFreeMemory
 		if systemMemoryRequired > available {
@ -343,6 +345,7 @@ func NewLlamaServer(gpus gpu.GpuInfoList, model string, ggml *GGML, adapters, pr
 			status:      NewStatusWriter(os.Stderr),
 			options:     opts,
 			estimate:    estimate,
+			numParallel: numParallel,
 			sem:         semaphore.NewWeighted(int64(numParallel)),
 			totalLayers: ggml.KV().BlockCount() + 1,
 			gpus:        gpus,
@ -880,16 +883,15 @@ func (s *llmServer) Completion(ctx context.Context, req CompletionRequest, fn fu
 	return nil
 }

-type EmbedRequest struct {
-	Content []string `json:"content"`
+type EmbeddingRequest struct {
+	Content string `json:"content"`
 }

-type EmbedResponse struct {
-	Embedding       [][]float32 `json:"embedding"`
-	PromptEvalCount int         `json:"prompt_n"`
+type EmbeddingResponse struct {
+	Embedding []float32 `json:"embedding"`
 }

-func (s *llmServer) Embed(ctx context.Context, input []string) (*EmbedResponse, error) {
+func (s *llmServer) Embedding(ctx context.Context, input string) ([]float32, error) {
 	if err := s.sem.Acquire(ctx, 1); err != nil {
 		slog.Error("Failed to acquire semaphore", "error", err)
 		return nil, err
@ -904,18 +906,18 @@ func (s *llmServer) Embed(ctx context.Context, input []string) (*EmbedResponse,
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected server status: %s", status.ToString())
 	}

-	data, err := json.Marshal(EmbedRequest{Content: input})
+	data, err := json.Marshal(EmbeddingRequest{Content: input})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error marshaling embed data: %w", err)
 	}

-	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, fmt.Sprintf("http://127.0.0.1:%d/embedding", s.port), bytes.NewBuffer(data))
+	r, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, fmt.Sprintf("http://127.0.0.1:%d/embedding", s.port), bytes.NewBuffer(data))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error creating embed request: %w", err)
 	}
-	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	r.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")

-	resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
+	resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(r)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("do embedding request: %w", err)
 	}
@ -931,12 +933,12 @@ func (s *llmServer) Embed(ctx context.Context, input []string) (*EmbedResponse,
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s", body)
 	}

-	var e EmbedResponse
+	var e EmbeddingResponse
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &e); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unmarshal tokenize response: %w", err)
 	}

-	return &e, nil
+	return e.Embedding, nil
 }

 type TokenizeRequest struct {
--- a/llm/status.go
+++ b/llm/status.go
@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ var errorPrefixes = []string{
 	"cudaMalloc failed",
 	"\"ERR\"",
 	"error loading model",
+	"GGML_ASSERT",
 }

 func (w *StatusWriter) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
--- a/openai/openai_test.go
+++ b/openai/openai_test.go
@ -7,12 +7,12 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
+	"reflect"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"

 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
 )
@ -20,14 +20,9 @@ import (
 const (
 	prefix = `data:image/jpeg;base64,`
 	image  = `iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNk+A8AAQUBAScY42YAAAAASUVORK5CYII=`
-	imageURL = prefix + image
 )

-func prepareRequest(req *http.Request, body any) {
-	bodyBytes, _ := json.Marshal(body)
-	req.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(bodyBytes))
-	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-}
+var False = false

 func captureRequestMiddleware(capturedRequest any) gin.HandlerFunc {
 	return func(c *gin.Context) {
@ -43,134 +38,136 @@ func captureRequestMiddleware(capturedRequest any) gin.HandlerFunc {

 func TestChatMiddleware(t *testing.T) {
 	type testCase struct {
-		Name     string
-		Setup    func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request)
-		Expected func(t *testing.T, req *api.ChatRequest, resp *httptest.ResponseRecorder)
+		name string
+		body string
+		req  api.ChatRequest
+		err  ErrorResponse
 	}

 	var capturedRequest *api.ChatRequest

 	testCases := []testCase{
 		{
-			Name: "chat handler",
-			Setup: func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request) {
-				body := ChatCompletionRequest{
+			name: "chat handler",
+			body: `{
+				"model": "test-model",
+				"messages": [
+					{"role": "user", "content": "Hello"}
+				]
+			}`,
+			req: api.ChatRequest{
 				Model: "test-model",
-					Messages: []Message{{Role: "user", Content: "Hello"}},
-				}
-				prepareRequest(req, body)
+				Messages: []api.Message{
+					{
+						Role:    "user",
+						Content: "Hello",
 					},
-			Expected: func(t *testing.T, req *api.ChatRequest, resp *httptest.ResponseRecorder) {
-				if resp.Code != http.StatusOK {
-					t.Fatalf("expected 200, got %d", resp.Code)
-				}
-
-				if req.Messages[0].Role != "user" {
-					t.Fatalf("expected 'user', got %s", req.Messages[0].Role)
-				}
-
-				if req.Messages[0].Content != "Hello" {
-					t.Fatalf("expected 'Hello', got %s", req.Messages[0].Content)
-				}
+				},
+				Options: map[string]any{
+					"temperature": 1.0,
+					"top_p":       1.0,
+				},
+				Stream: &False,
 			},
 		},
 		{
-			Name: "chat handler with image content",
-			Setup: func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request) {
-				body := ChatCompletionRequest{
-					Model: "test-model",
-					Messages: []Message{
+			name: "chat handler with image content",
+			body: `{
+				"model": "test-model",
+				"messages": [
 					{
-							Role: "user", Content: []map[string]any{
-								{"type": "text", "text": "Hello"},
-								{"type": "image_url", "image_url": map[string]string{"url": imageURL}},
+						"role": "user",
+						"content": [
+							{
+								"type": "text",
+								"text": "Hello"
+							},
+							{
+								"type": "image_url",
+								"image_url": {
+									"url": "` + prefix + image + `"
+								}
+							}
+						]
+					}
+				]
+			}`,
+			req: api.ChatRequest{
+				Model: "test-model",
+				Messages: []api.Message{
+					{
+						Role:    "user",
+						Content: "Hello",
+					},
+					{
+						Role: "user",
+						Images: []api.ImageData{
+							func() []byte {
+								img, _ := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(image)
+								return img
+							}(),
 						},
 					},
 				},
-				}
-				prepareRequest(req, body)
+				Options: map[string]any{
+					"temperature": 1.0,
+					"top_p":       1.0,
 				},
-			Expected: func(t *testing.T, req *api.ChatRequest, resp *httptest.ResponseRecorder) {
-				if resp.Code != http.StatusOK {
-					t.Fatalf("expected 200, got %d", resp.Code)
-				}
-
-				if req.Messages[0].Role != "user" {
-					t.Fatalf("expected 'user', got %s", req.Messages[0].Role)
-				}
-
-				if req.Messages[0].Content != "Hello" {
-					t.Fatalf("expected 'Hello', got %s", req.Messages[0].Content)
-				}
-
-				img, _ := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(imageURL[len(prefix):])
-
-				if req.Messages[1].Role != "user" {
-					t.Fatalf("expected 'user', got %s", req.Messages[1].Role)
-				}
-
-				if !bytes.Equal(req.Messages[1].Images[0], img) {
-					t.Fatalf("expected image encoding, got %s", req.Messages[1].Images[0])
-				}
+				Stream: &False,
 			},
 		},
 		{
-			Name: "chat handler with tools",
-			Setup: func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request) {
-				body := ChatCompletionRequest{
+			name: "chat handler with tools",
+			body: `{
+				"model": "test-model",
+				"messages": [
+					{"role": "user", "content": "What's the weather like in Paris Today?"},
+					{"role": "assistant", "tool_calls": [{"id": "id", "type": "function", "function": {"name": "get_current_weather", "arguments": "{\"location\": \"Paris, France\", \"format\": \"celsius\"}"}}]}
+				]
+			}`,
+			req: api.ChatRequest{
 				Model: "test-model",
-					Messages: []Message{
-						{Role: "user", Content: "What's the weather like in Paris Today?"},
-						{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []ToolCall{{
-							ID:   "id",
-							Type: "function",
-							Function: struct {
-								Name      string `json:"name"`
-								Arguments string `json:"arguments"`
-							}{
+				Messages: []api.Message{
+					{
+						Role:    "user",
+						Content: "What's the weather like in Paris Today?",
+					},
+					{
+						Role: "assistant",
+						ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{
+							{
+								Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
 									Name: "get_current_weather",
-								Arguments: "{\"location\": \"Paris, France\", \"format\": \"celsius\"}",
+									Arguments: map[string]interface{}{
+										"location": "Paris, France",
+										"format":   "celsius",
 									},
-						}}},
 								},
-				}
-				prepareRequest(req, body)
 							},
-			Expected: func(t *testing.T, req *api.ChatRequest, resp *httptest.ResponseRecorder) {
-				if resp.Code != 200 {
-					t.Fatalf("expected 200, got %d", resp.Code)
-				}
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				Options: map[string]any{
+					"temperature": 1.0,
+					"top_p":       1.0,
+				},
+				Stream: &False,
+			},
+		},

