From 6b252918fb5e17f9be5975efe1681a92153b8379 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Michael Yang <mxyng@pm.me>
Date: Mon, 3 Jun 2024 09:49:13 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 1/6] update convert test to check result data

---
 convert/convert_test.go                       | 111 +++++--
 .../testdata/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct.json    | 313 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../testdata/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2.json    | 313 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../testdata/Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct-v0.1.json  |   1 +
 convert/testdata/gemma-2b-it.json             | 188 +++++++++++
 llm/ggla.go                                   |  14 +-
 llm/ggml.go                                   |   7 +-
 llm/gguf.go                                   |  14 +-
 8 files changed, 924 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 convert/testdata/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct.json
 create mode 100644 convert/testdata/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2.json
 create mode 100644 convert/testdata/Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct-v0.1.json
 create mode 100644 convert/testdata/gemma-2b-it.json

diff --git a/convert/convert_test.go b/convert/convert_test.go
index 6aa33a49..a3727bed 100644
--- a/convert/convert_test.go
+++ b/convert/convert_test.go
@@ -1,29 +1,36 @@
-//go:build slow
-
 package convert
 
 import (
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"log/slog"
+	"math"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/llm"
+	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 )
 
-func convertFull(t *testing.T, p string) (llm.KV, llm.Tensors) {
+func convertFull(t *testing.T, d string) (*os.File, llm.KV, llm.Tensors) {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	mf, err := GetModelFormat(p)
+	mf, err := GetModelFormat(d)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	params, err := mf.GetParams(p)
+	params, err := mf.GetParams(d)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	arch, err := mf.GetModelArch("", p, params)
+	arch, err := mf.GetModelArch("", d, params)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -50,53 +57,91 @@ func convertFull(t *testing.T, p string) (llm.KV, llm.Tensors) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	defer r.Close()
+	t.Cleanup(func() { r.Close() })
 
-	m, _, err := llm.DecodeGGML(r)
+	m, _, err := llm.DecodeGGML(r, math.MaxInt)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	return m.KV(), m.Tensors()
+	if _, err := r.Seek(0, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	return r, m.KV(), m.Tensors()
+}
+
+func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
+	var level slog.Level
+	flag.TextVar(&level, "level", slog.LevelInfo, "log level")
+	flag.Parse()
+	slog.SetLogLoggerLevel(level)
+	os.Exit(m.Run())
 }
 
 func TestConvertFull(t *testing.T) {
-	cases := []struct {
-		path    string
-		arch    string
-		tensors int
-		layers  int
-	}{
-		{"Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct", "llama", 291, 35},
-		{"Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2", "llama", 291, 35},
-		{"Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct-v0.1", "llama", 291, 35},
-		{"gemma-2b-it", "gemma", 164, 20},
+	cases := []string{
+		"Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct",
+		"Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2",
+		"Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct-v0.1",
+		"gemma-2b-it",
 	}
 
-	for _, tt := range cases {
-		t.Run(tt.path, func(t *testing.T) {
-			p := filepath.Join("testdata", tt.path)
-			if _, err := os.Stat(p); err != nil {
+	for i := range cases {
+		tt := cases[i]
+		t.Run(tt, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			p := filepath.Join("testdata", tt)
+			if testing.Short() {
+				t.Skip("skipping in short mode")
+			} else if _, err := os.Stat(p); err != nil {
 				t.Skipf("%s not found", p)
 			}
 
-			kv, tensors := convertFull(t, p)
+			f, kv, tensors := convertFull(t, p)
+			actual := make(map[string]string)
+			for k, v := range kv {
+				if s, ok := v.(json.Marshaler); !ok {
+					actual[k] = fmt.Sprintf("%v", v)
+				} else {
+					bts, err := json.Marshal(s)
+					if err != nil {
+						t.Fatal(err)
+					}
 
-			if kv.Architecture() != tt.arch {
-				t.Fatalf("expected llama, got %s", kv.Architecture())
+					actual[k] = fmt.Sprintf("%x", sha256.Sum256(bts))
+				}
 			}
 
-			if kv.FileType().String() != "F16" {
-				t.Fatalf("expected F16, got %s", kv.FileType())
+			for _, tensor := range tensors.Items {
+				sha256sum := sha256.New()
+				sr := io.NewSectionReader(f, int64(tensors.Offset+tensor.Offset), int64(tensor.Size()))
+				if _, err := io.Copy(sha256sum, sr); err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+
+				actual[tensor.Name] = fmt.Sprintf("%x", sha256sum.Sum(nil))
 			}
 
-			if len(tensors) != tt.tensors {
-				t.Fatalf("expected %d tensors, got %d", tt.tensors, len(tensors))
+			expectFile, err := os.Open(filepath.Join("testdata", fmt.Sprintf("%s.json", tt)))
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
 			}
 
-			layers := tensors.Layers()
-			if len(layers) != tt.layers {
-				t.Fatalf("expected %d layers, got %d", tt.layers, len(layers))
+			var expect map[string]string
+			if err := json.NewDecoder(expectFile).Decode(&expect); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			keys := maps.Keys(expect)
+			slices.Sort(keys)
+			for _, k := range keys {
+				if v, ok := actual[k]; !ok {
+					t.Errorf("missing %s", k)
+				} else if v != expect[k] {
+					t.Errorf("unexpected %s: want %s, got %s", k, expect[k], v)
+				}
 			}
 		})
 	}
diff --git a/convert/testdata/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct.json b/convert/testdata/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..808826bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/convert/testdata/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct.json
@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+{
+  "general.architecture": "llama",
+  "general.file_type": "1",
+  "general.quantization_version": "2",
+  "llama.block_count": "32",
+  "llama.context_length": "8192",
+  "llama.embedding_length": "4096",
+  "llama.feed_forward_length": "14336",
+  "llama.rope.dimension_count": "128",
+  "llama.rope.freq_base": "500000",
+  "llama.vocab_size": "128256",
+  "llama.attention.head_count": "32",
+  "llama.attention.head_count_kv": "8",
+  "llama.attention.layer_norm_rms_epsilon": "1e-05",
+  "tokenizer.ggml.model": "gpt2",
+  "tokenizer.ggml.pre": "llama-bpe",
+  "tokenizer.ggml.bos_token_id": "128000",
+  "tokenizer.ggml.eos_token_id": "128009",
+  "tokenizer.ggml.merges": "d0cbac1fcc9dcf03724b8db5c9bfb593ae1cf68fb9bc72eb1d15274dcbbf618b",
+  "tokenizer.ggml.token_type": "d70a88809fd7da6f1f028622685cd64268a7a922c5d343c96f25b66327358978",
+  "tokenizer.ggml.tokens": "765b529dbcbc42dd202ce657341c63807b51f3b07e09898f6aa6196326865d5a",
+  "token_embd.weight": "b53102a11d9064bbd404833e3464b1b13e08ce73300b442312cccde2f19b2698",
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+}
diff --git a/convert/testdata/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2.json b/convert/testdata/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1da4d2ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/convert/testdata/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2.json
@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+{
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diff --git a/convert/testdata/Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct-v0.1.json b/convert/testdata/Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct-v0.1.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0967ef42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/convert/testdata/Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct-v0.1.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{}
diff --git a/convert/testdata/gemma-2b-it.json b/convert/testdata/gemma-2b-it.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0482f1e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/convert/testdata/gemma-2b-it.json
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+{
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+  "blk.6.ffn_up.weight": "8d834e4c42f13c251dfee36cf89e12f1bd400680d00d5c2e6cac0459e9ce2f7f",
+  "blk.7.attn_k.weight": "8bd0412de65a3e64901ef8fe6a28c95e116bf39dc9aa22f0126b9d36688e5ea7",
+  "blk.7.attn_norm.weight": "056d8e56be4e87d6dc6f900762f0dc6fde07bfdc50dd85bfc510415e2bba3f3d",
+  "blk.7.attn_output.weight": "27972eda51da53d416ff95aed78149a2c5a287b47d2cd46f2f544ca692ecb3bb",
+  "blk.7.attn_q.weight": "41eca977b9371f7932800c11a9c45b931310196919e2a0651b847703b180fc7f",
+  "blk.7.attn_v.weight": "13c74fd7e07f08883a09fb070a1fe5bbdd2341b4cb8d1cac07c4b637049b5774",
+  "blk.7.ffn_down.weight": "9e75db42468800849a9a7da603d0072c5e86c8ed2b4d8b20a312a51fb86a7a10",
+  "blk.7.ffn_gate.weight": "db6bdc3117f910088aaf7db51f2da63ea5bd933de36af5599c215bfb26f7db2b",
+  "blk.7.ffn_norm.weight": "48bb82b49bfc8679a1e77f282ee182d952db7a3c11be7ef9a102ee2ddd8011e2",
+  "blk.7.ffn_up.weight": "feebea87175817a0f3585ec0af09dc873d94c203581ae97a712eb356d3b49efe",
+  "blk.8.attn_k.weight": "d5640ad71b6af68d88e17bf8e7fc26c907d2262605457a84247dd9afc2884d69",
+  "blk.8.attn_norm.weight": "75b850c481a69083ae09d0207ba7317b37c735a39fcf5fef5400e6c84fb1257f",
+  "blk.8.attn_output.weight": "cbd669dbdea2bdd90f9f0cc97566b3dffff3c56cecb4f47290ceef30da83b2d6",
+  "blk.8.attn_q.weight": "9edcb63087a431bac361822497e6ecdaa06d9ea4a1a754e36da7ba9f8db81c7c",
+  "blk.8.attn_v.weight": "3fb72c2c4f95a83626aa3e30062f9450b09ab37c7871e229f18bbc5cf744633c",
+  "blk.8.ffn_down.weight": "bd69d2c9172974fff154441b237b4787fb53b2d185325442d5048130ef5bc4ef",
+  "blk.8.ffn_gate.weight": "d04689c80553edd011d1cbaa5d570fffa7fa91e88b66cf1352d89ab60b72f908",
+  "blk.8.ffn_norm.weight": "e49984183b735b7f2c4e4730c289eed9394056d2e283a00fd83ea0915df31a73",
+  "blk.8.ffn_up.weight": "8fe62a1ce8e847e567add6c6f6bf2922bc467495b5eb4c116b3cb85b85b3b211",
+  "blk.9.attn_k.weight": "d90904959e5004cf0d6e729c6bff18cc33c094798b802473c1ec55ab8d276183",
+  "blk.9.attn_norm.weight": "79277f290cc07411115d8fa138045edf4a17b3416ab2145409cbe8ab829fd4ee",
+  "blk.9.attn_output.weight": "5a21bf2e1f09a81405025f96d4153ffb630158e17269cff8ffff935c38ceb1a7",
+  "blk.9.attn_q.weight": "51b1d0febc3b350945be4504f55afa4347517bde0f710e1a4b88e6b17e71e7c7",
+  "blk.9.attn_v.weight": "aab7e1db0a8b50a03036356791ffce736ab010d15674c96eaef8049d80076054",
+  "blk.9.ffn_down.weight": "cbf43ec84becb40c9359a181ab0e641fd7faae7d34b549501f7cfb7afdc3d764",
+  "blk.9.ffn_gate.weight": "dce0e8661c778327bed7f03b6790d26710764188aed9dc746e6e05863891fa57",
+  "blk.9.ffn_norm.weight": "6d41642104f995c77bf31122b13237caebda3e7fcccb1367ce91db36b015e923",
+  "blk.9.ffn_up.weight": "82fe4c67bf24e7b2d6f6e05f7b1234c2bf90c3932951091a9066211b8e15ecbb",
+  "blk.10.attn_k.weight": "f6a9ed8fd8d3229b5d03175c413ffc56a07f2ce7236271986361dd3d8993f9aa",
+  "blk.10.attn_norm.weight": "cebbef89f0326ca8e02df3867a571e4d61c20c2a12f295f98ae590d62bc86010",
+  "blk.10.attn_output.weight": "34f5efb86accb4f06347d83a32558ea8eab3039d128969161a741ebacbb656ff",
+  "blk.10.attn_q.weight": "1e0efe27df2d5d50f7157253ba2cfd436d6781c3dc78ca176d0c16a210b5b763",
+  "blk.10.attn_v.weight": "8f085bf50a2b0f83cd6cdda3c8ef5a9e204a36348ed95871aac725d1f68640cf",
+  "blk.10.ffn_down.weight": "bf3b3cb4cace435809ac7b4cc933f20853af12f1f272d3dcefe7f19c0f203b8b",
+  "blk.10.ffn_gate.weight": "d3df7a1413b1c5adf1a1dcda9e5225a15c89874bae53bb6137ad1ea42fca2d34",
+  "blk.10.ffn_norm.weight": "a1da603b0480471b5ed8e862148cecd5fed918f8304d6933ab0bdb25b8d2fb8f",
+  "blk.10.ffn_up.weight": "bffbba605922e972dc47dda88a0b4659aa52236c76e5fe861a949e6d9a367492",
+  "blk.11.attn_k.weight": "9f31c63d66cd32c29b1eb8bb829d0c8525ce2ae936e0eefdaab6335a2d12a3df",
+  "blk.11.attn_norm.weight": "0bde1a266d8b2e8f202bb7e2e88b19147ca83021901f6d3cae77a4df5548c754",
+  "blk.11.attn_output.weight": "e10725c7cf746ed4a7e472cf7aea6cb564e5db6a1d5197adc980d650a387ccea",
+  "blk.11.attn_q.weight": "05ee758a7d065802630f8c65dca424364c1c8825e389aa33f9405c45e8a50cce",
+  "blk.11.attn_v.weight": "0c3ae7090f11775d24c51120db6e305db6aff706493e7ee123dcab74485ba789",
+  "blk.11.ffn_down.weight": "7ba40b8e12c09c5fb2006b77a771cb01ce894e88a3b3e1877f927a5b89c91709",
+  "blk.11.ffn_gate.weight": "db76388a023b98097972d354ba1c6a5e26efdeb1c596b9c28bf2cd8f6596975e",
+  "blk.11.ffn_norm.weight": "a38c3ae1b89a68ddc7b72c99c5b28be7fe3787c4fad9904d0c43d64eaf00c474",
+  "blk.11.ffn_up.weight": "13c8142f9cf1eddc658babf978daf3515c4ccc45f849f3e7e3930aa18a8480a0",
+  "blk.12.attn_k.weight": "f03241c36ac87cb57429a2ef22186b8d7d0b590a8b173beb01fa13d93772f3b1",
+  "blk.12.attn_norm.weight": "4568f654e6d65104d586e7c16ba960c83428698ce103022b7e0be15e2884e13b",
+  "blk.12.attn_output.weight": "04867603f82f91e41306e09b33ecda0104b3ee4834061f2c0bbdc8da33c72509",
+  "blk.12.attn_q.weight": "70fe04b9a8e08b6100cc8d6b58bf4cbbad15ca1de82d63baca5d352ba6c4cbae",
+  "blk.12.attn_v.weight": "15cb28db61a86c98687991d7e611bc92a1fcc6007f3432149cfb5fe518a4f65e",
+  "blk.12.ffn_down.weight": "6d10c790a4e3dc44c2dc36d96251ae97cdf30a4fa04d4c43e31bfbd038e6a7b7",
+  "blk.12.ffn_gate.weight": "3462a2d8f6b4743b25e24da51b90018ac2858d05ac7e582bcb69063cfdac1104",
+  "blk.12.ffn_norm.weight": "1f96392c1faa34e34ae5dea55a6a86c5aa4c79758952075d53d28de89dd88456",
+  "blk.12.ffn_up.weight": "d22eacc612a7411953d948483c5fb201e11722955ee0754da866e7bec578ac6d",
+  "blk.13.attn_k.weight": "5864977e6b733ea942647d6feed5c76156c48c200649c22e4e11b9e5860e57f3",
+  "blk.13.attn_norm.weight": "87e053535144723db4145aa5402acc54331b7696752d852bb9fc542ff33f0fb5",
+  "blk.13.attn_output.weight": "078145f5ad83f8b14f97a869346f7fd1583b24d1e3edadaa95d3da4242973f8f",
+  "blk.13.attn_q.weight": "3b8caf35504cbc4d1a7dd6e011a95760703b7f71e2218b030b1254f811362dd7",
+  "blk.13.attn_v.weight": "4fdf8365a603e043e5b40c4a21c84ac167f9be62794178f9d8a608dfe5653bf9",
+  "blk.13.ffn_down.weight": "a07d3abbfcacf48ba028df2cab895be32cc15022d23389a745286e79c1b1d1fd",
+  "blk.13.ffn_gate.weight": "1d2ab39666aa2909acc96787432a3ed13b19d25170f74665fadff9b17bbaffb1",
+  "blk.13.ffn_norm.weight": "4f2e809fda5f3eadf52578ee50e0ba36e53be91e55dce418c12dfe595f5f18e7",
+  "blk.13.ffn_up.weight": "8783d2720c2c37ca176a5801e0b3ef1f9cc9cf3ef1cd37af423aaf6b2a27e2bd",
+  "blk.14.attn_k.weight": "ce9428e2b55d43ae0c6690dbd56182f99adc427694ba8236b405cc8ea5035e86",
+  "blk.14.attn_norm.weight": "6abb35f9db8251d6ae954bda147c6ada2371b0574d11702e828f3c6ac99b7cc0",
+  "blk.14.attn_output.weight": "fe3880916d0ceb5bff672c88bbefb7060a545be609bf049beb2024b38221836d",
+  "blk.14.attn_q.weight": "7c8ad81be6f4a350931fd108b5f7c9e366e8c26ef62d1d85ffef5dca8fd893f8",
+  "blk.14.attn_v.weight": "e4bdedffacbebe38567a0734dfd67db90e911d9a9669fcde9a7c4ad8a0066c52",
+  "blk.14.ffn_down.weight": "ef6694dff1e05820aac0cd2b22f39ac7788b4967afc9250775575554c66aab2c",
+  "blk.14.ffn_gate.weight": "db63c4179e2db704bc505e2b4696e055b593e295a1b7c4c586fc793bdd5aab19",
+  "blk.14.ffn_norm.weight": "2796a62d832a9710148f95d533320492a33e712b2e5218659c548705bd11684d",
+  "blk.14.ffn_up.weight": "3f78c78d8c2d54df45f799d4ff902316628af296834afe4ceed63d4a324ff03e",
+  "blk.15.attn_k.weight": "6e810ee3859e07695645ee0c9a5efc7962668984a5f0a9325f47e462743b447c",
+  "blk.15.attn_norm.weight": "0956b576ae96db0b28cb09f761f801cfd9281432284664f0fe181c8d9c55d1ec",
+  "blk.15.attn_output.weight": "03a17f7e94208177aace5cc41b7f54670ba57873b7274ff6e23caf58cce110ca",
+  "blk.15.attn_q.weight": "b8edafe7d2216a6f8b4ae4905a906475490e6ea418f6e1d3cec563dbdc6fab91",
+  "blk.15.attn_v.weight": "f8ae8cae0f4cfa34a459824eba57350c3c248104ba5607e7d9dc7d7c39aaf4a6",
+  "blk.15.ffn_down.weight": "8d02eb439da852246d2ca67e9b7b6de0b090b80744355e64728a23e41926505b",
+  "blk.15.ffn_gate.weight": "ed5bf361c67db8731f186b775826f21c33bdb521111fd2d922539719a770239f",
+  "blk.15.ffn_norm.weight": "5942ca3c73209ac9a0c8bfd9b4aab7f7be7aee9aa12d9c35833493b44af76767",
+  "blk.15.ffn_up.weight": "f4bebf4ad99ec5f911327dec347be6c595814885309c7bc5647ce28c7f4d1cf5",
+  "blk.16.attn_k.weight": "756a534c19364448e0958b8948fe33891c6ccda0fbb4dfa2024e1f532a87804b",
+  "blk.16.attn_norm.weight": "386b7b9e4e6509f6af9c022d942b6c6c6cc136aeed8751ecb037c74d7c4bfb93",
+  "blk.16.attn_output.weight": "3ba1a766a25830b84d7c22178203635f9c5624caad290bc5e5d73da5d5e7a2ec",
+  "blk.16.attn_q.weight": "d39b0c91e1fda7685d50a0f7cc8d18c44b5bdc90a142c7fda0bc329cca1afa74",
+  "blk.16.attn_v.weight": "98b33fcb0ee3483cff1b06ecb44d7b7ffb4d34c268248e4d73dfdf82b2065b2f",
+  "blk.16.ffn_down.weight": "14006f5e4acb2f9416271ae562e299359cd2585739c7fc77ccbca54495563948",
+  "blk.16.ffn_gate.weight": "12f8abae2d301d8f88bedb6af98b1daecc7b0b8d05148594f931f30958d77aca",
+  "blk.16.ffn_norm.weight": "129a15a046ee96d06de288bd43c80f77a6b0fb3a159c7367154c6e4aaf362672",
+  "blk.16.ffn_up.weight": "b4a5911a45f3871ef1d4efb7dc7108645a564b70f818eccf45beebef2e844ee9",
+  "blk.17.attn_k.weight": "5e1bfcff0146ebdde3817b656952892eb671e14e75afc92fa53f84f8eecbec4c",
+  "blk.17.attn_norm.weight": "60bc988fab7c4b29ee9de599df41a8de00caa94fcd74677da011fac82f60f465",
+  "blk.17.attn_output.weight": "ba49b40d6a0b5685f749c24b0edbed3adc44dbe13b5d5e5fa1e56169fc746555",
+  "blk.17.attn_q.weight": "82bb415d24efcd14d03ace03f907bb70db6a204c76a0bdd1892e0fba165db87d",
+  "blk.17.attn_v.weight": "73dbe54beb91a899884e275ea81ffc5187a20cb7d5b68d5c299b783096999d94",
+  "blk.17.ffn_down.weight": "7c086166241e0664f8963fd1ca4ed74c737abfb2525ec20f8435821ff50158f3",
+  "blk.17.ffn_gate.weight": "51a32f78244d42a539f619c5ce661db9e6cf41636280a826d439b5444edcd28c",
+  "blk.17.ffn_norm.weight": "c4bb247fccd1ecc84875028af63dd20aaf5cbd17eb94a9bc36679c09285dccab",
+  "blk.17.ffn_up.weight": "b5886182790bc6fbadd63de9bc4ffee416f3b69a66280d197ab8c18edf769abf",
+  "output_norm.weight": "481f3097d0a20412e35b3a739b1b958487bcd41ff67744baa3c9acbddd2ee4d4"
+}
diff --git a/llm/ggla.go b/llm/ggla.go
index 34c4f6ca..831f6071 100644
--- a/llm/ggla.go
+++ b/llm/ggla.go
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ type ggla struct {
 