-				if req.Messages[0].Content != "What's the weather like in Paris Today?" {
-					t.Fatalf("expected What's the weather like in Paris Today?, got %s", req.Messages[0].Content)
-				}
-
-				if req.Messages[1].ToolCalls[0].Function.Arguments["location"] != "Paris, France" {
-					t.Fatalf("expected 'Paris, France', got %v", req.Messages[1].ToolCalls[0].Function.Arguments["location"])
-				}
-
-				if req.Messages[1].ToolCalls[0].Function.Arguments["format"] != "celsius" {
-					t.Fatalf("expected celsius, got %v", req.Messages[1].ToolCalls[0].Function.Arguments["format"])
-				}
-			},
-		},
 		{
-			Name: "chat handler error forwarding",
-			Setup: func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request) {
-				body := ChatCompletionRequest{
-					Model:    "test-model",
-					Messages: []Message{{Role: "user", Content: 2}},
-				}
-				prepareRequest(req, body)
+			name: "chat handler error forwarding",
+			body: `{
+				"model": "test-model",
+				"messages": [
+					{"role": "user", "content": 2}
+				]
+			}`,
+			err: ErrorResponse{
+				Error: Error{
+					Message: "invalid message content type: float64",
+					Type:    "invalid_request_error",
 				},
-			Expected: func(t *testing.T, req *api.ChatRequest, resp *httptest.ResponseRecorder) {
-				if resp.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
-					t.Fatalf("expected 400, got %d", resp.Code)
-				}
-
-				if !strings.Contains(resp.Body.String(), "invalid message content type") {
-					t.Fatalf("error was not forwarded")
-				}
 			},
 		},
 	}
@ -185,16 +182,26 @@ func TestChatMiddleware(t *testing.T) {
 	router.Handle(http.MethodPost, "/api/chat", endpoint)

 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		t.Run(tc.Name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/chat", nil)
-
-			tc.Setup(t, req)
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/chat", strings.NewReader(tc.body))
+			req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")

 			resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
 			router.ServeHTTP(resp, req)

-			tc.Expected(t, capturedRequest, resp)
+			var errResp ErrorResponse
+			if resp.Code != http.StatusOK {
+				if err := json.Unmarshal(resp.Body.Bytes(), &errResp); err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+			}
+			if capturedRequest != nil && !reflect.DeepEqual(tc.req, *capturedRequest) {
+				t.Fatal("requests did not match")
+			}

+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(tc.err, errResp) {
+				t.Fatal("errors did not match")
+			}
 			capturedRequest = nil
 		})
 	}
@ -202,71 +209,52 @@ func TestChatMiddleware(t *testing.T) {

 func TestCompletionsMiddleware(t *testing.T) {
 	type testCase struct {
-		Name     string
-		Setup    func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request)
-		Expected func(t *testing.T, req *api.GenerateRequest, resp *httptest.ResponseRecorder)
+		name string
+		body string
+		req  api.GenerateRequest
+		err  ErrorResponse
 	}

 	var capturedRequest *api.GenerateRequest

 	testCases := []testCase{
 		{
-			Name: "completions handler",
-			Setup: func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request) {
-				temp := float32(0.8)
-				body := CompletionRequest{
+			name: "completions handler",
+			body: `{
+				"model": "test-model",
+				"prompt": "Hello",
+				"temperature": 0.8,
+				"stop": ["\n", "stop"],
+				"suffix": "suffix"
+			}`,
+			req: api.GenerateRequest{
 				Model:  "test-model",
 				Prompt: "Hello",
-					Temperature: &temp,
-					Stop:        []string{"\n", "stop"},
-					Suffix:      "suffix",
-				}
-				prepareRequest(req, body)
+				Options: map[string]any{
+					"frequency_penalty": 0.0,
+					"presence_penalty":  0.0,
+					"temperature":       1.6,
+					"top_p":             1.0,
+					"stop":              []any{"\n", "stop"},
 				},
-			Expected: func(t *testing.T, req *api.GenerateRequest, resp *httptest.ResponseRecorder) {
-				if req.Prompt != "Hello" {
-					t.Fatalf("expected 'Hello', got %s", req.Prompt)
-				}
-
-				if req.Options["temperature"] != 1.6 {
-					t.Fatalf("expected 1.6, got %f", req.Options["temperature"])
-				}
-
-				stopTokens, ok := req.Options["stop"].([]any)
-
-				if !ok {
-					t.Fatalf("expected stop tokens to be a list")
-				}
-
-				if stopTokens[0] != "\n" || stopTokens[1] != "stop" {
-					t.Fatalf("expected ['\\n', 'stop'], got %v", stopTokens)
-				}
-
-				if req.Suffix != "suffix" {
-					t.Fatalf("expected 'suffix', got %s", req.Suffix)
-				}
+				Suffix: "suffix",
+				Stream: &False,
 			},
 		},
 		{
-			Name: "completions handler error forwarding",
-			Setup: func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request) {
-				body := CompletionRequest{
-					Model:       "test-model",
-					Prompt:      "Hello",
-					Temperature: nil,
-					Stop:        []int{1, 2},
-					Suffix:      "suffix",
-				}
-				prepareRequest(req, body)
+			name: "completions handler error forwarding",
+			body: `{
+				"model": "test-model",
+				"prompt": "Hello",
+				"temperature": null,
+				"stop": [1, 2],
+				"suffix": "suffix"
+			}`,
+			err: ErrorResponse{
+				Error: Error{
+					Message: "invalid type for 'stop' field: float64",
+					Type:    "invalid_request_error",
 				},
-			Expected: func(t *testing.T, req *api.GenerateRequest, resp *httptest.ResponseRecorder) {
-				if resp.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
-					t.Fatalf("expected 400, got %d", resp.Code)
-				}
-
-				if !strings.Contains(resp.Body.String(), "invalid type for 'stop' field") {
-					t.Fatalf("error was not forwarded")
-				}
 			},
 		},
 	}
@ -281,15 +269,27 @@ func TestCompletionsMiddleware(t *testing.T) {
 	router.Handle(http.MethodPost, "/api/generate", endpoint)

 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		t.Run(tc.Name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/generate", nil)
-
-			tc.Setup(t, req)
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/generate", strings.NewReader(tc.body))
+			req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")

 			resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
 			router.ServeHTTP(resp, req)

-			tc.Expected(t, capturedRequest, resp)
+			var errResp ErrorResponse
+			if resp.Code != http.StatusOK {
+				if err := json.Unmarshal(resp.Body.Bytes(), &errResp); err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+			}
+
+			if capturedRequest != nil && !reflect.DeepEqual(tc.req, *capturedRequest) {
+				t.Fatal("requests did not match")
+			}
+
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(tc.err, errResp) {
+				t.Fatal("errors did not match")
+			}

 			capturedRequest = nil
 		})
@ -298,78 +298,47 @@ func TestCompletionsMiddleware(t *testing.T) {

 func TestEmbeddingsMiddleware(t *testing.T) {
 	type testCase struct {
-		Name     string
-		Setup    func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request)
-		Expected func(t *testing.T, req *api.EmbedRequest, resp *httptest.ResponseRecorder)
+		name string
+		body string
+		req  api.EmbedRequest
+		err  ErrorResponse
 	}

 	var capturedRequest *api.EmbedRequest

 	testCases := []testCase{
 		{
-			Name: "embed handler single input",
-			Setup: func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request) {
-				body := EmbedRequest{
+			name: "embed handler single input",
+			body: `{
+				"input": "Hello",
+				"model": "test-model"
+			}`,
+			req: api.EmbedRequest{
 				Input: "Hello",
 				Model: "test-model",
-				}
-				prepareRequest(req, body)
-			},
-			Expected: func(t *testing.T, req *api.EmbedRequest, resp *httptest.ResponseRecorder) {
-				if req.Input != "Hello" {
-					t.Fatalf("expected 'Hello', got %s", req.Input)
-				}
-
-				if req.Model != "test-model" {
-					t.Fatalf("expected 'test-model', got %s", req.Model)
-				}
 			},
 		},
 		{
-			Name: "embed handler batch input",
-			Setup: func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request) {
-				body := EmbedRequest{
-					Input: []string{"Hello", "World"},
+			name: "embed handler batch input",
+			body: `{
+				"input": ["Hello", "World"],
+				"model": "test-model"
+			}`,
+			req: api.EmbedRequest{
+				Input: []any{"Hello", "World"},
 				Model: "test-model",
-				}
-				prepareRequest(req, body)
-			},
-			Expected: func(t *testing.T, req *api.EmbedRequest, resp *httptest.ResponseRecorder) {
-				input, ok := req.Input.([]any)
-
-				if !ok {
-					t.Fatalf("expected input to be a list")
-				}
-
-				if input[0].(string) != "Hello" {
-					t.Fatalf("expected 'Hello', got %s", input[0])
-				}
-
-				if input[1].(string) != "World" {
-					t.Fatalf("expected 'World', got %s", input[1])
-				}
-
-				if req.Model != "test-model" {
-					t.Fatalf("expected 'test-model', got %s", req.Model)
-				}
 			},
 		},
 		{
-			Name: "embed handler error forwarding",
-			Setup: func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request) {
-				body := EmbedRequest{
-					Model: "test-model",
-				}
-				prepareRequest(req, body)
+			name: "embed handler error forwarding",
+			body: `{
+				"model": "test-model"
+			}`,
+			err: ErrorResponse{
+				Error: Error{
+					Message: "invalid input",
+					Type:    "invalid_request_error",
 				},
-			Expected: func(t *testing.T, req *api.EmbedRequest, resp *httptest.ResponseRecorder) {
-				if resp.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
-					t.Fatalf("expected 400, got %d", resp.Code)
-				}
-
-				if !strings.Contains(resp.Body.String(), "invalid input") {
-					t.Fatalf("error was not forwarded")
-				}
 			},
 		},
 	}
@ -384,116 +353,167 @@ func TestEmbeddingsMiddleware(t *testing.T) {
 	router.Handle(http.MethodPost, "/api/embed", endpoint)

 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		t.Run(tc.Name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/embed", nil)
-
-			tc.Setup(t, req)
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/embed", strings.NewReader(tc.body))
+			req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")

 			resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
 			router.ServeHTTP(resp, req)

-			tc.Expected(t, capturedRequest, resp)
+			var errResp ErrorResponse
+			if resp.Code != http.StatusOK {
+				if err := json.Unmarshal(resp.Body.Bytes(), &errResp); err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+			}
+
+			if capturedRequest != nil && !reflect.DeepEqual(tc.req, *capturedRequest) {
+				t.Fatal("requests did not match")
+			}
+
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(tc.err, errResp) {
+				t.Fatal("errors did not match")
+			}

 			capturedRequest = nil
 		})
 	}
 }

-func TestMiddlewareResponses(t *testing.T) {
+func TestListMiddleware(t *testing.T) {
 	type testCase struct {
-		Name     string
-		Method   string
-		Path     string
-		TestPath string
-		Handler  func() gin.HandlerFunc
-		Endpoint func(c *gin.Context)
-		Setup    func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request)
-		Expected func(t *testing.T, resp *httptest.ResponseRecorder)
+		name     string
+		endpoint func(c *gin.Context)
+		resp     string
 	}

 	testCases := []testCase{
 		{
-			Name:     "list handler",
-			Method:   http.MethodGet,
-			Path:     "/api/tags",
-			TestPath: "/api/tags",
-			Handler:  ListMiddleware,
-			Endpoint: func(c *gin.Context) {
+			name: "list handler",
+			endpoint: func(c *gin.Context) {
 				c.JSON(http.StatusOK, api.ListResponse{
 					Models: []api.ListModelResponse{
 						{
-							Name: "Test Model",
+							Name:       "test-model",
+							ModifiedAt: time.Unix(int64(1686935002), 0).UTC(),
 						},
 					},
 				})
 			},
-			Expected: func(t *testing.T, resp *httptest.ResponseRecorder) {
-				var listResp ListCompletion
-				if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&listResp); err != nil {
-					t.Fatal(err)
+			resp: `{
+				"object": "list",
+				"data": [
+					{
+						"id": "test-model",
+						"object": "model",
+						"created": 1686935002,
+						"owned_by": "library"
 					}
-
-				if listResp.Object != "list" {
-					t.Fatalf("expected list, got %s", listResp.Object)
-				}
-
-				if len(listResp.Data) != 1 {
-					t.Fatalf("expected 1, got %d", len(listResp.Data))
-				}
-
-				if listResp.Data[0].Id != "Test Model" {
-					t.Fatalf("expected Test Model, got %s", listResp.Data[0].Id)
-				}
-			},
+				]
+			}`,
 		},
 		{
-			Name:     "retrieve model",
-			Method:   http.MethodGet,
-			Path:     "/api/show/:model",
-			TestPath: "/api/show/test-model",
-			Handler:  RetrieveMiddleware,
-			Endpoint: func(c *gin.Context) {
-				c.JSON(http.StatusOK, api.ShowResponse{
-					ModifiedAt: time.Date(2024, 6, 17, 13, 45, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-				})
-			},
-			Expected: func(t *testing.T, resp *httptest.ResponseRecorder) {
-				var retrieveResp Model
-				if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&retrieveResp); err != nil {
-					t.Fatal(err)
-				}
-
-				if retrieveResp.Object != "model" {
-					t.Fatalf("Expected object to be model, got %s", retrieveResp.Object)
-				}
-
-				if retrieveResp.Id != "test-model" {
-					t.Fatalf("Expected id to be test-model, got %s", retrieveResp.Id)
-				}
+			name: "list handler empty output",
+			endpoint: func(c *gin.Context) {
+				c.JSON(http.StatusOK, api.ListResponse{})
 			},
+			resp: `{
+				"object": "list",
+				"data": null
+			}`,
 		},
 	}

 	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
-	router := gin.New()

 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		t.Run(tc.Name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			router = gin.New()
-			router.Use(tc.Handler())
-			router.Handle(tc.Method, tc.Path, tc.Endpoint)
-			req, _ := http.NewRequest(tc.Method, tc.TestPath, nil)
-
-			if tc.Setup != nil {
-				tc.Setup(t, req)
-			}
+		router := gin.New()
+		router.Use(ListMiddleware())
+		router.Handle(http.MethodGet, "/api/tags", tc.endpoint)
+		req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/tags", nil)

 		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
 		router.ServeHTTP(resp, req)

-			assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, resp.Code)
+		var expected, actual map[string]any
+		err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(tc.resp), &expected)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("failed to unmarshal expected response: %v", err)
+		}

-			tc.Expected(t, resp)
+		err = json.Unmarshal(resp.Body.Bytes(), &actual)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("failed to unmarshal actual response: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, actual) {
+			t.Errorf("responses did not match\nExpected: %+v\nActual: %+v", expected, actual)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRetrieveMiddleware(t *testing.T) {
+	type testCase struct {
+		name     string
+		endpoint func(c *gin.Context)
+		resp     string
+	}
+
+	testCases := []testCase{
+		{
+			name: "retrieve handler",
+			endpoint: func(c *gin.Context) {
+				c.JSON(http.StatusOK, api.ShowResponse{
+					ModifiedAt: time.Unix(int64(1686935002), 0).UTC(),
 				})
+			},
+			resp: `{
+				"id":"test-model",
+				"object":"model",
+				"created":1686935002,
+				"owned_by":"library"}
+			`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "retrieve handler error forwarding",
+			endpoint: func(c *gin.Context) {
+				c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "model not found"})
+			},
+			resp: `{
+				"error": {
+				  "code": null,
+				  "message": "model not found",
+				  "param": null,
+				  "type": "api_error"
+				}
+			}`,
+		},
+	}
+
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		router := gin.New()
+		router.Use(RetrieveMiddleware())
+		router.Handle(http.MethodGet, "/api/show/:model", tc.endpoint)
+		req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/show/test-model", nil)
+
+		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		router.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
+
+		var expected, actual map[string]any
+		err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(tc.resp), &expected)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("failed to unmarshal expected response: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		err = json.Unmarshal(resp.Body.Bytes(), &actual)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("failed to unmarshal actual response: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, actual) {
+			t.Errorf("responses did not match\nExpected: %+v\nActual: %+v", expected, actual)
+		}
 	}
 }
--- a/progress/spinner.go
+++ b/progress/spinner.go
@ -3,11 +3,12 @@ package progress
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 )

 type Spinner struct {
-	message      string
+	message      atomic.Value
 	messageWidth int

 	parts []string
@ -21,20 +22,25 @@ type Spinner struct {

 func NewSpinner(message string) *Spinner {
 	s := &Spinner{
-		message: message,
 		parts: []string{
 			"⠋", "⠙", "⠹", "⠸", "⠼", "⠴", "⠦", "⠧", "⠇", "⠏",
 		},
 		started: time.Now(),
 	}
+	s.SetMessage(message)
 	go s.start()
 	return s
 }