 	kv      KV
 	tensors []*Tensor
+
+	tensorOffset uint64
 }
 
 func newGGLA(container *containerGGLA) *ggla {
@@ -50,7 +52,10 @@ func (llm *ggla) KV() KV {
 }
 
 func (llm *ggla) Tensors() Tensors {
-	return llm.tensors
+	return Tensors{
+		Items:  llm.tensors,
+		Offset: llm.tensorOffset,
+	}
 }
 
 func (llm *ggla) decode(rs io.ReadSeeker) (retErr error) {
@@ -66,6 +71,13 @@ func (llm *ggla) decode(rs io.ReadSeeker) (retErr error) {
 	}
 	llm.kv["alpha"] = alpha
 
+	offset, err := rs.Seek(0, io.SeekCurrent)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	llm.tensorOffset = uint64(offset)
+
 	for {
 		var dims uint32
 		if err := binary.Read(rs, binary.LittleEndian, &dims); err != nil {
diff --git a/llm/ggml.go b/llm/ggml.go
index fddb5039..d7f2eef7 100644
--- a/llm/ggml.go
+++ b/llm/ggml.go
@@ -112,11 +112,14 @@ func (kv KV) ChatTemplate() string {
 	return s
 }
 
-type Tensors []*Tensor
+type Tensors struct {
+	Items  []*Tensor
+	Offset uint64
+}
 
 func (ts Tensors) Layers() map[string]Layer {
 	layers := make(map[string]Layer)
-	for _, t := range ts {
+	for _, t := range ts.Items {
 		parts := strings.Split(t.Name, ".")
 		if parts[0] == "blk" {
 			// join first and second part, e.g. blk.%d
diff --git a/llm/gguf.go b/llm/gguf.go
index a8427aed..aadfc4ba 100644
--- a/llm/gguf.go
+++ b/llm/gguf.go
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ type gguf struct {
 	tensors []*Tensor
 
 	parameters uint64
+	tensorOffset uint64
 
 	scratch [16 << 10]byte
 }
@@ -109,7 +110,10 @@ func (llm *gguf) KV() KV {
 }
 
 func (llm *gguf) Tensors() Tensors {
-	return llm.tensors
+	return Tensors{
+		Items:  llm.tensors,
+		Offset: llm.tensorOffset,
+	}
 }
 
 func (llm *gguf) numTensor() uint64 {
@@ -236,6 +240,14 @@ func (llm *gguf) Decode(rs io.ReadSeeker) error {
 		alignment = 32
 	}
 
+	offset, err := rs.Seek(0, io.SeekCurrent)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	padding := llm.padding(offset, int64(alignment))
+	llm.tensorOffset = uint64(offset + padding)
+
 	for _, tensor := range llm.tensors {
 		offset, err := rs.Seek(0, io.SeekCurrent)
 		if err != nil {

From 5e9db9fb0bcefbe599734b02dd030f4a347ce576 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Michael Yang <mxyng@pm.me>
Date: Fri, 31 May 2024 20:00:49 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 2/6] refactor convert

---
 convert/convert.go                            | 243 +++++-------
 convert/convert_gemma.go                      | 103 ++++++
 convert/convert_llama.go                      | 182 +++++++++
 convert/convert_mixtral.go                    |  89 +++++
 convert/convert_test.go                       |  25 +-
 convert/gemma.go                              | 102 -----
 convert/llama.go                              | 159 --------
 convert/mistral.go                            |  84 -----
 convert/mixtral.go                            |  87 -----
 convert/reader.go                             |  74 ++++
 convert/reader_safetensors.go                 | 140 +++++++
 convert/reader_torch.go                       |  46 +++
 convert/safetensors.go                        | 309 ----------------
 .../testdata/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2.json    |   2 +-
 .../testdata/Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct-v0.1.json  | 349 +++++++++++++++++-
 convert/tokenizer.go                          | 265 ++++++++++---
 convert/tokenizer_spm.go                      |  83 +++++
 convert/torch.go                              | 287 --------------
 llm/gguf.go                                   | 326 +++++++---------
 llm/memory_test.go                            |   6 +-
 server/model.go                               |  26 +-
 server/routes_create_test.go                  |   5 +-
 server/routes_generate_test.go                |   8 +-
 server/sched_test.go                          |   8 +-
 24 files changed, 1514 insertions(+), 1494 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 convert/convert_gemma.go
 create mode 100644 convert/convert_llama.go
 create mode 100644 convert/convert_mixtral.go
 delete mode 100644 convert/gemma.go
 delete mode 100644 convert/llama.go
 delete mode 100644 convert/mistral.go
 delete mode 100644 convert/mixtral.go
 create mode 100644 convert/reader.go
 create mode 100644 convert/reader_safetensors.go
 create mode 100644 convert/reader_torch.go
 delete mode 100644 convert/safetensors.go
 create mode 100644 convert/tokenizer_spm.go
 delete mode 100644 convert/torch.go

diff --git a/convert/convert.go b/convert/convert.go
index 103de457..4ad64d72 100644
--- a/convert/convert.go
+++ b/convert/convert.go
@@ -1,200 +1,123 @@
 package convert
 
 import (
-	"cmp"
-	"encoding/binary"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"log/slog"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
-	"slices"
-	"strings"
 
-	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
-
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/convert/sentencepiece"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/llm"
 )
 
-const (
-	_ int32 = iota
-	tokenTypeNormal
-	tokenTypeUnknown
-	tokenTypeControl
-	tokenTypeUserDefined
-	tokenTypeUnused
-	tokenTypeByte
-)
-
-type Params struct {
-	Architectures     []string `json:"architectures"`
-	VocabSize         int      `json:"vocab_size"`
-	HiddenSize        int      `json:"hidden_size"`       // n_embd
-	HiddenLayers      int      `json:"num_hidden_layers"` // n_layer
-	ContextSize       int      `json:"max_position_embeddings"`
-	IntermediateSize  int      `json:"intermediate_size"`
-	AttentionHeads    int      `json:"num_attention_heads"` // n_head
-	KeyValHeads       int      `json:"num_key_value_heads"`
-	NormEPS           float64  `json:"rms_norm_eps"`
-	BoSTokenID        int      `json:"bos_token_id"`
-	EoSTokenID        int      `json:"eos_token_id"`
-	HeadDimension     int      `json:"head_dim"`
-	PaddingTokenID    int      `json:"pad_token_id"`
-	RopeFrequencyBase float64  `json:"rope_theta"`
-
-	Experts     int `json:"num_local_experts"`
-	ExpertsUsed int `json:"num_experts_per_tok"`
-
-	PreTokenizer string
-
-	ByteOrder
+type Parameters struct {
+	Architectures []string `json:"architectures"`
+	VocabSize     uint32   `json:"vocab_size"`
 }
 
-type ByteOrder interface {
-	binary.ByteOrder
-	binary.AppendByteOrder
+func (Parameters) KV(t *Tokenizer) llm.KV {
+	kv := llm.KV{
+		"general.file_type":            uint32(1),
+		"general.quantization_version": uint32(2),
+		"tokenizer.ggml.pre":           t.Pre,
+		"tokenizer.ggml.model":         t.Vocabulary.Model,
+		"tokenizer.ggml.tokens":        t.Vocabulary.Tokens,
+		"tokenizer.ggml.scores":        t.Vocabulary.Scores,
+		"tokenizer.ggml.token_type":    t.Vocabulary.Types,
+	}
+
+	if t.Template != "" {
+		kv["tokenizer.chat_template"] = t.Template
+	}
+
+	for _, sv := range t.SpecialVocabulary {
+		kv[fmt.Sprintf("tokenizer.ggml.%s_token_id", sv.Key())] = uint32(sv.ID)
+		kv[fmt.Sprintf("tokenizer.ggml.add_%s_token", sv.Key())] = sv.AddToken
+	}
+
+	return kv
 }
 
-type ModelArch interface {
-	GetTensors() error
-	LoadVocab() error
-	WriteGGUF(io.WriteSeeker) error
+func (Parameters) specialTypes() []string {
+	return []string{
+		"bos", "eos", "unk", "sep", "pad", "cls", "mask",
+	}
 }
 
-type ModelFormat interface {
-	GetLayerName(string) (string, error)
-	GetTensors(string, *Params) ([]llm.Tensor, error)
-	GetParams(string) (*Params, error)
-	GetModelArch(string, string, *Params) (ModelArch, error)
+func (Parameters) writeFile(ws io.WriteSeeker, kv llm.KV, ts []*llm.Tensor) error {
+	return llm.WriteGGUF(ws, kv, ts)
 }
 
-type ModelData struct {
-	Path    string
-	Name    string
-	Params  *Params
-	Vocab   *Vocab
-	Tensors []llm.Tensor
-	Format  ModelFormat
+type Converter interface {
+	// KV maps parameters to LLM key-values
+	KV(*Tokenizer) llm.KV
+	// Tensors maps input tensors to LLM tensors. Model specific modifications can be done here.
+	Tensors([]Tensor) []*llm.Tensor
+
+	// tensorName returns the LLM tensor name for a specific input name
+	tensorName(string) string
+	// specialTypes returns any special token types the model uses
+	specialTypes() []string
+	writeFile(io.WriteSeeker, llm.KV, []*llm.Tensor) error
 }
 
-func GetModelFormat(dirname string) (ModelFormat, error) {
-	files, err := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(dirname, "*"))
+func Convert(d string, ws io.WriteSeeker) error {
+	f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join(d, "config.json"))
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	var p Parameters
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(f).Decode(&p); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
-	for _, fn := range files {
-		if strings.HasSuffix(fn, ".safetensors") {
-			return &SafetensorFormat{}, nil
-		} else if strings.HasSuffix(fn, ".bin") || strings.HasSuffix(fn, ".pth") {
-			slog.Debug("model is torch")
-			return &TorchFormat{}, nil
-		}
+	if len(p.Architectures) < 1 {
+		return errors.New("unknown architecture")
 	}
 
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't determine model format")
-}
+	var c Converter
+	switch p.Architectures[0] {
+	case "LlamaForCausalLM", "MistralForCausalLM":
+		c = &llama{}
+	case "MixtralForCausalLM":
+		c = &mixtral{}
+	case "GemmaForCausalLM":
+		c = &gemma{}
+	default:
+		return errors.New("unsupported architecture")
+	}
 
-// Details on gguf's tokenizer can be found at:
-// https://github.com/ggerganov/ggml/blob/master/docs/gguf.md#tokenizer
-type Vocab struct {
-	Tokens []string
-	Scores []float32
-	Types  []int32
-	Merges []string
-}
-
-func LoadSentencePieceTokens(dirpath string, params *Params) (*Vocab, error) {
-	slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("reading vocab from %s", filepath.Join(dirpath, "tokenizer.model")))
-	in, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dirpath, "tokenizer.model"))
+	bts, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(d, "config.json"))
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return err
 	}
 
-	// To regenerate sentencepiece from the protobufs use:
-	// protoc -I=./ --go_out=./ sentencepiece_model.proto
-	modelProto := &sentencepiece.ModelProto{}
-	if err := proto.Unmarshal(in, modelProto); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(bts, c); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
-	v := &Vocab{
-		Tokens: make([]string, 0),
-		Scores: make([]float32, 0),
-		Types:  make([]int32, 0),
+	t, err := parseTokenizer(d, c.specialTypes())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
-	pieces := modelProto.GetPieces()
-	for _, p := range pieces {
-		v.Tokens = append(v.Tokens, p.GetPiece())
-		v.Scores = append(v.Scores, p.GetScore())
-		t := p.GetType()
-		switch t {
-		case sentencepiece.ModelProto_SentencePiece_UNKNOWN:
-		case sentencepiece.ModelProto_SentencePiece_CONTROL:
-		case sentencepiece.ModelProto_SentencePiece_UNUSED:
-		case sentencepiece.ModelProto_SentencePiece_BYTE:
-		default:
-			t = sentencepiece.ModelProto_SentencePiece_NORMAL
-		}
-		v.Types = append(v.Types, int32(t))
-	}
-
-	slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("vocab size: %d", len(v.Tokens)))
-
-	// add any additional tokens
-	addIn, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dirpath, "added_tokens.json"))
-	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		return v, nil
-	} else if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	slog.Info("reading user defined tokens")
-
-	var extraTokenData map[string]int
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(addIn, &extraTokenData); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	type token struct {
-		key string
-		pos int
-	}
-
-	extraTokens := make([]token, 0)
-	for k, id := range extraTokenData {
-		extraTokens = append(extraTokens, token{k, id})
-	}
-
-	slices.SortFunc(extraTokens, func(a, b token) int {
-		return cmp.Compare(a.pos, b.pos)
-	})
-
-	numToks := len(v.Tokens)
-
-	for cnt, t := range extraTokens {
-		// the token id should match the specific index for the total number of tokens
-		if t.pos != cnt+numToks {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("token ID '%d' for '%s' doesn't match total token size", t.pos, t.key)
-		}
-		v.Tokens = append(v.Tokens, t.key)
-		v.Scores = append(v.Scores, -1000.0)
-		v.Types = append(v.Types, tokenTypeUserDefined)
-	}
-	slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("vocab size w/ extra tokens: %d", len(v.Tokens)))
-
-	if params.VocabSize > len(v.Tokens) {
-		missingTokens := params.VocabSize - len(v.Tokens)
-		slog.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("vocab is missing %d tokens", missingTokens))
-		for cnt := range missingTokens {
-			v.Tokens = append(v.Tokens, fmt.Sprintf("<dummy%05d>", cnt+1))
-			v.Scores = append(v.Scores, -1)
-			v.Types = append(v.Types, tokenTypeUserDefined)
+	if vocabSize := int(p.VocabSize); vocabSize > len(t.Vocabulary.Tokens) {
+		slog.Warn("vocabulary is smaller than expected, padding with dummy tokens", "expect", p.VocabSize, "actual", len(t.Vocabulary.Tokens))
+		for i := range vocabSize - len(t.Vocabulary.Tokens) {
+			t.Vocabulary.Tokens = append(t.Vocabulary.Tokens, fmt.Sprintf("[PAD%d]", i))
+			t.Vocabulary.Scores = append(t.Vocabulary.Scores, -1)
+			t.Vocabulary.Types = append(t.Vocabulary.Types, tokenTypeUserDefined)
 		}
 	}
 
-	return v, nil
+	ts, err := parseTensors(d)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return c.writeFile(ws, c.KV(t), c.Tensors(ts))
 }
diff --git a/convert/convert_gemma.go b/convert/convert_gemma.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..332fee7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/convert/convert_gemma.go
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+package convert
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/pdevine/tensor"
+	"github.com/pdevine/tensor/native"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/llm"
+)
+
+type gemma struct {
+	Parameters
+	MaxPositionEmbeddings uint32  `json:"max_position_embeddings"`
+	HiddenSize            uint32  `json:"hidden_size"`
+	HiddenLayers          uint32  `json:"num_hidden_layers"`
+	IntermediateSize      uint32  `json:"intermediate_size"`
+	NumAttentionHeads     uint32  `json:"num_attention_heads"`
+	NumKeyValueHeads      uint32  `json:"num_key_value_heads"`
+	RMSNormEPS            float32 `json:"rms_norm_eps"`
+	HeadDim               uint32  `json:"head_dim"`
+}
+
+var _ Converter = (*gemma)(nil)
+
+func (p *gemma) KV(t *Tokenizer) llm.KV {
+	kv := p.Parameters.KV(t)
+	kv["general.architecture"] = "gemma"
+	kv["general.name"] = "gemma"
+	kv["gemma.context_length"] = p.MaxPositionEmbeddings
+	kv["gemma.embedding_length"] = p.HiddenSize
+	kv["gemma.block_count"] = p.HiddenLayers
+	kv["gemma.feed_forward_length"] = p.IntermediateSize
+	kv["gemma.attention.head_count"] = p.NumAttentionHeads
+	kv["gemma.attention.head_count_kv"] = p.NumKeyValueHeads
+	kv["gemma.attention.layer_norm_rms_epsilon"] = p.RMSNormEPS
+	kv["gemma.attention.key_length"] = p.HeadDim
+	kv["gemma.attention.value_length"] = p.HeadDim
+	kv["tokenizer.ggml.eot_token_id"] = uint32(107)
+	kv["tokenizer.ggml.middle_token_id"] = uint32(68)
+	kv["tokenizer.ggml.prefix_token_id"] = uint32(67)
+	kv["tokenizer.ggml.suffix_token_id"] = uint32(69)
+	return kv
+}
+
+func (p *gemma) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []*llm.Tensor {
+	var out []*llm.Tensor
+	for _, t := range ts {
+		name := p.tensorName(t.Name())
+		if strings.HasSuffix(name, "_norm.weight") {
+			t.SetRepacker(p.addOne)
+		}
+
+		out = append(out, &llm.Tensor{
+			Name:     name,
+			Kind:     t.Kind(),
+			Shape:    t.Shape(),
+			WriterTo: t,
+		})
+	}
+
+	return out
+}
+
+func (p *gemma) tensorName(n string) string {
+	return strings.NewReplacer(
+		"model.embed_tokens", "token_embd",
+		"model.norm", "output_norm",
+		"model.layers", "blk",
+		"input_layernorm", "attn_norm",
+		"self_attn.q_proj", "attn_q",
+		"self_attn.k_proj", "attn_k",
+		"self_attn.v_proj", "attn_v",
+		"self_attn.o_proj", "attn_output",
+		"mlp.gate_proj", "ffn_gate",
+		"mlp.down_proj", "ffn_down",
+		"mlp.up_proj", "ffn_up",
+		"post_attention_layernorm", "ffn_norm",
+		"block_sparse_moe.gate", "ffn_inp",
+	).Replace(n)
+}
+
+func (*gemma) addOne(_ string, data []float32, shape []uint64) ([]float32, error) {
+	n := tensor.New(tensor.WithShape(int(shape[0])), tensor.WithBacking(data))
+	ones := tensor.Ones(tensor.Float32, int(shape[0]))
+
+	n, err := n.Add(ones)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	ts, err := native.SelectF32(n, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var f32s []float32
+	for _, t := range ts {
+		f32s = append(f32s, t...)
+	}
+
+	return f32s, nil
+}
diff --git a/convert/convert_llama.go b/convert/convert_llama.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..700049d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/convert/convert_llama.go
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+package convert
+
+import (
+	"cmp"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/llm"
+	"github.com/pdevine/tensor"
+	"github.com/pdevine/tensor/native"
+)
+
+type llama struct {
+	Parameters
+	NLayers               uint32  `json:"n_layers"`
+	NumHiddenLayers       uint32  `json:"num_hidden_layers"`
+	NLayer                uint32  `json:"n_layer"`
+	MaxPositionEmbeddings uint32  `json:"max_position_embeddings"`
+	NCtx                  uint32  `json:"n_ctx"`
+	HiddenSize            uint32  `json:"hidden_size"`
+	NEmbd                 uint32  `json:"n_embd"`
+	IntermediateSize      uint32  `json:"intermediate_size"`
+	NInner                uint32  `json:"n_inner"`
+	NumAttentionHeads     uint32  `json:"num_attention_heads"`
+	NHead                 uint32  `json:"n_head"`
+	NumKeyValueHeads      uint32  `json:"num_key_value_heads"`
+	RopeTheta             float32 `json:"rope_theta"`
+	RopeScaling           struct {
+		Type   string  `json:"type"`
+		Factor float32 `json:"factor"`
+	} `json:"rope_scaling"`
+	RMSNormEPS       float32 `json:"rms_norm_eps"`
+	LayerNormEPS     float32 `json:"layer_norm_eps"`
+	LayerNormEpsilon float32 `json:"layer_norm_epsilon"`
+	NormEpsilon      float32 `json:"norm_epsilon"`
+	HeadDim          uint32  `json:"head_dim"`
+}
+
+var _ Converter = (*llama)(nil)
+
+func (p *llama) KV(t *Tokenizer) llm.KV {
+	kv := p.Parameters.KV(t)
+	kv["general.architecture"] = "llama"
+	kv["general.name"] = "llama"
+	kv["llama.vocab_size"] = p.VocabSize
+
+	kv["llama.block_count"] = cmp.Or(p.NLayers, p.NumHiddenLayers, p.NLayer)
+
+	if contextLength := cmp.Or(p.MaxPositionEmbeddings, p.NCtx); contextLength > 0 {
+		kv["llama.context_length"] = contextLength
+	}
+
+	if embeddingLength := cmp.Or(p.HiddenSize, p.NEmbd); embeddingLength > 0 {
+		kv["llama.embedding_length"] = cmp.Or(p.HiddenSize, p.NEmbd)
+	}
+
+	if feedForwardLength := cmp.Or(p.IntermediateSize, p.NInner); feedForwardLength > 0 {
+		kv["llama.feed_forward_length"] = cmp.Or(p.IntermediateSize, p.NInner)
+	}
+
+	if headCount := cmp.Or(p.NumAttentionHeads, p.NHead); headCount > 0 {
+		kv["llama.attention.head_count"] = cmp.Or(p.NumAttentionHeads, p.NHead)
+		kv["llama.rope.dimension_count"] = p.HiddenSize / headCount
+	}
+
+	if p.RopeTheta > 0 {
+		kv["llama.rope.freq_base"] = p.RopeTheta
+	}
+
+	if p.RopeScaling.Type == "linear" {
+		kv["llama.rope.scaling.type"] = p.RopeScaling.Type
+		kv["llama.rope.scaling.factor"] = p.RopeScaling.Factor
+	}
+
+	if p.NumKeyValueHeads > 0 {
+		kv["llama.attention.head_count_kv"] = p.NumKeyValueHeads
+	}
+
+	if p.RMSNormEPS > 0 {
+		kv["llama.attention.layer_norm_rms_epsilon"] = p.RMSNormEPS
+	}
+
+	if layerNormEpsilon := cmp.Or(p.LayerNormEPS, p.LayerNormEpsilon, p.NormEpsilon); layerNormEpsilon > 0 {
+		kv["llama.attention.layer_norm_epsilon"] = layerNormEpsilon
+	}
+
+	if p.HeadDim > 0 {
+		kv["llama.attention.key_length"] = p.HeadDim
+		kv["llama.attention.value_length"] = p.HeadDim
+	}
+
+	if len(t.Merges) > 0 {
+		kv["tokenizer.ggml.merges"] = t.Merges
+	}
+
+	return kv
+}
+
+func (p *llama) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []*llm.Tensor {
+	var out []*llm.Tensor
+	for _, t := range ts {
+		name := p.tensorName(t.Name())
+		if strings.HasSuffix(name, "attn_q.weight") ||
+			strings.HasSuffix(name, "attn_k.weight") {
+			t.SetRepacker(p.repack)
+		}
+
+		out = append(out, &llm.Tensor{
+			Name:     name,
+			Kind:     t.Kind(),
+			Shape:    t.Shape(),
+			WriterTo: t,
+		})
+	}
+
+	return out
+}
+
+func (p *llama) tensorName(n string) string {
+	return strings.NewReplacer(
+		"lm_head", "output",
+		"model.embed_tokens", "token_embd",
+		"model.norm", "output_norm",
+		"model.layers", "blk",
+		"input_layernorm", "attn_norm",
+		"self_attn.q_proj", "attn_q",
+		"self_attn.k_proj", "attn_k",
+		"self_attn.v_proj", "attn_v",
+		"self_attn.o_proj", "attn_output",
+		"mlp.gate_proj", "ffn_gate",
+		"mlp.down_proj", "ffn_down",
+		"mlp.up_proj", "ffn_up",
+		"post_attention_layernorm", "ffn_norm",
+		// mixtral
+		"block_sparse_moe.gate", "ffn_gate_inp",
+	).Replace(n)
+}
+
+func (p *llama) repack(name string, data []float32, shape []uint64) ([]float32, error) {
+	var dims []int
+	for _, dim := range shape {
+		dims = append(dims, int(dim))
+	}
+
+	var heads uint32
+	if strings.HasSuffix(name, "q_proj.weight") {
+		heads = p.NumAttentionHeads
+	} else if strings.HasSuffix(name, "k_proj.weight") {
+		heads = cmp.Or(p.NumKeyValueHeads, p.NumAttentionHeads)
+	} else {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown tensor for repack: %s", name)
+	}
+
+	n := tensor.New(tensor.WithShape(dims...), tensor.WithBacking(data))
+	if err := n.Reshape(append([]int{int(heads), 2, dims[0] / int(heads) / 2}, dims[1:]...)...); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if err := n.T(0, 2, 1, 3); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if err := n.Reshape(dims...); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if err := n.Transpose(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	ts, err := native.SelectF32(n, 1)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var f32s []float32
+	for _, t := range ts {
+		f32s = append(f32s, t...)
+	}
+
+	return f32s, nil
+}
diff --git a/convert/convert_mixtral.go b/convert/convert_mixtral.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c55a27f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/convert/convert_mixtral.go
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+package convert
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/llm"
+)
+
+type mixtral struct {
+	llama
+	NumLocalExperts    uint32 `json:"num_local_experts"`
+	NumExpertsPerToken uint32 `json:"num_experts_per_tok"`
+}
+
+var _ Converter = (*mixtral)(nil)
+
+func (p *mixtral) KV(t *Tokenizer) llm.KV {
+	kv := p.llama.KV(t)
+
+	if p.NumLocalExperts > 0 {
+		kv["llama.expert_count"] = p.NumLocalExperts
+	}
+
+	if p.NumExpertsPerToken > 0 {
+		kv["llama.expert_used_count"] = p.NumExpertsPerToken
+	}
+
+	return kv
+}
+
+func (p *mixtral) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []*llm.Tensor {
+	oldnew := []string{
+		"model.layers", "blk",
+		"w1", "ffn_gate_exps",
+		"w2", "ffn_down_exps",
+		"w3", "ffn_up_exps",
+	}
+
+	for i := range p.NumLocalExperts {
+		oldnew = append(oldnew, fmt.Sprintf(".block_sparse_moe.experts.%d.", i), ".")
+	}
+
+	// group experts of the same layer (model.layers.%d) and type (w[123]) into a single tensor
+	namer := strings.NewReplacer(oldnew...)
+	experts := make(map[string]experts)
+
+	// merge experts into a single tensor while removing them from ts
+	ts = slices.DeleteFunc(ts, func(t Tensor) bool {
+		if !strings.Contains(t.Name(), ".block_sparse_moe.experts.") {
+			return false
+		}
+
+		name := namer.Replace(t.Name())
+		experts[name] = append(experts[name], t)
+		return true
+	})
+
+	var out []*llm.Tensor
+	for n, e := range experts {
+		// TODO(mxyng): sanity check experts
+		out = append(out, &llm.Tensor{
+			Name:     n,
+			Kind:     e[0].Kind(),
+			Shape:    append([]uint64{uint64(len(e))}, e[0].Shape()...),
+			WriterTo: e,
+		})
+	}
+
+	return append(out, p.llama.Tensors(ts)...)
+}
+
+type experts []Tensor
+
+func (e experts) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (int64, error) {
+	// TODO(mxyng): experts _should_ be numerically sorted by expert but this should check
+	for _, t := range e {
+		// the canonical merged experts tensor stacks all experts along a new, 0 axis,
+		// e.g. `tensor.Stack(0, e[0], e[1:]...)`, which requires allocating temporary buffers
+		// this accomplishes the same thing by writing each expert tensor in sequence
+		if _, err := t.WriteTo(w); err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0, nil
+}
diff --git a/convert/convert_test.go b/convert/convert_test.go
index a3727bed..0fbd436f 100644
--- a/convert/convert_test.go
+++ b/convert/convert_test.go
@@ -20,36 +20,13 @@ import (
 func convertFull(t *testing.T, d string) (*os.File, llm.KV, llm.Tensors) {
 	t.Helper()
 