+func (s *Spinner) SetMessage(message string) {
+	s.message.Store(message)
+}
+
 func (s *Spinner) String() string {
 	var sb strings.Builder
-	if len(s.message) > 0 {
-		message := strings.TrimSpace(s.message)
+
+	if message, ok := s.message.Load().(string); ok && len(message) > 0 {
+		message := strings.TrimSpace(message)
 		if s.messageWidth > 0 && len(message) > s.messageWidth {
 			message = message[:s.messageWidth]
 		}
--- a/readline/buffer.go
+++ b/readline/buffer.go
@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ func (b *Buffer) MoveLeft() {
 				rLength := runewidth.RuneWidth(r)

 				if b.DisplayPos%b.LineWidth == 0 {
-					fmt.Printf(CursorUp + CursorBOL + cursorRightN(b.Width))
+					fmt.Print(CursorUp + CursorBOL + CursorRightN(b.Width))
 					if rLength == 2 {
 						fmt.Print(CursorLeft)
 					}
@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ func (b *Buffer) MoveLeft() {
 						fmt.Print(CursorLeft)
 					}
 				} else {
-					fmt.Print(cursorLeftN(rLength))
+					fmt.Print(CursorLeftN(rLength))
 				}

 				b.Pos -= 1
@ -115,15 +115,15 @@ func (b *Buffer) MoveRight() {
 				b.DisplayPos += rLength

 				if b.DisplayPos%b.LineWidth == 0 {
-					fmt.Printf(CursorDown + CursorBOL + cursorRightN(len(b.Prompt.prompt())))
+					fmt.Print(CursorDown + CursorBOL + CursorRightN(len(b.Prompt.prompt())))
 				} else if (b.DisplayPos-rLength)%b.LineWidth == b.LineWidth-1 && hasSpace {
-					fmt.Printf(CursorDown + CursorBOL + cursorRightN(len(b.Prompt.prompt())+rLength))
+					fmt.Print(CursorDown + CursorBOL + CursorRightN(len(b.Prompt.prompt())+rLength))
 					b.DisplayPos += 1
 				} else if b.LineHasSpace.Size() > 0 && b.DisplayPos%b.LineWidth == b.LineWidth-1 && hasSpace {
-					fmt.Printf(CursorDown + CursorBOL + cursorRightN(len(b.Prompt.prompt())))
+					fmt.Print(CursorDown + CursorBOL + CursorRightN(len(b.Prompt.prompt())))
 					b.DisplayPos += 1
 				} else {
-					fmt.Print(cursorRightN(rLength))
+					fmt.Print(CursorRightN(rLength))
 				}
 			}
 		}
@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ func (b *Buffer) MoveToStart() {
 				fmt.Print(CursorUp)
 			}
 		}
-		fmt.Printf(CursorBOL + cursorRightN(len(b.Prompt.prompt())))
+		fmt.Print(CursorBOL + CursorRightN(len(b.Prompt.prompt())))
 		b.Pos = 0
 		b.DisplayPos = 0
 	}
@ -169,9 +169,9 @@ func (b *Buffer) MoveToEnd() {
 				fmt.Print(CursorDown)
 			}
 			remainder := b.DisplaySize() % b.LineWidth
-			fmt.Printf(CursorBOL + cursorRightN(len(b.Prompt.prompt())+remainder))
+			fmt.Print(CursorBOL + CursorRightN(len(b.Prompt.prompt())+remainder))
 		} else {
-			fmt.Print(cursorRightN(b.DisplaySize() - b.DisplayPos))
+			fmt.Print(CursorRightN(b.DisplaySize() - b.DisplayPos))
 		}

 		b.Pos = b.Buf.Size()
@ -286,8 +286,7 @@ func (b *Buffer) drawRemaining() {
 	remLength := runewidth.StringWidth(remainingText)

 	if len(currLine) > 0 {
-		fmt.Printf(ClearToEOL + currLine)
-		fmt.Print(cursorLeftN(currLineSpace))
+		fmt.Print(ClearToEOL + currLine + CursorLeftN(currLineSpace))
 	} else {
 		fmt.Print(ClearToEOL)
 	}
@ -301,9 +300,9 @@ func (b *Buffer) drawRemaining() {
 	}

 	if (b.DisplayPos+currLineSpace)%b.LineWidth == 0 && currLine == remainingText {
-		fmt.Print(cursorRightN(currLineSpace))
+		fmt.Print(CursorRightN(currLineSpace))
 		fmt.Printf("\n%s", b.Prompt.AltPrompt)
-		fmt.Printf(CursorUp + CursorBOL + cursorRightN(b.Width-currLineSpace))
+		fmt.Print(CursorUp + CursorBOL + CursorRightN(b.Width-currLineSpace))
 	}

 	// render the other lines
@ -333,9 +332,7 @@ func (b *Buffer) drawRemaining() {
 			lineLength += runewidth.RuneWidth(c)
 			fmt.Printf("%c", c)
 		}
-		fmt.Print(ClearToEOL)
-		fmt.Print(cursorUpN(totalLines))
-		fmt.Printf(CursorBOL + cursorRightN(b.Width-currLineSpace))
+		fmt.Print(ClearToEOL + CursorUpN(totalLines) + CursorBOL + CursorRightN(b.Width-currLineSpace))

 		hasSpace := b.GetLineSpacing(b.DisplayPos / b.LineWidth)

@ -357,8 +354,7 @@ func (b *Buffer) Remove() {
 				if b.DisplayPos%b.LineWidth == 0 {
 					// if the user backspaces over the word boundary, do this magic to clear the line
 					// and move to the end of the previous line
-					fmt.Printf(CursorBOL + ClearToEOL)
-					fmt.Printf(CursorUp + CursorBOL + cursorRightN(b.Width))
+					fmt.Print(CursorBOL + ClearToEOL + CursorUp + CursorBOL + CursorRightN(b.Width))

 					if b.DisplaySize()%b.LineWidth < (b.DisplaySize()-rLength)%b.LineWidth {
 						b.LineHasSpace.Remove(b.DisplayPos/b.LineWidth - 1)
@ -370,24 +366,23 @@ func (b *Buffer) Remove() {
 					}

 					if rLength == 2 {
-						fmt.Print(CursorLeft + "  " + cursorLeftN(2))
+						fmt.Print(CursorLeft + "  " + CursorLeftN(2))
 					} else {
 						fmt.Print(" " + CursorLeft)
 					}
 				} else if (b.DisplayPos-rLength)%b.LineWidth == 0 && hasSpace {
-					fmt.Printf(CursorBOL + ClearToEOL)
-					fmt.Printf(CursorUp + CursorBOL + cursorRightN(b.Width))
+					fmt.Print(CursorBOL + ClearToEOL + CursorUp + CursorBOL + CursorRightN(b.Width))

 					if b.Pos == b.Buf.Size() {
 						b.LineHasSpace.Remove(b.DisplayPos/b.LineWidth - 1)
 					}
 					b.DisplayPos -= 1
 				} else {
-					fmt.Print(cursorLeftN(rLength))
+					fmt.Print(CursorLeftN(rLength))
 					for range rLength {
 						fmt.Print(" ")
 					}
-					fmt.Print(cursorLeftN(rLength))
+					fmt.Print(CursorLeftN(rLength))
 				}