-	mf, err := GetModelFormat(d)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	params, err := mf.GetParams(d)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	arch, err := mf.GetModelArch("", d, params)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	if err := arch.LoadVocab(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	if err := arch.GetTensors(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
 	f, err := os.CreateTemp(t.TempDir(), "f16")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	defer f.Close()
 
-	if err := arch.WriteGGUF(f); err != nil {
+	if err := Convert(d, f); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
diff --git a/convert/gemma.go b/convert/gemma.go
deleted file mode 100644
index d01ffedf..00000000
--- a/convert/gemma.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
-package convert
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"log/slog"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/pdevine/tensor"
-	"github.com/pdevine/tensor/native"
-
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/llm"
-)
-
-type GemmaModel struct {
-	ModelData
-}
-
-func addOnes(data []float32, vectorSize int) ([]float32, error) {
-	n := tensor.New(tensor.WithShape(vectorSize), tensor.WithBacking(data))
-	ones := tensor.Ones(tensor.Float32, vectorSize)
-
-	n, err := n.Add(ones)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	ts, err := native.SelectF32(n, 0)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	var f32s []float32
-	for _, t := range ts {
-		f32s = append(f32s, t...)
-	}
-
-	return f32s, nil
-}
-
-func (m *GemmaModel) GetTensors() error {
-	t, err := m.Format.GetTensors(m.Path, m.Params)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	slog.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("Total tensors: %d", len(t)))
-	for _, l := range t {
-		if strings.HasSuffix(l.Name, "norm.weight") {
-			wt := l.WriterTo.(safetensorWriterTo)
-			wt.repacker = m.Repack
-			l.WriterTo = wt
-		}
-		m.Tensors = append(m.Tensors, l)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *GemmaModel) LoadVocab() error {
-	v, err := LoadSentencePieceTokens(m.Path, m.Params)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	m.Vocab = v
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *GemmaModel) Repack(_ string, data []float32, shape []uint64) ([]float32, error) {
-	return addOnes(data, int(shape[0]))
-}
-
-func (m *GemmaModel) WriteGGUF(ws io.WriteSeeker) error {
-	kv := llm.KV{
-		"general.architecture":                   "gemma",
-		"general.name":                           m.Name,
-		"gemma.context_length":                   uint32(m.Params.ContextSize),
-		"gemma.embedding_length":                 uint32(m.Params.HiddenSize),
-		"gemma.block_count":                      uint32(m.Params.HiddenLayers),
-		"gemma.feed_forward_length":              uint32(m.Params.IntermediateSize),
-		"gemma.attention.head_count":             uint32(m.Params.AttentionHeads),
-		"gemma.attention.head_count_kv":          uint32(m.Params.KeyValHeads),
-		"gemma.attention.layer_norm_rms_epsilon": float32(m.Params.NormEPS),
-		"gemma.attention.key_length":             uint32(m.Params.HeadDimension),
-		"gemma.attention.value_length":           uint32(m.Params.HeadDimension),
-		"general.file_type":                      uint32(1),
-		"tokenizer.ggml.model":                   "llama",
-
-		"tokenizer.ggml.tokens":     m.Vocab.Tokens,
-		"tokenizer.ggml.scores":     m.Vocab.Scores,
-		"tokenizer.ggml.token_type": m.Vocab.Types,
-
-		"tokenizer.ggml.bos_token_id":     uint32(m.Params.BoSTokenID),
-		"tokenizer.ggml.eos_token_id":     uint32(m.Params.EoSTokenID),
-		"tokenizer.ggml.padding_token_id": uint32(m.Params.PaddingTokenID),
-		"tokenizer.ggml.unknown_token_id": uint32(3),
-		"tokenizer.ggml.add_bos_token":    true,
-		"tokenizer.ggml.add_eos_token":    false,
-	}
-
-	return llm.NewGGUFV3(m.Params.ByteOrder).Encode(ws, kv, m.Tensors)
-}
diff --git a/convert/llama.go b/convert/llama.go
deleted file mode 100644
index b4211b02..00000000
--- a/convert/llama.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,159 +0,0 @@
-package convert
-
-import (
-	"cmp"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"regexp"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/pdevine/tensor"
-	"github.com/pdevine/tensor/native"
-
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/llm"
-)
-
-type LlamaModel struct {
-	ModelData
-}
-
-func (m *LlamaModel) GetTensors() error {
-	t, err := m.Format.GetTensors(m.Path, m.Params)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	pattern := `^blk\.[0-9]+\.attn_(?P<layer>q|k)\.weight$`
-	re, err := regexp.Compile(pattern)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	for _, l := range t {
-		matches := re.FindAllStringSubmatch(l.Name, -1)
-		if len(matches) > 0 {
-			switch m.Format.(type) {
-			case *TorchFormat:
-				wt := l.WriterTo.(torchWriterTo)
-				wt.repacker = m.Repack
-				l.WriterTo = wt
-			case *SafetensorFormat:
-				wt := l.WriterTo.(safetensorWriterTo)
-				wt.repacker = m.Repack
-				l.WriterTo = wt
-			}
-		}
-		m.Tensors = append(m.Tensors, l)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *LlamaModel) LoadVocab() (err error) {
-	pre, ts, merges, err := parseTokens(filepath.Join(m.Path, "tokenizer.json"))
-	if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-		return nil
-	} else if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	m.Vocab = &Vocab{}
-	for _, t := range ts {
-		m.Vocab.Tokens = append(m.Vocab.Tokens, t.Content)
-		m.Vocab.Types = append(m.Vocab.Types, t.Type())
-	}
-
-	m.Vocab.Merges = merges
-	m.Params.PreTokenizer = pre
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *LlamaModel) WriteGGUF(ws io.WriteSeeker) error {
-	kv := llm.KV{
-		"general.architecture":                   "llama",
-		"general.name":                           m.Name,
-		"llama.vocab_size":                       uint32(len(m.Vocab.Tokens)),
-		"llama.context_length":                   uint32(m.Params.ContextSize),
-		"llama.embedding_length":                 uint32(m.Params.HiddenSize),
-		"llama.block_count":                      uint32(m.Params.HiddenLayers),
-		"llama.feed_forward_length":              uint32(m.Params.IntermediateSize),
-		"llama.rope.freq_base":                   float32(m.Params.RopeFrequencyBase),
-		"llama.rope.dimension_count":             uint32(m.Params.HiddenSize / m.Params.AttentionHeads),
-		"llama.attention.head_count":             uint32(m.Params.AttentionHeads),
-		"llama.attention.head_count_kv":          uint32(m.Params.KeyValHeads),
-		"llama.attention.layer_norm_rms_epsilon": float32(m.Params.NormEPS),
-		"general.file_type":                      uint32(1),
-		"tokenizer.ggml.model":                   "gpt2",
-
-		"tokenizer.ggml.pre":        m.Params.PreTokenizer,
-		"tokenizer.ggml.tokens":     m.Vocab.Tokens,
-		"tokenizer.ggml.token_type": m.Vocab.Types,
-
-		"tokenizer.ggml.bos_token_id":     uint32(m.Params.BoSTokenID),
-		"tokenizer.ggml.eos_token_id":     uint32(m.Params.EoSTokenID),
-		"tokenizer.ggml.unknown_token_id": uint32(0),
-	}
-
-	if len(m.Vocab.Merges) > 0 {
-		kv["tokenizer.ggml.merges"] = m.Vocab.Merges
-	} else {
-		kv["tokenizer.ggml.scores"] = m.Vocab.Scores
-	}
-
-	return llm.NewGGUFV3(m.Params.ByteOrder).Encode(ws, kv, m.Tensors)
-}
-
-func (m *LlamaModel) Repack(name string, data []float32, shape []uint64) ([]float32, error) {
-	return llamaRepack(name, m.Params, data, shape)
-}
-
-func llamaRepack(name string, params *Params, data []float32, shape []uint64) ([]float32, error) {
-	var dims []int
-	for _, dim := range shape {
-		if dim != 0 {
-			dims = append(dims, int(dim))
-		}
-	}
-
-	var heads int
-	switch {
-	case strings.HasSuffix(name, "attn_q.weight"):
-		heads = params.AttentionHeads
-	case strings.HasSuffix(name, "attn_k.weight"):
-		heads = cmp.Or(params.KeyValHeads, params.AttentionHeads)
-	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown tensor name: %s", name)
-	}
-
-	n := tensor.New(tensor.WithShape(dims...), tensor.WithBacking(data))
-	if err := n.Reshape(append([]int{heads, 2, dims[0] / heads / 2}, dims[1:]...)...); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	if err := n.T(0, 2, 1, 3); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	if err := n.Reshape(dims...); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	if err := n.Transpose(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	ts, err := native.SelectF32(n, 1)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	var f32s []float32
-	for _, t := range ts {
-		f32s = append(f32s, t...)
-	}
-
-	return f32s, nil
-}
diff --git a/convert/mistral.go b/convert/mistral.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 8fe066d6..00000000
--- a/convert/mistral.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,84 +0,0 @@
-package convert
-
-import (
-	"io"
-	"regexp"
-
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/llm"
-)
-
-type MistralModel struct {
-	ModelData
-}
-
-func (m *MistralModel) GetTensors() error {
-	t, err := m.Format.GetTensors(m.Path, m.Params)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	pattern := `^blk\.[0-9]+\.attn_(?P<layer>q|k)\.weight$`
-	re, err := regexp.Compile(pattern)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	for _, l := range t {
-		matches := re.FindAllStringSubmatch(l.Name, -1)
-		if len(matches) > 0 {
-			wt := l.WriterTo.(safetensorWriterTo)
-			wt.repacker = m.Repack
-			l.WriterTo = wt
-		}
-		m.Tensors = append(m.Tensors, l)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *MistralModel) LoadVocab() error {
-	v, err := LoadSentencePieceTokens(m.Path, m.Params)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	m.Vocab = v
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *MistralModel) WriteGGUF(ws io.WriteSeeker) error {
-	kv := llm.KV{
-		"general.architecture":                   "llama",
-		"general.name":                           m.Name,
-		"llama.context_length":                   uint32(m.Params.ContextSize),
-		"llama.embedding_length":                 uint32(m.Params.HiddenSize),
-		"llama.block_count":                      uint32(m.Params.HiddenLayers),
-		"llama.feed_forward_length":              uint32(m.Params.IntermediateSize),
-		"llama.rope.dimension_count":             uint32(m.Params.HiddenSize / m.Params.AttentionHeads),
-		"llama.attention.head_count":             uint32(m.Params.AttentionHeads),
-		"llama.attention.head_count_kv":          uint32(m.Params.KeyValHeads),
-		"llama.attention.layer_norm_rms_epsilon": float32(m.Params.NormEPS),
-		"general.file_type":                      uint32(1),
-		"tokenizer.ggml.model":                   "llama",
-
-		"tokenizer.ggml.tokens":     m.Vocab.Tokens,
-		"tokenizer.ggml.scores":     m.Vocab.Scores,
-		"tokenizer.ggml.token_type": m.Vocab.Types,
-
-		"tokenizer.ggml.bos_token_id":     uint32(m.Params.BoSTokenID),
-		"tokenizer.ggml.eos_token_id":     uint32(m.Params.EoSTokenID),
-		"tokenizer.ggml.add_bos_token":    true,
-		"tokenizer.ggml.add_eos_token":    false,
-		"tokenizer.ggml.unknown_token_id": uint32(0),
-	}
-
-	if m.Params.HeadDimension > 0 {
-		kv["llama.attention.key_length"] = uint32(m.Params.HeadDimension)
-		kv["llama.attention.value_length"] = uint32(m.Params.HeadDimension)
-	}
-
-	return llm.NewGGUFV3(m.Params.ByteOrder).Encode(ws, kv, m.Tensors)
-}
-
-func (m *MistralModel) Repack(name string, data []float32, shape []uint64) ([]float32, error) {
-	return llamaRepack(name, m.Params, data, shape)
-}
diff --git a/convert/mixtral.go b/convert/mixtral.go
deleted file mode 100644
index baea68cd..00000000
--- a/convert/mixtral.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-package convert
-
-import (
-	"io"
-	"regexp"
-
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/llm"
-)
-
-type MixtralModel struct {
-	ModelData
-}
-
-func (m *MixtralModel) GetTensors() error {
-	t, err := m.Format.GetTensors(m.Path, m.Params)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	pattern := `^blk\.[0-9]+\.attn_(?P<layer>q|k)\.weight$`
-	re, err := regexp.Compile(pattern)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	for _, l := range t {
-		matches := re.FindAllStringSubmatch(l.Name, -1)
-		if len(matches) > 0 {
-			wt := l.WriterTo.(safetensorWriterTo)
-			wt.repacker = m.Repack
-			l.WriterTo = wt
-		}
-		m.Tensors = append(m.Tensors, l)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *MixtralModel) LoadVocab() error {
-	v, err := LoadSentencePieceTokens(m.Path, m.Params)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	m.Vocab = v
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *MixtralModel) WriteGGUF(ws io.WriteSeeker) error {
-	kv := llm.KV{
-		"general.architecture":          "llama",
-		"general.name":                  m.Name,
-		"llama.block_count":             uint32(m.Params.HiddenLayers),
-		"llama.context_length":          uint32(m.Params.ContextSize),
-		"llama.embedding_length":        uint32(m.Params.HiddenSize),
-		"llama.feed_forward_length":     uint32(m.Params.IntermediateSize),
-		"llama.attention.head_count":    uint32(m.Params.AttentionHeads),
-		"llama.attention.head_count_kv": uint32(m.Params.KeyValHeads),
-
-		"llama.rope.freq_base":                   float32(m.Params.RopeFrequencyBase),
-		"llama.attention.layer_norm_rms_epsilon": float32(m.Params.NormEPS),
-
-		"llama.expert_count":      uint32(m.Params.Experts),
-		"llama.expert_used_count": uint32(m.Params.ExpertsUsed),
-
-		"llama.vocab_size":           uint32(len(m.Vocab.Tokens)),
-		"llama.rope.dimension_count": uint32(m.Params.HiddenSize / m.Params.AttentionHeads),
-
-		"general.file_type":    uint32(1),
-		"tokenizer.ggml.model": "llama",
-
-		"tokenizer.ggml.tokens":     m.Vocab.Tokens,
-		"tokenizer.ggml.scores":     m.Vocab.Scores,
-		"tokenizer.ggml.token_type": m.Vocab.Types,
-
-		"tokenizer.ggml.bos_token_id":     uint32(m.Params.BoSTokenID),
-		"tokenizer.ggml.eos_token_id":     uint32(m.Params.EoSTokenID),
-		"tokenizer.ggml.unknown_token_id": uint32(0),
-		"tokenizer.ggml.add_bos_token":    true,
-		"tokenizer.ggml.add_eos_token":    false,
-	}
-
-	return llm.NewGGUFV3(m.Params.ByteOrder).Encode(ws, kv, m.Tensors)
-}
-
-func (m *MixtralModel) Repack(name string, data []float32, shape []uint64) ([]float32, error) {
-	return llamaRepack(name, m.Params, data, shape)
-}
diff --git a/convert/reader.go b/convert/reader.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9be8ac2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/convert/reader.go
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package convert
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+type Tensor interface {
+	Name() string
+	Shape() []uint64
+	Kind() uint32
+	SetRepacker(repacker)
+	WriteTo(io.Writer) (int64, error)
+}
+
+type tensorBase struct {
+	name  string
+	shape []uint64
+	repacker
+}
+
+func (t tensorBase) Name() string {
+	return t.name
+}
+
+func (t tensorBase) Shape() []uint64 {
+	return t.shape
+}
+
+func (t tensorBase) Kind() uint32 {
+	if strings.HasSuffix(t.name, ".block_sparse_moe.gate.weight") {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	switch len(t.shape) {
+	case 0:
+		panic("invalid tensor shape")
+	case 1:
+		return 0
+	default:
+		return 1
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *tensorBase) SetRepacker(fn repacker) {
+	t.repacker = fn
+}
+
+type repacker func(string, []float32, []uint64) ([]float32, error)
+
+func parseTensors(d string) ([]Tensor, error) {
+	patterns := map[string]func(...string) ([]Tensor, error){
+		"model-*-of-*.safetensors": parseSafetensors,
+		"model.safetensors":        parseSafetensors,
+		"pytorch_model-*-of-*.bin": parseTorch,
+		"pytorch_model.bin":        parseTorch,
+		"consolidated.*.pth":       parseTorch,
+	}
+
+	for pattern, parseFn := range patterns {
+		matches, err := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(d, pattern))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		if len(matches) > 0 {
+			return parseFn(matches...)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil, errors.New("unknown tensor format")
+}
diff --git a/convert/reader_safetensors.go b/convert/reader_safetensors.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..440581af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/convert/reader_safetensors.go
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+package convert
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"slices"
+
+	"github.com/d4l3k/go-bfloat16"
+	"github.com/x448/float16"
+	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
+)
+
+type safetensorMetadata struct {
+	Type    string   `json:"dtype"`
+	Shape   []uint64 `json:"shape"`
+	Offsets []int64  `json:"data_offsets"`
+}
+
+func parseSafetensors(ps ...string) ([]Tensor, error) {
+	var ts []Tensor
+	for _, p := range ps {
+		f, err := os.Open(p)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		defer f.Close()
+
+		var n int64
+		if err := binary.Read(f, binary.LittleEndian, &n); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		b := bytes.NewBuffer(make([]byte, 0, n))
+		if _, err = io.CopyN(b, f, n); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		var headers map[string]safetensorMetadata
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(b).Decode(&headers); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		keys := maps.Keys(headers)
+		slices.Sort(keys)
+
+		for _, key := range keys {
+			if value := headers[key]; value.Type != "" {
+				ts = append(ts, safetensor{
+					path:   p,
+					dtype:  value.Type,
+					offset: safetensorsPad(n, value.Offsets[0]),
+					size:   safetensorsPad(n, value.Offsets[1]) - safetensorsPad(n, value.Offsets[0]),
+					tensorBase: &tensorBase{
+						name:  key,
+						shape: value.Shape,
+					},
+				})
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ts, nil
+}
+
+func safetensorsPad(n, s int64) int64 {
+	return 8 + n + s
+}
+
+type safetensor struct {
+	path   string
+	dtype  string
+	offset int64
+	size   int64
+	*tensorBase
+}
+
+func (st safetensor) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (int64, error) {
+	f, err := os.Open(st.path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	if _, err = f.Seek(st.offset, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	var f32s []float32
+	switch st.dtype {
+	case "F32":
+		f32s = make([]float32, st.size/4)
+		if err = binary.Read(f, binary.LittleEndian, f32s); err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+	case "F16":
+		u16s := make([]uint16, st.size/2)
+		if err = binary.Read(f, binary.LittleEndian, u16s); err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+
+		for _, b := range u16s {
+			f32s = append(f32s, float16.Frombits(b).Float32())
+		}
+
+	case "BF16":
+		u8s := make([]uint8, st.size)
+		if err = binary.Read(f, binary.LittleEndian, u8s); err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+
+		f32s = bfloat16.DecodeFloat32(u8s)
+	default:
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unknown data type: %s", st.dtype)
+	}
+
+	if st.repacker != nil {
+		f32s, err = st.repacker(st.Name(), f32s, st.Shape())
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	switch st.Kind() {
+	case 0:
+		return 0, binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, f32s)
+	case 1:
+		f16s := make([]uint16, len(f32s))
+		for i := range f32s {
+			f16s[i] = float16.Fromfloat32(f32s[i]).Bits()
+		}
+
+		return 0, binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, f16s)
+	default:
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unknown storage type: %d", st.Kind())
+	}
+}
diff --git a/convert/reader_torch.go b/convert/reader_torch.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1428706e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/convert/reader_torch.go
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package convert
+
+import (
+	"io"
+
+	"github.com/nlpodyssey/gopickle/pytorch"
+	"github.com/nlpodyssey/gopickle/types"
+)
+
+func parseTorch(ps ...string) ([]Tensor, error) {
+	var ts []Tensor
+	for _, p := range ps {
+		pt, err := pytorch.Load(p)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		for _, k := range pt.(*types.Dict).Keys() {
+			t := pt.(*types.Dict).MustGet(k)
+
+			var shape []uint64
+			for dim := range t.(*pytorch.Tensor).Size {
+				shape = append(shape, uint64(dim))
+			}
+
+			ts = append(ts, torch{
+				storage: t.(*pytorch.Tensor).Source,
+				tensorBase: &tensorBase{
+					name:  k.(string),
+					shape: shape,
+				},
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ts, nil
+}
+
+type torch struct {
+	storage pytorch.StorageInterface
+	*tensorBase
+}
+
+func (pt torch) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (int64, error) {
+	return 0, nil
+}
diff --git a/convert/safetensors.go b/convert/safetensors.go
deleted file mode 100644
index f45687f1..00000000
--- a/convert/safetensors.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,309 +0,0 @@
-package convert
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"encoding/binary"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"regexp"
-	"slices"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/d4l3k/go-bfloat16"
-	"github.com/x448/float16"
-
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/llm"
-)
-
-type safetensorWriterTo struct {
-	t *llm.Tensor
-
-	params *Params
-	bo     ByteOrder
-
-	filename string
-	dtype    string
-
-	offset, size int64
-	repacker     func(string, []float32, []uint64) ([]float32, error)
-}
-
-type safetensorMetadata struct {
-	Type    string   `json:"dtype"`
-	Shape   []uint64 `json:"shape"`
-	Offsets []int64  `json:"data_offsets"`
-}
-
-type SafetensorFormat struct{}
-
-func (m *SafetensorFormat) GetTensors(dirpath string, params *Params) ([]llm.Tensor, error) {
-	var tensors []llm.Tensor
-	matches, err := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(dirpath, "*.safetensors"))
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	var offset uint64
-	for _, f := range matches {
-		var t []llm.Tensor
-		var err error
-		t, offset, err = m.readTensors(f, offset, params)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		tensors = append(tensors, t...)
-	}
-	return tensors, nil
-}
-
-func (m *SafetensorFormat) readTensors(fn string, offset uint64, params *Params) ([]llm.Tensor, uint64, error) {
-	f, err := os.Open(fn)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, 0, err
-	}
-	defer f.Close()
-
-	var n int64
-	if err := binary.Read(f, binary.LittleEndian, &n); err != nil {
-		return nil, 0, err
-	}
-
-	b := bytes.NewBuffer(make([]byte, 0, n))
-	if _, err = io.CopyN(b, f, n); err != nil {
-		return nil, 0, err
-	}
-
-	var headers map[string]safetensorMetadata
-	if err := json.NewDecoder(b).Decode(&headers); err != nil {
-		return nil, 0, err
-	}
-
-	var keys []string
-	for key := range headers {
-		if !strings.HasSuffix(key, "self_attn.rotary_embd.inv_freq") {
-			keys = append(keys, key)
-		}
-	}
-
-	slices.Sort(keys)
-
-	var tensors []llm.Tensor
-	for _, key := range keys {
-		value := headers[key]
-
-		var kind uint32
-		switch len(value.Shape) {
-		case 0:
-			// valuedata
-			continue
-		case 2:
-			kind = 1
-		}
-
-		name, err := m.GetLayerName(key)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, 0, err
-		}
-
-		shape := make([]uint64, len(value.Shape))
-		copy(shape, value.Shape)
-
-		pad := func(s int64) int64 {
-			return 8 + n + s
-		}
-
-		t := llm.Tensor{
-			Name:   name,
-			Kind:   kind,
-			Offset: offset,
-			Shape:  shape,
-		}
-
-		t.WriterTo = safetensorWriterTo{
-			t:        &t,
-			params:   params,
-			bo:       params.ByteOrder,
-			filename: fn,
-			dtype:    value.Type,
-			offset:   pad(value.Offsets[0]),
-			size:     pad(value.Offsets[1]) - pad(value.Offsets[0]),
-		}
-
-		offset += t.Size()
-		tensors = append(tensors, t)
-	}
-
-	return tensors, offset, nil
-}
-
-func (m *SafetensorFormat) GetParams(dirpath string) (*Params, error) {
-	f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join(dirpath, "config.json"))
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	defer f.Close()
-
-	var params Params
-
-	if err := json.NewDecoder(f).Decode(&params); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	params.ByteOrder = binary.LittleEndian
-	return &params, nil
-}
-
-func (m *SafetensorFormat) GetLayerName(n string) (string, error) {
-	directMap := map[string]string{
-		"model.embed_tokens.weight": "token_embd.weight",
-		"lm_head.weight":            "output.weight",
-		"model.norm.weight":         "output_norm.weight",
-	}
-
-	tMap := map[string]string{
-		"model.layers.(\\d+).input_layernorm.weight":                    "blk.$1.attn_norm.weight",
-		"model.layers.(\\d+).mlp.down_proj.weight":                      "blk.$1.ffn_down.weight",
-		"model.layers.(\\d+).mlp.gate_proj.weight":                      "blk.$1.ffn_gate.weight",
-		"model.layers.(\\d+).mlp.up_proj.weight":                        "blk.$1.ffn_up.weight",
-		"model.layers.(\\d+).post_attention_layernorm.weight":           "blk.$1.ffn_norm.weight",
-		"model.layers.(\\d+).self_attn.k_proj.weight":                   "blk.$1.attn_k.weight",
-		"model.layers.(\\d+).self_attn.o_proj.weight":                   "blk.$1.attn_output.weight",
-		"model.layers.(\\d+).self_attn.q_proj.weight":                   "blk.$1.attn_q.weight",
-		"model.layers.(\\d+).self_attn.v_proj.weight":                   "blk.$1.attn_v.weight",
-		"model.layers.(\\d+).block_sparse_moe.gate.weight":              "blk.$1.ffn_gate_inp.weight",
-		"model.layers.(\\d+).block_sparse_moe.experts.(\\d+).w1.weight": "blk.$1.ffn_gate.$2.weight",
-		"model.layers.(\\d+).block_sparse_moe.experts.(\\d+).w2.weight": "blk.$1.ffn_down.$2.weight",
-		"model.layers.(\\d+).block_sparse_moe.experts.(\\d+).w3.weight": "blk.$1.ffn_up.$2.weight",
-	}
-
-	v, ok := directMap[n]
-	if ok {
-		return v, nil
-	}
-
-	// quick hack to rename the layers to gguf format
-	for k, v := range tMap {
-		re := regexp.MustCompile(k)
-		newName := re.ReplaceAllString(n, v)
-		if newName != n {
-			return newName, nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	return "", fmt.Errorf("couldn't find a layer name for '%s'", n)
-}
-
-func (r safetensorWriterTo) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (n int64, err error) {
-	f, err := os.Open(r.filename)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	defer f.Close()
-
-	if _, err = f.Seek(r.offset, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-
-	var f32s []float32
-	switch r.dtype {
-	case "F32":
-		f32s = make([]float32, r.size/4)
-		if err = binary.Read(f, r.bo, f32s); err != nil {
-			return 0, err
-		}
-	case "F16":
-		u16s := make([]uint16, r.size/2)
-		if err = binary.Read(f, r.bo, u16s); err != nil {
-			return 0, err
-		}
-
-		for _, b := range u16s {
-			f32s = append(f32s, float16.Frombits(b).Float32())
-		}
-
-	case "BF16":
-		u8s := make([]uint8, r.size)
-		if err = binary.Read(f, r.bo, u8s); err != nil {
-			return 0, err
-		}
-
-		f32s = bfloat16.DecodeFloat32(u8s)
-	default:
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unknown data type: %s", r.dtype)
-	}
-
-	if r.repacker != nil {
-		f32s, err = r.repacker(r.t.Name, f32s, r.t.Shape)
-		if err != nil {
-			return 0, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	switch r.t.Kind {
-	case 0:
-		return 0, binary.Write(w, r.bo, f32s)
-	case 1:
-		f16s := make([]uint16, len(f32s))
-		for i := range f32s {
-			f16s[i] = float16.Fromfloat32(f32s[i]).Bits()
-		}
-
-		return 0, binary.Write(w, r.bo, f16s)
-	default:
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unknown storage type: %d", r.t.Kind)
-	}
-}
-
-func (m *SafetensorFormat) GetModelArch(name, dirPath string, params *Params) (ModelArch, error) {
-	switch len(params.Architectures) {
-	case 0:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("No architecture specified to convert")
-	case 1:
-		switch params.Architectures[0] {
-		case "LlamaForCausalLM":
-			return &LlamaModel{
-				ModelData{
-					Name:   name,
-					Path:   dirPath,
-					Params: params,
-					Format: m,
-				},
-			}, nil
-		case "MistralForCausalLM":
-			return &MistralModel{
-				ModelData{
-					Name:   name,
-					Path:   dirPath,
-					Params: params,
-					Format: m,
-				},
-			}, nil
-		case "MixtralForCausalLM":
-			return &MixtralModel{
-				ModelData{
-					Name:   name,
-					Path:   dirPath,
-					Params: params,
-					Format: m,
-				},
-			}, nil
-		case "GemmaForCausalLM":
-			return &GemmaModel{
-				ModelData{
-					Name:   name,
-					Path:   dirPath,
-					Params: params,
-					Format: m,
-				},
-			}, nil
-		default:
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("Models based on '%s' are not yet supported", params.Architectures[0])
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unknown error")
-}
diff --git a/convert/testdata/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2.json b/convert/testdata/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2.json
index 1da4d2ad..88d447b3 100644
--- a/convert/testdata/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2.json
+++ b/convert/testdata/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2.json
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
   "general.quantization_version": "2",
   "llama.block_count": "32",
   "llama.context_length": "32768",
-  "llama.embedding_length": "",
+  "llama.embedding_length": "4096",
   "llama.feed_forward_length": "14336",
   "llama.attention.head_count": "32",
   "llama.attention.head_count_kv": "8",
diff --git a/convert/testdata/Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct-v0.1.json b/convert/testdata/Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct-v0.1.json
index 0967ef42..a1596532 100644
--- a/convert/testdata/Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct-v0.1.json
+++ b/convert/testdata/Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct-v0.1.json
@@ -1 +1,348 @@
-{}
+{
+  "general.architecture": "llama",
+  "general.file_type": "1",
+  "general.quantization_version": "2",
+  "llama.block_count": "32",
+  "llama.context_length": "32768",
+  "llama.embedding_length": "4096",
+  "llama.feed_forward_length": "14336",
+  "llama.rope.dimension_count": "128",
+  "llama.rope.freq_base": "1e+06",
+  "llama.attention.head_count": "32",
+  "llama.attention.head_count_kv": "8",
+  "llama.attention.layer_norm_rms_epsilon": "1e-05",
+  "llama.expert_count": "8",
+  "llama.expert_used_count": "2",
+  "tokenizer.ggml.model": "llama",
+  "tokenizer.ggml.add_bos_token": "true",
+  "tokenizer.ggml.add_eos_token": "false",
+  "tokenizer.ggml.bos_token_id": "1",
+  "tokenizer.ggml.eos_token_id": "2",
+  "tokenizer.ggml.unknown_token_id": "0",
+  "tokenizer.ggml.scores": "e3d3eea80bb41a1213f2d0aa3e8a38581d1f19323be77dbd779c9c7e3b72e676",
+  "tokenizer.ggml.token_type": "6040635e6bd38d98af06698feb75c1802bad35180ee6ae0a503e38c0f60fd71e",
+  "tokenizer.ggml.tokens": "604ac4bfbd019e430d7b6cdf18c6c0cd5b967900601f0307f714ec7773aa5ca6",
+  "token_embd.weight": "1d1d1d39a867d5a4bfb32792a47247d2638c10c95a6259391d02843583505cc4",
+  "blk.0.ffn_gate_exps.weight": "2e5cd43ac3f26c44f071926ff6c3f239ecc52a34bc9a5b5906d3d4c1bf2fbbfa",
+  "blk.0.ffn_down_exps.weight": "a4dfc7e7c96e7402eb70279601675b956bb7331da8101e63fe5c0a611b6972e5",
+  "blk.0.ffn_up_exps.weight": "2d5d87b378b2319c344ed2c642598b6f7cb6beeb582a8ea51abc9ae690d473c3",
+  "blk.0.ffn_gate_inp.weight": "a46aaf5aba7401ce6e41f158242b4879d34901661f3ede85496cbd0ce79d6314",
+  "blk.0.attn_norm.weight": "3fe37d913bdd2b65076bcdd6efe64a37b0b03cacbb1b80b9f7089068aa35f38c",
+  "blk.0.ffn_norm.weight": "5e14308a3c894734eb204c8f558bdc817e94bbd5b4e9cb4094e91ba388c8f7f2",
+  "blk.0.attn_k.weight": "73d943dcac0911e87bd771f4aa1c901e1bfe1aed293af06e1a67812159859f67",
+  "blk.0.attn_output.weight": "4c5f754c855e262e8d4c94c6fbbb57af06399dc0e170d7d99a1a17fc9aab9227",
+  "blk.0.attn_q.weight": "d6fd7403c873d49c05f6f03208f30d99ad34cb3b71c9990c47334d502a8e4c7b",
+  "blk.0.attn_v.weight": "cf17cf64b2d683bd9de6cebaf60e5c264df6fdc38fe719dde9d54c80334f6366",
+  "blk.1.ffn_gate_inp.weight": "0d524de81cd915816b4e714bf595ad6946a9130b3de731cd89428b2781230809",
+  "blk.1.attn_k.weight": "2ea47f412992b374c70674730fe84700e0c8cce177086ce9b6635e42408964bd",
+  "blk.1.attn_output.weight": "b4b2520794d54113e86c8ff678eacfc62e35be4395a594a6c8c22b4383ebcc0c",
+  "blk.1.attn_q.weight": "5db930c98c4f91f6eab57eb974c72210b158e366d23d6d2890b2759c053bee33",