 				var eraseExtraLine bool
@ -405,9 +400,9 @@ func (b *Buffer) Remove() {
 					// are trailing characters which go over the line width boundary
 					if eraseExtraLine {
 						remainingLines := (b.DisplaySize() - b.DisplayPos) / b.LineWidth
-						fmt.Printf(cursorDownN(remainingLines+1) + CursorBOL + ClearToEOL)
+						fmt.Print(CursorDownN(remainingLines+1) + CursorBOL + ClearToEOL)
 						place := b.DisplayPos % b.LineWidth
-						fmt.Printf(cursorUpN(remainingLines+1) + cursorRightN(place+len(b.Prompt.prompt())))
+						fmt.Print(CursorUpN(remainingLines+1) + CursorRightN(place+len(b.Prompt.prompt())))
 					}
 				}
 			}
@ -422,9 +417,9 @@ func (b *Buffer) Delete() {
 		if b.DisplaySize()%b.LineWidth == 0 {
 			if b.DisplayPos != b.DisplaySize() {
 				remainingLines := (b.DisplaySize() - b.DisplayPos) / b.LineWidth
-				fmt.Printf(cursorDownN(remainingLines) + CursorBOL + ClearToEOL)
+				fmt.Print(CursorDownN(remainingLines) + CursorBOL + ClearToEOL)
 				place := b.DisplayPos % b.LineWidth
-				fmt.Printf(cursorUpN(remainingLines) + cursorRightN(place+len(b.Prompt.prompt())))
+				fmt.Print(CursorUpN(remainingLines) + CursorRightN(place+len(b.Prompt.prompt())))
 			}
 		}
 	}
@ -471,17 +466,17 @@ func (b *Buffer) DeleteWord() {
 }

 func (b *Buffer) ClearScreen() {
-	fmt.Printf(ClearScreen + CursorReset + b.Prompt.prompt())
+	fmt.Print(ClearScreen + CursorReset + b.Prompt.prompt())
 	if b.IsEmpty() {
 		ph := b.Prompt.placeholder()
-		fmt.Printf(ColorGrey + ph + cursorLeftN(len(ph)) + ColorDefault)
+		fmt.Print(ColorGrey + ph + CursorLeftN(len(ph)) + ColorDefault)
 	} else {
 		currPos := b.DisplayPos
 		currIndex := b.Pos
 		b.Pos = 0
 		b.DisplayPos = 0
 		b.drawRemaining()
-		fmt.Printf(CursorReset + cursorRightN(len(b.Prompt.prompt())))
+		fmt.Print(CursorReset + CursorRightN(len(b.Prompt.prompt())))
 		if currPos > 0 {
 			targetLine := currPos / b.LineWidth
 			if targetLine > 0 {
@ -491,10 +486,10 @@ func (b *Buffer) ClearScreen() {
 			}
 			remainder := currPos % b.LineWidth
 			if remainder > 0 {
-				fmt.Print(cursorRightN(remainder))
+				fmt.Print(CursorRightN(remainder))
 			}
 			if currPos%b.LineWidth == 0 {
-				fmt.Printf(CursorBOL + b.Prompt.AltPrompt)
+				fmt.Print(CursorBOL + b.Prompt.AltPrompt)
 			}
 		}
 		b.Pos = currIndex
@ -513,13 +508,13 @@ func (b *Buffer) Replace(r []rune) {

 	b.Buf.Clear()

-	fmt.Printf(CursorBOL + ClearToEOL)
+	fmt.Print(CursorBOL + ClearToEOL)

 	for range lineNums {
 		fmt.Print(CursorUp + CursorBOL + ClearToEOL)
 	}

-	fmt.Printf(CursorBOL + b.Prompt.prompt())
+	fmt.Print(CursorBOL + b.Prompt.prompt())

 	for _, c := range r {
 		b.Add(c)
@ -545,19 +540,3 @@ func (b *Buffer) StringNM(n, m int) string {
 	}
 	return s
 }
-
-func cursorLeftN(n int) string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf(CursorLeftN, n)
-}
-
-func cursorRightN(n int) string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf(CursorRightN, n)
-}
-
-func cursorUpN(n int) string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf(CursorUpN, n)
-}
-
-func cursorDownN(n int) string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf(CursorDownN, n)
-}
--- a/readline/readline.go
+++ b/readline/readline.go
@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ func (i *Instance) Readline() (string, error) {
 		showPlaceholder := !i.Pasting || i.Prompt.UseAlt
 		if buf.IsEmpty() && showPlaceholder {
 			ph := i.Prompt.placeholder()
-			fmt.Printf(ColorGrey + ph + fmt.Sprintf(CursorLeftN, len(ph)) + ColorDefault)
+			fmt.Print(ColorGrey + ph + CursorLeftN(len(ph)) + ColorDefault)
 		}

 		r, err := i.Terminal.Read()
--- a/readline/types.go
+++ b/readline/types.go
@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 package readline

+import "strconv"
+
 const (
 	CharNull      = 0
 	CharLineStart = 1
@ -41,34 +43,49 @@ const (
 )

 const (
-	CursorUp    = "\033[1A"
-	CursorDown  = "\033[1B"
-	CursorRight = "\033[1C"
-	CursorLeft  = "\033[1D"
+	Esc = "\x1b"

-	CursorSave    = "\033[s"
-	CursorRestore = "\033[u"
+	CursorSave    = Esc + "[s"
+	CursorRestore = Esc + "[u"

-	CursorUpN    = "\033[%dA"
-	CursorDownN  = "\033[%dB"
-	CursorRightN = "\033[%dC"
-	CursorLeftN  = "\033[%dD"
+	CursorEOL  = Esc + "[E"
+	CursorBOL  = Esc + "[1G"
+	CursorHide = Esc + "[?25l"
+	CursorShow = Esc + "[?25h"

-	CursorEOL  = "\033[E"
-	CursorBOL  = "\033[1G"
-	CursorHide = "\033[?25l"
-	CursorShow = "\033[?25h"
+	ClearToEOL  = Esc + "[K"
+	ClearLine   = Esc + "[2K"
+	ClearScreen = Esc + "[2J"
+	CursorReset = Esc + "[0;0f"

-	ClearToEOL  = "\033[K"
-	ClearLine   = "\033[2K"
-	ClearScreen = "\033[2J"
-	CursorReset = "\033[0;0f"
+	ColorGrey    = Esc + "[38;5;245m"
+	ColorDefault = Esc + "[0m"

-	ColorGrey    = "\033[38;5;245m"
-	ColorDefault = "\033[0m"
+	StartBracketedPaste = Esc + "[?2004h"
+	EndBracketedPaste   = Esc + "[?2004l"
+)

-	StartBracketedPaste = "\033[?2004h"
-	EndBracketedPaste   = "\033[?2004l"
+func CursorUpN(n int) string {
+	return Esc + "[" + strconv.Itoa(n) + "A"
+}
+
+func CursorDownN(n int) string {
+	return Esc + "[" + strconv.Itoa(n) + "B"
+}
+
+func CursorRightN(n int) string {
+	return Esc + "[" + strconv.Itoa(n) + "C"
+}
+
+func CursorLeftN(n int) string {
+	return Esc + "[" + strconv.Itoa(n) + "D"
+}
+
+var (
+	CursorUp    = CursorUpN(1)
+	CursorDown  = CursorDownN(1)
+	CursorRight = CursorRightN(1)
+	CursorLeft  = CursorLeftN(1)
 )