+  "blk.1.attn_v.weight": "079bdde09668394bf7af9f8bc175017b4f48f0ab64e6dd855a4d7561d1693c0f",
+  "blk.1.ffn_gate_exps.weight": "146a62de19f9ab093deb101f9640534ffc3dc40d69f508be12fc0475d01b0c7a",
+  "blk.1.ffn_down_exps.weight": "949da94a3c0f375160672a979e85f7def284264b10d48d038238aad5f5ece793",
+  "blk.1.ffn_up_exps.weight": "7016a3f467d9e3f2f4b4019579ed86b757469cd367f2b225483305376b4bb3c1",
+  "blk.1.attn_norm.weight": "1614d1e6ed537737275eb888666c7bac533f4eefbe73dec92b591045ca9e1afd",
+  "blk.1.ffn_norm.weight": "405a455fa7d1ec36894652ceb554bbcb09a07fd6405f42741e66dc4a4665c19c",
+  "blk.2.ffn_gate_exps.weight": "90d5003fc7421f44220c0842d43128955e91488f6f785fe570b62d81b719e964",
+  "blk.2.ffn_down_exps.weight": "ecdc2b5a8b504ef0a7833acff47d69b0c1fa9c22126de1bb120ff5e48c3d6e2c",
+  "blk.2.ffn_up_exps.weight": "2cbd9485a32460d315eb50a2f3b00863fd77245bfe885b7565efac1cdb1f191e",
+  "blk.2.ffn_gate_inp.weight": "0d0a17a1a2c7a61f2cca49ecbb479154dc93a870873257bc4f225e7607f2e2c2",
+  "blk.2.attn_norm.weight": "b2e4c5a977f87a6f880896bd73596234c9b83622fa0d7add5892501e3155913c",
+  "blk.2.ffn_norm.weight": "0ab875b4280afa922376cfc7b9aa3f7071c9432ea1254091ce7de3749df0e8e6",
+  "blk.2.attn_k.weight": "bb884af51fb51550acfef54ccf1b58ce8284e587806e6a2f88c8265e1ad05a5e",
+  "blk.2.attn_output.weight": "0f03099ba1ef342ea61af9cd71d028123bbd8b1dd7d7fd9b509aef77815427d9",
+  "blk.2.attn_q.weight": "8fad0d29eb4c9d24e564774ee3316b9eb7a4c4985e4567111d2c836c830f6cf3",
+  "blk.2.attn_v.weight": "fe04c847ff677632401a94e7b6b6fdca60391ab21cb23bd791533115de6303a1",
+  "blk.3.ffn_gate_inp.weight": "29e3aaa724590c070e614af8288939603d2641b0ef11e8c0f476bebb2776673c",
+  "blk.3.attn_k.weight": "231cc5631def10f7f292d8862d6125ff555164cd70480ac76362149fad204497",
+  "blk.3.attn_output.weight": "86467a605c62852e05fda1a7ef43150df2cf715fe59785dbcba09f1c27cfa086",
+  "blk.3.attn_q.weight": "901822402453922225c2d6ac79616691d48217635d5ff7338daa971d5ddee210",
+  "blk.3.attn_v.weight": "27030784f44375720df2f090933645a31a022d3fb3b14573e5ca0b78f44070c1",
+  "blk.3.ffn_gate_exps.weight": "231ba59cc0b988d125d77bf627aa3f04636684870af88f081f3944b48a160d86",
+  "blk.3.ffn_down_exps.weight": "530c3ab44ae4d66e8afa4d10c153ba5dfcdfb7321989a988e62e9d12e7234625",
+  "blk.3.ffn_up_exps.weight": "b85c2d4d9d11332e702b3c0a6610d4f525f9a93e5d12f5c7c55c592c40755e75",
+  "blk.3.attn_norm.weight": "05dbb6d88cfa6b199f9d705ccbda97c0ef13f9ec875c595398a1a42d009a4555",
+  "blk.3.ffn_norm.weight": "6880b1c27d46969ce36fac049c05dc8b89e4bb47dc89df357e32df7e18fc512e",
+  "blk.4.ffn_gate_exps.weight": "a883b4f225b760c5a2f6605dc5e2167ab85bb398c70bf64ceb539fcbd6128dcd",
+  "blk.4.ffn_down_exps.weight": "d291bb656aae77947d4b525e2819bf4112afece53ff31de9dab999af1f65f9c4",
+  "blk.4.ffn_up_exps.weight": "38592afb8ba3dcfb26970f906174f7d3fa62da44fa4be4fc6912a19030ea9164",
+  "blk.4.ffn_gate_inp.weight": "1596cb74e8fd6c3080b937b06468bb397b0dbb661e6d180a6bcbdc43e8bfd0c6",
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+  "blk.18.ffn_down_exps.weight": "d35196159e37705db50a5343e3989f7335477f1a4add67ef42ad64a638cd07ae",
+  "blk.18.ffn_up_exps.weight": "c6ceedd86e97913a6dcadc838e7abb762d629fb8dd55f15cf02fd9bd66d2ba78",
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+  "blk.18.ffn_norm.weight": "96646204bd0d82f25dc77faba4dbd86b1332e449313e6684e00122da8be99057",
+  "blk.19.ffn_gate_exps.weight": "c6eb7f61e7938bda0492dbc05e51e8f631c99224fe18e99861fc4fc53ba9e9ff",
+  "blk.19.ffn_down_exps.weight": "4384803da3a3a3d44120d7dd192fe2c9bbd9a1a0cb492dbec1fdd7565230f1e8",
+  "blk.19.ffn_up_exps.weight": "22d73de2fbb8bb0f1bd2caf17fad8a355c47d914143f7f6e6d0128f66f074a60",
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+  "blk.19.ffn_norm.weight": "77e17de741742ef2482fc7872fd423c8e3c1454dc4d2be89ee939084b6d78bc0",
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+  "blk.19.attn_v.weight": "42981b75b68ae852cee638b5433605c147da4392aaa6d7a06e756115b0171f39",
+  "blk.20.ffn_gate_inp.weight": "71381b9879a7c80b9f7b475abc0aa31b8cd71ccc00856ebe89764a2acb9df2dc",
+  "blk.20.attn_k.weight": "1928b7ebc054eb3967929ed6fb446314d5352f4aaf8b475ce55c6345019f2ea4",
+  "blk.20.attn_output.weight": "6071ecd9ca91af0d2ba93fef4a1a56f3b243dd70f862a21a2d164d56f386043b",
+  "blk.20.attn_q.weight": "002e95042a40f36ceed5829e3d0c8072e5f5e4ee86a089e2902b2348fed24dd5",
+  "blk.20.attn_v.weight": "42f509cdb1c0e298f89f896e349be86952c5168e49b3f83bb17badbcb7596d57",
+  "blk.20.ffn_gate_exps.weight": "a684a3ffe4b0a57c819a5fa9cb3521de223f392732927271e97ce925b6e33765",
+  "blk.20.ffn_down_exps.weight": "e3081a7bc7ba750d8a4886bc8ca4f231b55db4ca082b54b4106c7531964725cb",
+  "blk.20.ffn_up_exps.weight": "fad0fd5eca36ab154788da28be8ec25bb5d6db06c9d133db89e96df358a2f6a2",
+  "blk.20.attn_norm.weight": "c3e3f2429715ae95e884ef1246b0b461b23c5cc0ed08beecf70a14cddd184820",
+  "blk.20.ffn_norm.weight": "ff31f609dda65ca496b0584fabea6550e42edd05ebf229812aa6b7bb5ede15e6",
+  "blk.21.ffn_gate_exps.weight": "366f09ef0ecfb86808eb3296cc9abdb957951d27f6533c03f1422b54061da660",
+  "blk.21.ffn_down_exps.weight": "3fc495947d27fcca7fc0893c8a96e5d48ba27b2c8c58f8fcfb8dcfcd5539741c",
+  "blk.21.ffn_up_exps.weight": "6713ed51410bcc8283cbb001c4ad784098f25701e8021f4fa4f411e186859c4a",
+  "blk.21.ffn_gate_inp.weight": "6d4c92c01ec801647134d907bf1108878156df266a6107abc10526332b328b93",
+  "blk.21.attn_norm.weight": "27605719ae2df24f4f2e85a730927cab20367631612cb501631f6bbf38eb1209",
+  "blk.21.ffn_norm.weight": "ca80ee8177db185b15a4a378c1cb6f7143c76546a7f1726bda23f329323d4ffa",
+  "blk.21.attn_k.weight": "9e49f743d4a5bda9b4bd9c40c2ca37cdae5aec7e54cb193897ac8b4945ada14d",
+  "blk.21.attn_output.weight": "ab923540879753feaed152f5950f69cdd83d8f2413ca873f5f038b63ab0aea12",
+  "blk.21.attn_q.weight": "62617fc3f1c9d2aa672a4d91a121c7a91b92d145b65e75f0b06b4bb7c825dc36",
+  "blk.21.attn_v.weight": "15f8b2e72f8e8e992f2f6b3e93238a9d7be7bd6136f91c9d04b4b4cd0cd60369",
+  "blk.22.ffn_gate_inp.weight": "3ddb1773d9257b68add7a2a4e94dad25ed926803e02707863dd742ab9b2dc179",
+  "blk.22.attn_k.weight": "680e45a9e8d5feddee5266e119dc053bf80718fa9af1cf6803e6f493b265f1eb",
+  "blk.22.attn_output.weight": "0d5fae3402fb2c5aa3a860010e3973fc8e3168d1015f7a76b7b2964681693206",
+  "blk.22.attn_q.weight": "eee7e3d426ab533bd18d62c9aa142eedbde394bed07db58313e0fccc82a23237",
+  "blk.22.attn_v.weight": "26b5be1fe3c2b6824c5a648a3e4bdf17691904526fca158fbc3ebb627b67e2f4",
+  "blk.22.ffn_gate_exps.weight": "32ab7a7735313d60f6a75229b1aeee940b6aee176c9648536bf5921b0dc2929a",
+  "blk.22.ffn_down_exps.weight": "67590808f6a67777d3eb7976c31fe616d388b98fecbb12253b72d1241d70753f",
+  "blk.22.ffn_up_exps.weight": "fc245c0183e6d90829ff5e71a4ec93e4860b3d4c1a17b9dda2fb64f5f5c9ed32",
+  "blk.22.attn_norm.weight": "128e99d206d4d6724758ec97468af767fa0aea592149c324b731659c1e74a1a8",
+  "blk.22.ffn_norm.weight": "e45f498033f0cffa15da0eff2c47b4472e43fcf8921729fc4eeb2e3a6b3c78e2",
+  "blk.23.ffn_gate_inp.weight": "d63e686f5325fbc89fa242c2c52a3b8ff54f867dca914c9ae6eea13e9d6f46e5",
+  "blk.23.attn_k.weight": "f71f5a577f46ea12b1818f3a5ff4b85ddc45f9a2afb0fa2e041d71a3e31c6779",
+  "blk.23.attn_output.weight": "92b13563c1e0eac0d748fb67b235dfd7a64c8f16e2dafb316885744582e23b4b",
+  "blk.23.attn_q.weight": "2f9b9c35dc4f912f3f51c06e2d68f417b51a0de0a84aac530a64f9d3d7b0a2dd",
+  "blk.23.attn_v.weight": "268e40813806e74a5c364b19556d087bf8374e76e7b6fcf55c381eb7da13ccd1",
+  "blk.23.ffn_gate_exps.weight": "12f857e7a7ce228afac34d99b602c8d6fe96984f2a21118f459a58cb767ee65e",
+  "blk.23.ffn_down_exps.weight": "cdb082c16599c3bb36a28066dcc122d9529b54fa91b6cf0153437ec960a5e16d",
+  "blk.23.ffn_up_exps.weight": "f4b99f6f44d7b8b5a305894e88633bf5938fc1f6303a2b2092399da9c8b64d7c",
+  "blk.23.attn_norm.weight": "a691392210383915916b4d3886d5e4d56e7855e27e37e414fbd73bf66b3712e6",
+  "blk.23.ffn_norm.weight": "0c3dc72f667e5ae19b69bfa9f2bd2a01a57681f89ef9527bad4eb0d8c7b70da8",
+  "blk.24.ffn_gate_exps.weight": "86baca2a3157994df7fd8ced5e08436d5c1810dc29c0715637c36de723e0e7d1",
+  "blk.24.ffn_down_exps.weight": "ac5d559562b35c34993e34b071f66d15c65be5907797078c2d2a49aba54e3192",
+  "blk.24.ffn_up_exps.weight": "fce0a099cf09777f44fbab3606ceb75f7fae6f0b80725f9e871654b8cdf9262a",
+  "blk.24.ffn_gate_inp.weight": "e7c6800c0cfc56b565b2d35ad6f1dbfdb70dd0b05b338bc8da2286ffc3678d79",
+  "blk.24.attn_norm.weight": "dc6cc18ec52d102d015153c4a1132f9d7a504e29cbdec81c5edbf3b9e65815e1",
+  "blk.24.ffn_norm.weight": "480d5a1397af5e0e657f1e67d20ec0cdef5724e71246a326843321b87ffabd33",
+  "blk.24.attn_k.weight": "338c0597954a9b95a782545b2fe36469553e73f86ae2d2b5697767b28e1c7daa",
+  "blk.24.attn_output.weight": "a77d23b79933c67e52f1eef7f83a3dff4f767ce0bbcc39572f8cec4acd457643",
+  "blk.24.attn_q.weight": "45c9478593002be1998e96e70668aafa2dd3972380fbc1df12fb05c24ba959e0",
+  "blk.24.attn_v.weight": "515729420885408a6a9614bc27cda393ed907521318d14d21335d39a3eff0b61",
+  "blk.25.ffn_gate_inp.weight": "aae4ac40e9ab3925241f9d784b54b38851d9bc999a6c3bc03fc3f17c9b28a67c",
+  "blk.25.attn_k.weight": "4ab4808d02396c35b00b426f536015673b71c17ae6cd55bbc2e6bfe7a4c59d0c",
+  "blk.25.attn_output.weight": "1990bb982b77e0c947cd1a8ef0b36227ee1259e6dbbc2829e5c136edf88675eb",
+  "blk.25.attn_q.weight": "a1490f3048e8c0ec8784f8550c43adf5cc8d0f2f90131c934713fe4b1b015bd7",
+  "blk.25.attn_v.weight": "f15e53c6d45b3b6f58808fa968425d65e0b26b7f9b268127a77abb1227c67431",
+  "blk.25.ffn_gate_exps.weight": "656662447ff54f56ee80f78a1b9483f7efdc40f7375d0cd8a9c72ccf21f77e7b",
+  "blk.25.ffn_down_exps.weight": "db06f101bccbaef19cced0f6c185166e18202465f4a42cddfd535fbe5cbabb4a",
+  "blk.25.ffn_up_exps.weight": "584a7b02456f27fe1d8d3c7ccd21d426b6ea887795a3ed77f704596a1e3841d7",
+  "blk.25.attn_norm.weight": "8f0f3597982930fd237e9d609776c64f2b909a455b21678f83a7ebd4bbb83e64",
+  "blk.25.ffn_norm.weight": "3e7079c32582afba0c55e032f254adc18d2997705eec860185e9a6dd3d82f07e",
+  "blk.26.ffn_gate_exps.weight": "e70341691b583b86489812b29b77aa41eb658b1865733d6118da54c66e3bfcc6",
+  "blk.26.ffn_down_exps.weight": "5c1b812d11dfb064af816ced5ab6463bf9722eefdfc341b8a93705d5038fd781",
+  "blk.26.ffn_up_exps.weight": "e18118362ae54ef7432781c83884f9fb230a9d934e342aabeda8822ea5f71fb6",
+  "blk.26.ffn_gate_inp.weight": "cd1c5f6710166b9567c6b74c97b2348b191c60aa860958c6bc264ab095261dff",
+  "blk.26.attn_norm.weight": "71d087531af2520bda2e676c489e8529cef5db8aeea1eec0a937a8b4f2fa2e54",
+  "blk.26.ffn_norm.weight": "7f704e936fda28eb5c2cc339f0f6a5f78170b5aa43c01265b21668870d819c82",
+  "blk.26.attn_k.weight": "1cc62a0ce0ae251275d898c52c4a9fba5995fca10955d2011d10dd1a59e1afb8",
+  "blk.26.attn_output.weight": "636e881b1505f9cef656a4be98bec6a4765321d51f9bf1dac8933397cf44b765",
+  "blk.26.attn_q.weight": "89a3c4d202d7d6adebb9e0c1bcfd8b775f6456386f1be25e86e43acc949c1e16",
+  "blk.26.attn_v.weight": "ff2cc963b597cdf1a21703f3e7022af3bb4c65a34a19e19d9309a7c5e198b5bd",
+  "blk.27.ffn_gate_inp.weight": "6150139498fefe380bb99d11e72028da47a15ecb73dfc5b2774f726f4bed8f9e",
+  "blk.27.attn_k.weight": "f286eb9e5c56c7b801a497aedc40158c2a27877d7f9fb59b3fc67834798902d2",
+  "blk.27.attn_output.weight": "5dc3d3a05f9f7729509147fd09c16fb53f85f520cdab5cb69abf4bae3fd460c7",
+  "blk.27.attn_q.weight": "8462e40f86b24251960d6f35a9ea99b8793a01937faf1aec2859f2e5395dbb61",
+  "blk.27.attn_v.weight": "bac1a99e38e25953f8315f7212eb9777dc216cadb09b959977885ae62724ceca",
+  "blk.27.ffn_gate_exps.weight": "6a15eca7f0f6ecfd93db2e55c63875348ec4a78c4ff643ec46df9e958c0101e4",
+  "blk.27.ffn_down_exps.weight": "2e1c91247c4359e2073a8e5f26fd7f6426da7be3ed5bc65dcfff701f0a5022b2",
+  "blk.27.ffn_up_exps.weight": "65d6f5c553c9332085eae4aeadf25090b5d7768212ea7b08ed698102c21b29a1",
+  "blk.27.attn_norm.weight": "7fab8ae63ec8e91ce625cd130ab96d8427dad3a7413bb21b25ec5f408c5b9f5a",
+  "blk.27.ffn_norm.weight": "532720546b0fdcd423a02ca6e3e9d8aacb84b1b3e8269968f88a47fe2a69bab4",
+  "blk.28.ffn_gate_inp.weight": "a305ea58d98962d9dcf0c53ad2389b7acc8936fb35a0e3fc9410e7767cd49dea",
+  "blk.28.attn_k.weight": "8315e8a2e4f78dfdf36d4fc18fffc74bc95fe42c3ae4f9af2b6c874612c0f71b",
+  "blk.28.attn_output.weight": "9b5fdedd32d39ef46a22cca7cd5355d7b93bd07ea305f466a8aad6ca5a4f3778",
+  "blk.28.attn_q.weight": "4e8fb96997c30e231c437130f410d7c91d541a816f6c568b5f3bfdb4b8dece74",
+  "blk.28.attn_v.weight": "1fec739cf3bd7b4913f72ca358d4cf31391c304de44ac0ae31ecb825beaa7cfd",
+  "blk.28.ffn_gate_exps.weight": "9f259789d535e09268266b9a8020f32d6a6779966c909d91d3a10574f06238a2",
+  "blk.28.ffn_down_exps.weight": "516d3f8abaedb01b9916a4b67d4672159769138ef2850158bc1b32c41e31f0e8",
+  "blk.28.ffn_up_exps.weight": "f2f1d88d2c31ed588806fb5ad981d68f5134d7284c4fc022fd018de2eef437fc",
+  "blk.28.attn_norm.weight": "960fd005598deadaebd969996f4367a9dbfad90539a863674fe95730935acc64",
+  "blk.28.ffn_norm.weight": "e1993b37ced93d4049e9af2c47b0d9207d8f7e6f2cc3a52f57bef30bc806d805",
+  "blk.29.ffn_gate_exps.weight": "58927146338f443513337476b3cd30e6341742f096c2beb5890d400f10121298",
+  "blk.29.ffn_down_exps.weight": "03a3386e4f0b75a28c5608e23b2de8f0de25f21954e4aa7fc343431bde9db07e",
+  "blk.29.ffn_up_exps.weight": "6916b7490a7ae7b04a5d81cc1e7ac9b20c483434f3b186b12d87fe176bf1567b",
+  "blk.29.ffn_gate_inp.weight": "98e710e467a3d567abe4ce29d78b8e8dc033148762290c0c5e1ae4d78efd8c78",
+  "blk.29.attn_norm.weight": "4e64cb307d37be20d55f38c94faf7e451d11df5e60df347906cbaf9c5441be71",
+  "blk.29.ffn_norm.weight": "696c23a52f742679bd44440d687a4c44b4302d57f1e9dc5610d23374336187e7",
+  "blk.29.attn_k.weight": "e85253652fd6120c623634ba66b725bf7cd491318b54ccdad2c7df8851d64c0a",
+  "blk.29.attn_output.weight": "4f650a71efb150d1f24cd4d114d4187bf570ac424da3b92ea6455abdf1aea705",
+  "blk.29.attn_q.weight": "69fa7da901026ebcbbbc848455b425458b7e3295007d7fc093acf4b38e2166ea",
+  "blk.29.attn_v.weight": "17e2e7590b317b21f106de546aafd955579703d1e95d6aea044ee72ec3a514c9",
+  "blk.30.ffn_gate_inp.weight": "3a03284b4aa60d59d4a2ec86253469b61fc656372afca427cb77a5332fbcc62c",
+  "blk.30.attn_k.weight": "d518cfd0db9708e769eb1399e87ee49357dc54d5afdbac3d4c0ca46c64e789eb",
+  "blk.30.attn_output.weight": "9b44378714d784c5ef9ab604359091baca4e0ec222afa139b7f840eaefb371fd",
+  "blk.30.attn_q.weight": "cbb95365bbfbcad0c9cd99b4eebb5a5d32de68ce08e4063b5ec3e792b7548044",
+  "blk.30.attn_v.weight": "e7985c04fe1740e35a9598f43b67b0922b4fc2d00b68a92a9f917b82c3248de1",
+  "blk.30.ffn_gate_exps.weight": "8ac4bbd07935d98f895ba94dc174e5ad5046c3c222b53729d60f987c05e7eb70",
+  "blk.30.ffn_down_exps.weight": "dd672cc71e82abf05064a18121b8e55fe1a4f19bc1d7cb9a142f4add54bc336e",
+  "blk.30.ffn_up_exps.weight": "12282f664a2a12aa25e2deac58946108715ebb978bafed5274cef24569107646",
+  "blk.30.attn_norm.weight": "1a33458fee054c6c9c896a4bb0a4e1fbfa0293b2408c7dd2b81d692e966e7273",
+  "blk.30.ffn_norm.weight": "311e33b68051f507f1478ed8f2693fddb846170ddb7285a91be43f795c2ce31e",
+  "blk.31.ffn_gate_exps.weight": "8af43d9867a51cd8392fb48b981b0ceee0ae979c491c07d711b3b56b5162c786",
+  "blk.31.ffn_down_exps.weight": "5579cb7758c1600b19d1f540deffe081b575962e37437b3b2efb2fb0a2924e40",
+  "blk.31.ffn_up_exps.weight": "f2e7c005276b3a001fb40753f027fa10b4d5a346f43cf4b4bbdeec6e74e1cf6a",
+  "blk.31.ffn_gate_inp.weight": "89885dc0e30b6b16a90c0331d7fa3174671e941364e8102d934f02132237e61b",
+  "blk.31.attn_norm.weight": "99e4e9bf86a9edf8c404153a7e8a82324ba79da462622196e2faba161bd95172",
+  "blk.31.ffn_norm.weight": "55335997cf6de781bf332b943de96ff4646966b05d9fee86b76ea897e27b6ca7",
+  "blk.31.attn_k.weight": "cee570762b78da6316b637892cc4b080e40f57af5551ffb1866b9a8e80e96628",
+  "blk.31.attn_output.weight": "fa321ff55ec7819ead7b819fd45215262f39744569765ba2113c989c03588802",
+  "blk.31.attn_q.weight": "9e2c409b878f8a2a1436874abf428fceb1c534b21f9ad4dd6f532b8a469007f0",
+  "blk.31.attn_v.weight": "a845d0be68ba537b4a775bfba4d897faf7c82a811a2612b0b7420cc4f3574cb8",
+  "output.weight": "16101cbb74b54cda9ebc07ca3c762e3263a56efb3cc011156184b95807d7cf13",
+  "output_norm.weight": "d7aa61585baedd60157aafe157930785742c55989c288573566a971b02423564"
+}
diff --git a/convert/tokenizer.go b/convert/tokenizer.go
index fd6df5f5..baee04aa 100644
--- a/convert/tokenizer.go
+++ b/convert/tokenizer.go
@@ -3,19 +3,148 @@ package convert
 import (
 	"cmp"
 	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
 	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"slices"
+)
 