 const (
--- a/scripts/install.sh
+++ b/scripts/install.sh
@ -209,15 +209,15 @@ install_cuda_driver_yum() {
    case $PACKAGE_MANAGER in
        yum)
            $SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER -y install yum-utils
-            if curl -I --silent --fail --location "https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/$1$2/$(uname -m)/cuda-$1$2.repo" >/dev/null ; then
-                $SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER-config-manager --add-repo https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/$1$2/$(uname -m)/cuda-$1$2.repo
+            if curl -I --silent --fail --location "https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/$1$2/$(uname -m | sed -e 's/aarch64/sbsa/')/cuda-$1$2.repo" >/dev/null ; then
+                $SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER-config-manager --add-repo https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/$1$2/$(uname -m | sed -e 's/aarch64/sbsa/')/cuda-$1$2.repo
            else
                error $CUDA_REPO_ERR_MSG
            fi
            ;;
        dnf)
-            if curl -I --silent --fail --location "https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/$1$2/$(uname -m)/cuda-$1$2.repo" >/dev/null ; then
-                $SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER config-manager --add-repo https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/$1$2/$(uname -m)/cuda-$1$2.repo
+            if curl -I --silent --fail --location "https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/$1$2/$(uname -m | sed -e 's/aarch64/sbsa/')/cuda-$1$2.repo" >/dev/null ; then
+                $SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER config-manager --add-repo https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/$1$2/$(uname -m | sed -e 's/aarch64/sbsa/')/cuda-$1$2.repo
            else
                error $CUDA_REPO_ERR_MSG
            fi
@ -245,8 +245,8 @@ install_cuda_driver_yum() {
 # ref: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html#debian
 install_cuda_driver_apt() {
    status 'Installing NVIDIA repository...'
-    if curl -I --silent --fail --location "https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/$1$2/$(uname -m)/cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb" >/dev/null ; then
-        curl -fsSL -o $TEMP_DIR/cuda-keyring.deb https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/$1$2/$(uname -m)/cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb
+    if curl -I --silent --fail --location "https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/$1$2/$(uname -m | sed -e 's/aarch64/sbsa/')/cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb" >/dev/null ; then
+        curl -fsSL -o $TEMP_DIR/cuda-keyring.deb https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/$1$2/$(uname -m | sed -e 's/aarch64/sbsa/')/cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb
    else
        error $CUDA_REPO_ERR_MSG
    fi
--- a/server/download.go
+++ b/server/download.go
@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ func (p *blobDownloadPart) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) error {
 }

 const (
-	numDownloadParts          = 64
+	numDownloadParts          = 16
 	minDownloadPartSize int64 = 100 * format.MegaByte
 	maxDownloadPartSize int64 = 1000 * format.MegaByte
 )
@ -216,6 +216,7 @@ func (b *blobDownload) run(ctx context.Context, requestURL *url.URL, opts *regis
 		return err
 	}
 	defer file.Close()
+	setSparse(file)

 	_ = file.Truncate(b.Total)

@ -232,7 +233,7 @@ func (b *blobDownload) run(ctx context.Context, requestURL *url.URL, opts *regis

 			newOpts.CheckRedirect = func(req *http.Request, via []*http.Request) error {
 				if len(via) > 10 {
-					return errors.New("maxium redirects exceeded (10) for directURL")
+					return errors.New("maximum redirects exceeded (10) for directURL")
 				}

 				// if the hostname is the same, allow the redirect
--- a/server/images.go
+++ b/server/images.go
@ -250,6 +250,7 @@ func GetModel(name string) (*Model, error) {
 		Template:  template.DefaultTemplate,
 	}

+	if manifest.Config.Digest != "" {
 		filename, err := GetBlobsPath(manifest.Config.Digest)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
@ -264,6 +265,7 @@ func GetModel(name string) (*Model, error) {
 		if err := json.NewDecoder(configFile).Decode(&model.Config); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
+	}

 	for _, layer := range manifest.Layers {
 		filename, err := GetBlobsPath(layer.Digest)
@ -371,7 +373,7 @@ func CreateModel(ctx context.Context, name model.Name, modelFileDir, quantizatio
 	var messages []*api.Message
 	parameters := make(map[string]any)

-	var layers []*Layer
+	var layers []Layer
 	for _, c := range modelfile.Commands {
 		mediatype := fmt.Sprintf("application/vnd.ollama.image.%s", c.Name)

@ -497,7 +499,7 @@ func CreateModel(ctx context.Context, name model.Name, modelFileDir, quantizatio

 			if c.Name != "license" {
 				// replace
-				layers = slices.DeleteFunc(layers, func(layer *Layer) bool {
+				layers = slices.DeleteFunc(layers, func(layer Layer) bool {
 					if layer.MediaType != mediatype {
 						return false
 					}
@ -543,7 +545,7 @@ func CreateModel(ctx context.Context, name model.Name, modelFileDir, quantizatio
 	}

 	var err2 error
-	layers = slices.DeleteFunc(layers, func(layer *Layer) bool {
+	layers = slices.DeleteFunc(layers, func(layer Layer) bool {
 		switch layer.MediaType {
 		case "application/vnd.ollama.image.message":
 			// if there are new messages, remove the inherited ones
@ -623,12 +625,12 @@ func CreateModel(ctx context.Context, name model.Name, modelFileDir, quantizatio
 		return err
 	}

-	layer, err := NewLayer(&b, "application/vnd.docker.container.image.v1+json")
+	configLayer, err := NewLayer(&b, "application/vnd.docker.container.image.v1+json")
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

-	for _, layer := range append(layers, layer) {
+	for _, layer := range append(layers, configLayer) {
 		if layer.status != "" {
 			fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: layer.status})
 		}
@ -637,7 +639,7 @@ func CreateModel(ctx context.Context, name model.Name, modelFileDir, quantizatio
 	old, _ := ParseNamedManifest(name)

 	fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: "writing manifest"})
-	if err := WriteManifest(name, layer, layers); err != nil {
+	if err := WriteManifest(name, configLayer, layers); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

@ -714,8 +716,7 @@ func deleteUnusedLayers(skipModelPath *ModelPath, deleteMap map[string]struct{})
 		// save (i.e. delete from the deleteMap) any files used in other manifests
 		manifest, _, err := GetManifest(fmp)
 		if err != nil {
-			//nolint:nilerr
-			return nil
+			return err
 		}

 		for _, layer := range manifest.Layers {
@ -782,7 +783,8 @@ func PruneLayers() error {

 	err = deleteUnusedLayers(nil, deleteMap)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		slog.Error(fmt.Sprintf("couldn't remove unused layers: %v", err))
+		return nil
 	}

 	slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("total unused blobs removed: %d", len(deleteMap)))
@ -837,9 +839,11 @@ func PushModel(ctx context.Context, name string, regOpts *registryOptions, fn fu
 		return err
 	}

-	var layers []*Layer
+	var layers []Layer
 	layers = append(layers, manifest.Layers...)
+	if manifest.Config.Digest != "" {
 		layers = append(layers, manifest.Config)
+	}

 	for _, layer := range layers {
 		if err := uploadBlob(ctx, mp, layer, regOpts, fn); err != nil {
@ -890,9 +894,11 @@ func PullModel(ctx context.Context, name string, regOpts *registryOptions, fn fu
 			for _, l := range manifest.Layers {
 				deleteMap[l.Digest] = struct{}{}
 			}
+			if manifest.Config.Digest != "" {
 				deleteMap[manifest.Config.Digest] = struct{}{}
 			}
 		}
+	}

 	if mp.ProtocolScheme == "http" && !regOpts.Insecure {
 		return errors.New("insecure protocol http")
@ -905,9 +911,11 @@ func PullModel(ctx context.Context, name string, regOpts *registryOptions, fn fu
 		return fmt.Errorf("pull model manifest: %s", err)
 	}

-	var layers []*Layer
+	var layers []Layer
 	layers = append(layers, manifest.Layers...)
+	if manifest.Config.Digest != "" {
 		layers = append(layers, manifest.Config)
+	}

 	skipVerify := make(map[string]bool)
 	for _, layer := range layers {
@ -971,7 +979,8 @@ func PullModel(ctx context.Context, name string, regOpts *registryOptions, fn fu
 		fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: "removing any unused layers"})
 		err = deleteUnusedLayers(nil, deleteMap)
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			slog.Error(fmt.Sprintf("couldn't remove unused layers: %v", err))
+			fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: fmt.Sprintf("couldn't remove unused layers: %v", err)})
 		}
 	}

--- a/server/layer.go
+++ b/server/layer.go
@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package server

 import (
 	"crypto/sha256"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
@ -15,15 +16,15 @@ type Layer struct {
 	status    string
 }

-func NewLayer(r io.Reader, mediatype string) (*Layer, error) {
+func NewLayer(r io.Reader, mediatype string) (Layer, error) {
 	blobs, err := GetBlobsPath("")
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return Layer{}, err
 	}

 	temp, err := os.CreateTemp(blobs, "sha256-")
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return Layer{}, err
 	}
 	defer temp.Close()
 	defer os.Remove(temp.Name())
@ -31,28 +32,28 @@ func NewLayer(r io.Reader, mediatype string) (*Layer, error) {
 	sha256sum := sha256.New()
 	n, err := io.Copy(io.MultiWriter(temp, sha256sum), r)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return Layer{}, err
 	}

 	if err := temp.Close(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return Layer{}, err
 	}

 	digest := fmt.Sprintf("sha256:%x", sha256sum.Sum(nil))
 	blob, err := GetBlobsPath(digest)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return Layer{}, err
 	}

 	status := "using existing layer"
 	if _, err := os.Stat(blob); err != nil {
 		status = "creating new layer"
 		if err := os.Rename(temp.Name(), blob); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return Layer{}, err
 		}
 	}

-	return &Layer{
+	return Layer{
 		MediaType: mediatype,
 		Digest:    digest,
 		Size:      n,
@ -60,18 +61,22 @@ func NewLayer(r io.Reader, mediatype string) (*Layer, error) {
 	}, nil
 }

-func NewLayerFromLayer(digest, mediatype, from string) (*Layer, error) {
+func NewLayerFromLayer(digest, mediatype, from string) (Layer, error) {
+	if digest == "" {
+		return Layer{}, errors.New("creating new layer from layer with empty digest")
+	}
+
 	blob, err := GetBlobsPath(digest)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return Layer{}, err
 	}

 	fi, err := os.Stat(blob)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return Layer{}, err
 	}

-	return &Layer{
+	return Layer{
 		MediaType: mediatype,
 		Digest:    digest,
 		Size:      fi.Size(),
@ -81,6 +86,10 @@ func NewLayerFromLayer(digest, mediatype, from string) (*Layer, error) {
 }

 func (l *Layer) Open() (io.ReadSeekCloser, error) {
+	if l.Digest == "" {
+		return nil, errors.New("opening layer with empty digest")
+	}
+
 	blob, err := GetBlobsPath(l.Digest)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@ -90,6 +99,10 @@ func (l *Layer) Open() (io.ReadSeekCloser, error) {
 }

 func (l *Layer) Remove() error {
+	if l.Digest == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	ms, err := Manifests()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
--- a/server/manifest.go
+++ b/server/manifest.go
@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ import (
 type Manifest struct {
 	SchemaVersion int     `json:"schemaVersion"`
 	MediaType     string  `json:"mediaType"`
-	Config        *Layer   `json:"config"`
-	Layers        []*Layer `json:"layers"`
+	Config        Layer   `json:"config"`
+	Layers        []Layer `json:"layers"`

 	filepath string
 	fi       os.FileInfo
@ -47,12 +47,14 @@ func (m *Manifest) Remove() error {

 func (m *Manifest) RemoveLayers() error {
 	for _, layer := range append(m.Layers, m.Config) {
+		if layer.Digest != "" {
 			if err := layer.Remove(); errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
 				slog.Debug("layer does not exist", "digest", layer.Digest)
 			} else if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 		}
+	}

 	return nil
 }
@ -93,7 +95,7 @@ func ParseNamedManifest(n model.Name) (*Manifest, error) {
 	return &m, nil
 }

-func WriteManifest(name model.Name, config *Layer, layers []*Layer) error {
+func WriteManifest(name model.Name, config Layer, layers []Layer) error {
 	manifests, err := GetManifestPath()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
--- a/server/model.go
+++ b/server/model.go
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import (
 var intermediateBlobs map[string]string = make(map[string]string)

 type layerGGML struct {
-	*Layer
+	Layer
 	*llm.GGML
 }

@ -176,10 +176,21 @@ func parseFromFile(ctx context.Context, file *os.File, digest string, fn func(ap
 			mediatype = "application/vnd.ollama.image.projector"
 		}

-		layer, err := NewLayer(io.NewSectionReader(file, offset, n), mediatype)
+		var layer Layer
+		if digest != "" && n == stat.Size() && offset == 0 {
+			layer, err = NewLayerFromLayer(digest, mediatype, file.Name())
+			if err != nil {
+				slog.Debug("could not create new layer from layer", "error", err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Fallback to creating layer from file copy (either NewLayerFromLayer failed, or digest empty/n != stat.Size())
+		if layer.Digest == "" {
+			layer, err = NewLayer(io.NewSectionReader(file, offset, n), mediatype)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
+		}

 		layers = append(layers, &layerGGML{layer, ggml})
 		offset = n
--- a/server/model_test.go
+++ b/server/model_test.go
@ -2,8 +2,10 @@ package server

 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
@ -11,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"

 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/llm"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/template"
 )

@ -133,3 +136,82 @@ The temperature in San Francisco, CA is 70°F and in Toronto, Canada is 20°C.`,
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestParseFromFileFromLayer(t *testing.T) {
+	tempModels := t.TempDir()
+
+	file, err := os.CreateTemp(tempModels, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to open file: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+	if err := llm.WriteGGUF(file, llm.KV{"general.architecture": "gemma"}, []llm.Tensor{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to write gguf: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := file.Seek(0, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to seek to start: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	layers, err := parseFromFile(context.Background(), file, "", func(api.ProgressResponse) {})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to parse from file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(layers) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("got %d != want 1", len(layers))
+	}
+
+	if _, err := file.Seek(0, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to seek to start: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	layers2, err := parseFromFile(context.Background(), file, layers[0].Digest, func(api.ProgressResponse) {})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to parse from file: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(layers2) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("got %d != want 1", len(layers2))
+	}
+
+	if layers[0].Digest != layers2[0].Digest {
+		t.Fatalf("got %s != want %s", layers[0].Digest, layers2[0].Digest)
+	}
+
+	if layers[0].Size != layers2[0].Size {
+		t.Fatalf("got %d != want %d", layers[0].Size, layers2[0].Size)
+	}
+
+	if layers[0].MediaType != layers2[0].MediaType {
+		t.Fatalf("got %v != want %v", layers[0].MediaType, layers2[0].MediaType)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseLayerFromCopy(t *testing.T) {
+	tempModels := t.TempDir()
+
+	file2, err := os.CreateTemp(tempModels, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to open file: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer file2.Close()
+
+	for range 5 {
+		if err := llm.WriteGGUF(file2, llm.KV{"general.architecture": "gemma"}, []llm.Tensor{}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("failed to write gguf: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if _, err := file2.Seek(0, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to seek to start: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	layers, err := parseFromFile(context.Background(), file2, "", func(api.ProgressResponse) {})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to parse from file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(layers) != 5 {
+		t.Fatalf("got %d != want 5", len(layers))
+	}
+}
--- a/server/routes.go
+++ b/server/routes.go
@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import (

 	"github.com/gin-contrib/cors"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"

 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
@ -323,13 +324,10 @@ func (s *Server) EmbedHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 			input = append(input, v.(string))
 		}
 	default:
+		if req.Input != nil {
 			c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "invalid input type"})
 			return
 		}
-
-	if len(input) == 0 {
-		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, api.EmbedResponse{Model: req.Model, Embeddings: [][]float32{}})
-		return
 	}

 	r, m, opts, err := s.scheduleRunner(c.Request.Context(), req.Model, []Capability{}, req.Options, req.KeepAlive)
@ -340,12 +338,18 @@ func (s *Server) EmbedHandler(c *gin.Context) {

 	checkpointLoaded := time.Now()

+	if len(input) == 0 {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, api.EmbedResponse{Model: req.Model, Embeddings: [][]float32{}})
+		return
+	}
+
 	kvData, err := getKVData(m.ModelPath, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
 		return
 	}

+	var count int
 	for i, s := range input {
 		tokens, err := r.Tokenize(c.Request.Context(), s)
 		if err != nil {
@ -368,25 +372,36 @@ func (s *Server) EmbedHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 			}
 		}

+		count += len(tokens)
+
 		input[i] = s
 	}
-	embeddings, err := r.Embed(c.Request.Context(), input)
+
+	var g errgroup.Group
+	embeddings := make([][]float32, len(input))
+	for i, text := range input {
+		g.Go(func() error {
+			embedding, err := r.Embedding(c.Request.Context(), text)
 			if err != nil {
-		slog.Error("embedding generation failed", "error", err)
-		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "failed to generate embedding"})
-		return
+				return err
+			}
+			embeddings[i] = normalize(embedding)
+			return nil
+		})
 	}