-	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
+const (
+	_ int32 = iota
+	tokenTypeNormal
+	tokenTypeUnknown
+	tokenTypeControl
+	tokenTypeUserDefined
+	tokenTypeUnused
+	tokenTypeByte
 )
 
 type Tokenizer struct {
-	Version     string         `json:"version"`
-	AddedTokens []Token        `json:"added_tokens"`
-	Model       TokenizerModel `json:"model"`
+	*Vocabulary
+	SpecialVocabulary []*SpecialVocabulary
+	Merges            []string
+
+	Pre      string
+	Template string
+}
+
+func parseTokenizer(d string, specialTypes []string) (*Tokenizer, error) {
+	v, err := parseVocabulary(d)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	t := &Tokenizer{
+		Vocabulary: v,
+		Pre:        "default",
+	}
+
+	addedTokens := make(map[string]token)
+	if f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join(d, "tokenizer.json")); errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	} else {
+		defer f.Close()
+
+		var tt tokenizer
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(f).Decode(&tt); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		for _, t := range tt.AddedTokens {
+			addedTokens[t.Content] = t
+		}
+
+		t.Merges = tt.Model.Merges
+
+		sha256sum := sha256.New()
+		for _, pt := range tt.PreTokenizer.PreTokenizers {
+			switch pt.Type {
+			case "Split":
+				if pt.Pattern.Regex != "" {
+					sha256sum.Write([]byte(pt.Pattern.Regex))
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		switch digest := hex.EncodeToString(sha256sum.Sum(nil)); digest {
+		case "d98f9631be1e9607a9848c26c1f9eac1aa9fc21ac6ba82a2fc0741af9780a48f":
+			t.Pre = "llama-bpe"
+		case "03df5c5863ad70781dcfdef491ead25140f895fe8010964be0daefe27be32b02":
+			t.Pre = "deepseek-llm"
+		case "21cde974d587f0d54dc8d56b183cc1e6239600172035c68fbd6d4b9f8da0576e":
+			t.Pre = "deepseek-coder"
+		case "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855":
+			// noop, empty pretokenizer
+		default:
+			slog.Warn("unknown pretokenizer, using default", "digest", digest)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join(d, "tokenizer_config.json")); errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	} else {
+		defer f.Close()
+
+		var p map[string]json.RawMessage
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(f).Decode(&p); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		if template, ok := p["chat_template"]; ok {
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(template, &t.Template); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
+
+		for _, st := range specialTypes {
+			sv := SpecialVocabulary{Type: st}
+			if bts, ok := p[fmt.Sprintf("add_%s_token", st)]; ok {
+				if err := json.Unmarshal(bts, &sv.AddToken); err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+			}
+
+			if bts, ok := p[fmt.Sprintf("%s_token", st)]; ok {
+				var content string
+				if err := json.Unmarshal(bts, &content); err != nil {
+					var mm map[string]any
+					if err := json.Unmarshal(bts, &mm); err != nil {
+						continue
+					}
+
+					content, ok = mm["content"].(string)
+					if !ok {
+						continue
+					}
+				}
+
+				sv.Content = content
+			}
+
+			if id, ok := addedTokens[sv.Content]; ok {
+				sv.ID = id.ID
+				t.SpecialVocabulary = append(t.SpecialVocabulary, &sv)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return t, nil
+}
+
+type tokenizer struct {
+	Version     string  `json:"version"`
+	AddedTokens []token `json:"added_tokens"`
+	Model       struct {
+		Type   string         `json:"type"`
+		Vocab  map[string]int `json:"vocab"`
+		Merges []string       `json:"merges"`
+	} `json:"model"`
 