-	for i, e := range embeddings.Embedding {
-		embeddings.Embedding[i] = normalize(e)
+	if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
+		slog.Error("embedding generation failed", "error", err)
+		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": fmt.Errorf("failed to generate embeddings: %v", err)})
+		return
 	}

 	resp := api.EmbedResponse{
 		Model:           req.Model,
-		Embeddings:      embeddings.Embedding,
+		Embeddings:      embeddings,
 		TotalDuration:   time.Since(checkpointStart),
 		LoadDuration:    checkpointLoaded.Sub(checkpointStart),
-		PromptEvalCount: embeddings.PromptEvalCount,
+		PromptEvalCount: count,
 	}
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, resp)
 }
@ -430,21 +445,20 @@ func (s *Server) EmbeddingsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}

-	embeddings, err := r.Embed(c.Request.Context(), []string{req.Prompt})
+	embedding, err := r.Embedding(c.Request.Context(), req.Prompt)
 	if err != nil {
 		slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("embedding generation failed: %v", err))
 		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "failed to generate embedding"})
 		return
 	}

-	embedding := make([]float64, len(embeddings.Embedding[0]))
-
-	for i, v := range embeddings.Embedding[0] {
-		embedding[i] = float64(v)
+	var e []float64
+	for _, v := range embedding {
+		e = append(e, float64(v))
 	}

 	resp := api.EmbeddingResponse{
-		Embedding: embedding,
+		Embedding: e,
 	}
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, resp)
 }
@ -824,6 +838,9 @@ func (s *Server) ListModelsHandler(c *gin.Context) {

 	models := []api.ListModelResponse{}
 	for n, m := range ms {
+		var cf ConfigV2
+
+		if m.Config.Digest != "" {
 			f, err := m.Config.Open()
 			if err != nil {
 				slog.Warn("bad manifest filepath", "name", n, "error", err)
@ -831,11 +848,11 @@ func (s *Server) ListModelsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 			}
 			defer f.Close()

-		var cf ConfigV2
 			if err := json.NewDecoder(f).Decode(&cf); err != nil {
 				slog.Warn("bad manifest config", "name", n, "error", err)
 				continue
 			}
+		}

 		// tag should never be masked
 		models = append(models, api.ListModelResponse{
--- a/server/routes_delete_test.go
+++ b/server/routes_delete_test.go
@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ func TestDeleteDuplicateLayers(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	// create a manifest with duplicate layers
-	if err := WriteManifest(n, config, []*Layer{config}); err != nil {
+	if err := WriteManifest(n, config, []Layer{config}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}

--- a/server/routes_test.go
+++ b/server/routes_test.go
@ -272,76 +272,6 @@ func Test_Routes(t *testing.T) {
 				assert.Equal(t, "library", retrieveResp.OwnedBy)
 			},
 		},
-		{
-			Name:   "Embed Handler Empty Input",
-			Method: http.MethodPost,
-			Path:   "/api/embed",
-			Setup: func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request) {
-				embedReq := api.EmbedRequest{
-					Model: "t-bone",
-					Input: "",
-				}
-				jsonData, err := json.Marshal(embedReq)
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				req.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(jsonData))
-			},
-			Expected: func(t *testing.T, resp *http.Response) {
-				contentType := resp.Header.Get("Content-Type")
-				if contentType != "application/json; charset=utf-8" {
-					t.Fatalf("expected content type application/json; charset=utf-8, got %s", contentType)
-				}
-				body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-				if err != nil {
-					t.Fatal(err)
-				}
-
-				var embedResp api.EmbedResponse
-				err = json.Unmarshal(body, &embedResp)
-				if err != nil {
-					t.Fatal(err)
-				}
-
-				if embedResp.Model != "t-bone" {
-					t.Fatalf("expected model t-bone, got %s", embedResp.Model)
-				}
-
-				if embedResp.Embeddings == nil {
-					t.Fatalf("expected embeddings to not be nil, got %v", embedResp.Embeddings)
-				}
-
-				if len(embedResp.Embeddings) != 0 {
-					t.Fatalf("expected embeddings to be empty, got %v", embedResp.Embeddings)
-				}
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			Name:   "Embed Handler Invalid Input",
-			Method: http.MethodPost,
-			Path:   "/api/embed",
-			Setup: func(t *testing.T, req *http.Request) {
-				embedReq := api.EmbedRequest{
-					Model: "t-bone",
-					Input: 2,
-				}
-				jsonData, err := json.Marshal(embedReq)
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-				req.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(jsonData))
-			},
-			Expected: func(t *testing.T, resp *http.Response) {
-				contentType := resp.Header.Get("Content-Type")
-				if contentType != "application/json; charset=utf-8" {
-					t.Fatalf("expected content type application/json; charset=utf-8, got %s", contentType)
-				}
-				_, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-				if err != nil {
-					t.Fatal(err)
-				}
-
-				if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusBadRequest {
-					t.Fatalf("expected status code 400, got %d", resp.StatusCode)
-				}
-			},
-		},
 	}

 	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_MODELS", t.TempDir())
--- a/server/sched.go
+++ b/server/sched.go
@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ func (s *Scheduler) load(req *LlmRequest, ggml *llm.GGML, gpus gpu.GpuInfoList,
 		// some older models are not compatible with newer versions of llama.cpp
 		// show a generalized compatibility error until there is a better way to
 		// check for model compatibility
-		if errors.Is(llm.ErrUnsupportedFormat, err) || strings.Contains(err.Error(), "failed to load model") {
+		if errors.Is(err, llm.ErrUnsupportedFormat) || strings.Contains(err.Error(), "failed to load model") {
 			err = fmt.Errorf("%v: this model may be incompatible with your version of Ollama. If you previously pulled this model, try updating it by running `ollama pull %s`", err, req.model.ShortName)
 		}
 		slog.Info("NewLlamaServer failed", "model", req.model.ModelPath, "error", err)
--- a/server/sched_test.go
+++ b/server/sched_test.go
@ -708,8 +708,8 @@ type mockLlm struct {
 	pingResp           error
 	waitResp           error
 	completionResp     error
-	embedResp          *llm.EmbedResponse
-	embedRespErr       error
+	embeddingResp      []float32
+	embeddingRespErr   error
 	tokenizeResp       []int
 	tokenizeRespErr    error
 	detokenizeResp     string
@ -727,8 +727,8 @@ func (s *mockLlm) Completion(ctx context.Context, req llm.CompletionRequest, fn
 	return s.completionResp
 }

-func (s *mockLlm) Embed(ctx context.Context, input []string) (*llm.EmbedResponse, error) {
-	return s.embedResp, s.embedRespErr
+func (s *mockLlm) Embedding(ctx context.Context, input string) ([]float32, error) {
+	return s.embeddingResp, s.embeddingRespErr
 }

 func (s *mockLlm) Tokenize(ctx context.Context, content string) ([]int, error) {
--- a/server/sparse_common.go
+++ b/server/sparse_common.go
@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package server
+
+import "os"
+
+func setSparse(*os.File) {
+}
--- a/server/sparse_windows.go
+++ b/server/sparse_windows.go
@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"os"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+func setSparse(file *os.File) {
+	// exFat (and other FS types) don't support sparse files, so ignore errors
+	windows.DeviceIoControl( //nolint:errcheck
+		windows.Handle(file.Fd()), windows.FSCTL_SET_SPARSE,
+		nil, 0,
+		nil, 0,
+		nil, nil,
+	)
+}
--- a/server/upload.go
+++ b/server/upload.go
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import (
 var blobUploadManager sync.Map

 type blobUpload struct {
-	*Layer
+	Layer

 	Total     int64
 	Completed atomic.Int64
@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ func (p *progressWriter) Rollback() {
 	p.written = 0
 }

-func uploadBlob(ctx context.Context, mp ModelPath, layer *Layer, opts *registryOptions, fn func(api.ProgressResponse)) error {
+func uploadBlob(ctx context.Context, mp ModelPath, layer Layer, opts *registryOptions, fn func(api.ProgressResponse)) error {
 	requestURL := mp.BaseURL()
 	requestURL = requestURL.JoinPath("v2", mp.GetNamespaceRepository(), "blobs", layer.Digest)

--- a/types/model/name.go
+++ b/types/model/name.go
@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ func (n Name) String() string {
 	return b.String()
 }

-// DisplayShort returns a short string version of the name.
+// DisplayShortest returns a short string version of the name.
 func (n Name) DisplayShortest() string {
 	var sb strings.Builder