 	PreTokenizer struct {
 		PreTokenizers []struct {
@@ -27,80 +156,106 @@ type Tokenizer struct {
 	} `json:"pre_tokenizer"`
 }
 
-type TokenizerModel struct {
-	Type   string         `json:"type"`
-	Vocab  map[string]int `json:"vocab"`
-	Merges []string       `json:"merges"`
-	Tokens []Token
-}
-
-type Token struct {
+type token struct {
 	ID          int    `json:"id"`
 	Content     string `json:"content"`
 	Special     bool   `json:"special"`
 	UserDefined bool
 }
 
-func (t *Token) Type() int32 {
-	switch {
-	case t.Special:
-		return tokenTypeControl
-	case t.UserDefined:
-		return tokenTypeUserDefined
-	default:
-		return tokenTypeNormal
-	}
+type Vocabulary struct {
+	Model  string
+	Tokens []string
+	Scores []float32
+	Types  []int32
 }
 
-func (t *Tokenizer) maxID() int {
-	return max(
-		slices.Max(maps.Values(t.Model.Vocab)),
-		slices.MaxFunc(t.AddedTokens, func(a, b Token) int {
-			return cmp.Compare(a.ID, b.ID)
-		}).ID,
-	)
-}
-
-func parseTokens(dirpath string) (pre string, tokens []Token, merges []string, err error) {
-	f, err := os.Open(dirpath)
+func parseVocabularyFromTokenizer(p string) (*Vocabulary, error) {
+	f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join(p, "tokenizer.json"))
 	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
+		return nil, err
 	}
 	defer f.Close()
 
-	var t Tokenizer
+	var t tokenizer
 	if err := json.NewDecoder(f).Decode(&t); err != nil {
-		return "", nil, nil, err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	tokens = make([]Token, t.maxID()+1)
+	var tokens []token
 	for k, v := range t.Model.Vocab {
-		tokens[v] = Token{ID: v, Content: k, Special: false, UserDefined: false}
+		tokens = append(tokens, token{
+			ID:      v,
+			Content: k,
+		})
 	}
 
-	for _, v := range t.AddedTokens {
-		v.UserDefined = true
-		tokens[v.ID] = v
+	for _, t := range t.AddedTokens {
+		t.UserDefined = true
+		tokens = append(tokens, t)
 	}
 
-	sha256sum := sha256.New()
-	for _, pt := range t.PreTokenizer.PreTokenizers {
-		if pt.Type == "Split" && pt.Pattern.Regex != "" {
-			sha256sum.Write([]byte(pt.Pattern.Regex))
+	slices.SortFunc(tokens, func(i, j token) int {
+		return cmp.Compare(i.ID, j.ID)
+	})
+
+	v := Vocabulary{Model: "gpt2"}
+	for _, t := range tokens {
+		v.Tokens = append(v.Tokens, t.Content)
+		v.Scores = append(v.Scores, float32(t.ID))
+
+		switch {
+		case t.Special:
+			v.Types = append(v.Types, tokenTypeControl)
+		case t.UserDefined:
+			v.Types = append(v.Types, tokenTypeUserDefined)
+		default:
+			v.Types = append(v.Types, tokenTypeNormal)
 		}
 	}
 
-	switch digest := fmt.Sprintf("%x", sha256sum.Sum(nil)); digest {
-	case "d98f9631be1e9607a9848c26c1f9eac1aa9fc21ac6ba82a2fc0741af9780a48f":
-		pre = "llama-bpe"
-	case "03df5c5863ad70781dcfdef491ead25140f895fe8010964be0daefe27be32b02":
-		pre = "deepseek-llm"
-	case "21cde974d587f0d54dc8d56b183cc1e6239600172035c68fbd6d4b9f8da0576e":
-		pre = "deepseek-coder"
-	default:
-		slog.Warn("unknown pretokenizer, using default", "digest", digest)
-		pre = "default"
+	return &v, nil
+}
+
+func parseVocabulary(d string) (*Vocabulary, error) {
+	patterns := map[string]func(string) (*Vocabulary, error){
+		"tokenizer.model": parseSentencePiece,
+		"tokenizer.json":  parseVocabularyFromTokenizer,
 	}
 
-	return pre, tokens, t.Model.Merges, nil
+	for pattern, parseFn := range patterns {
+		matches, err := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(d, pattern))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		if len(matches) > 0 {
+			return parseFn(d)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil, errors.New("unknown tensor format")
+}
+
+type SpecialVocabulary struct {
+	Type     string
+	ID       int
+	Content  string
+	AddToken bool
+}
+
+func (sv SpecialVocabulary) Key() string {
+	switch t := sv.Type; t {
+	case "bos", "eos", "cls", "mask":
+		return t
+	case "unk":
+		return "unknown"
+	case "sep":
+		//nolint:misspell // this is an upstream typo
+		return "seperator"
+	case "pad":
+		return "padding"
+	}
+
+	panic("unknown special vocabulary type")
 }
diff --git a/convert/tokenizer_spm.go b/convert/tokenizer_spm.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..75d9fe26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/convert/tokenizer_spm.go
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package convert
+
+import (
+	"cmp"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
+
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/convert/sentencepiece"
+)
+
+func parseSentencePiece(d string) (*Vocabulary, error) {
+	bts, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(d, "tokenizer.model"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var spm sentencepiece.ModelProto
+	if err := proto.Unmarshal(bts, &spm); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	v := Vocabulary{Model: "llama"}
+	for _, piece := range spm.GetPieces() {
+		v.Tokens = append(v.Tokens, piece.GetPiece())
+		v.Scores = append(v.Scores, piece.GetScore())
+
+		switch t := piece.GetType(); t {
+		case sentencepiece.ModelProto_SentencePiece_UNKNOWN,
+			sentencepiece.ModelProto_SentencePiece_CONTROL,
+			sentencepiece.ModelProto_SentencePiece_UNUSED,
+			sentencepiece.ModelProto_SentencePiece_BYTE:
+			v.Types = append(v.Types, int32(t))
+		default:
+			v.Types = append(v.Types, int32(sentencepiece.ModelProto_SentencePiece_NORMAL))
+		}
+	}
+
+	f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join(d, "added_tokens.json"))
+	if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		return &v, nil
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	var atm map[string]int
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(f).Decode(&atm); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	type t struct {
+		id      int
+		content string
+	}
+
+	var ts []t
+	for content, id := range atm {
+		ts = append(ts, t{id, content})
+	}
+
+	slices.SortFunc(ts, func(i, j t) int {
+		return cmp.Compare(i.id, j.id)
+	})
+
+	n := len(v.Tokens)
+	for i, t := range ts {
+		if t.id != i+n {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid token id: %d", t.id)
+		}
+
+		v.Tokens = append(v.Tokens, t.content)
+		v.Scores = append(v.Scores, -1000.0)
+		v.Types = append(v.Types, tokenTypeUserDefined)
+	}
+
+	return &v, nil
+}
diff --git a/convert/torch.go b/convert/torch.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 55414adc..00000000
--- a/convert/torch.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,287 +0,0 @@
-package convert
-
-import (
-	"encoding/binary"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"log/slog"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"regexp"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/nlpodyssey/gopickle/pytorch"
-	"github.com/nlpodyssey/gopickle/types"
-	"github.com/x448/float16"
-
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/llm"
-)
-
-type torchWriterTo struct {
-	t *llm.Tensor
-
-	params *Params
-	bo     ByteOrder
-
-	storage  pytorch.StorageInterface
-	repacker func(string, []float32, []uint64) ([]float32, error)
-}
-
-type TorchFormat struct{}
-
-func (tf *TorchFormat) GetTensors(dirpath string, params *Params) ([]llm.Tensor, error) {
-	slog.Debug("getting torch tensors")
-
-	var files []string
-	if pt, _ := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(dirpath, "consolidated*.pth")); len(pt) > 0 {
-		files = append(files, pt...)
-	} else if pt, _ := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(dirpath, "pytorch_model*.pth")); len(pt) > 0 {
-		files = append(files, pt...)
-	}
-
-	var offset uint64
-	var tensors []llm.Tensor
-	for _, fn := range files {
-		m, err := pytorch.Load(fn)
-		if err != nil {
-			slog.Error(fmt.Sprintf("error unpickling: %q", err))
-			return []llm.Tensor{}, err
-		}
-
-		for _, k := range m.(*types.Dict).Keys() {
-			if strings.HasSuffix(k.(string), "self_attn.rotary_emb.inv_freq") {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			t, _ := m.(*types.Dict).Get(k)
-			tshape := t.(*pytorch.Tensor).Size
-
-			var size uint64
-			var kind uint32
-			switch len(tshape) {
-			case 0:
-				continue
-			case 1:
-				// convert to float32
-				kind = 0
-				size = uint64(tshape[0] * 4)
-			case 2:
-				// convert to float16
-				kind = 1
-				size = uint64(tshape[0] * tshape[1] * 2)
-			}
-
-			ggufName, err := tf.GetLayerName(k.(string))
-			if err != nil {
-				slog.Error(err.Error())
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			slog.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("'%35s': '%30s' %10d [%#v]", k.(string), ggufName, size, tshape))
-
-			shape := []uint64{0, 0, 0, 0}
-			for i := range tshape {
-				shape[i] = uint64(tshape[i])
-			}
-
-			tensor := llm.Tensor{
-				Name:   ggufName,
-				Kind:   kind,
-				Offset: offset, // calculate the offset
-				Shape:  shape,
-			}
-
-			tensor.WriterTo = torchWriterTo{
-				t:       &tensor,
-				params:  params,
-				bo:      params.ByteOrder,
-				storage: t.(*pytorch.Tensor).Source,
-			}
-
-			tensors = append(tensors, tensor)
-			offset += size
-		}
-	}
-
-	return tensors, nil
-}
-
-func getAltParams(dirpath string) (*Params, error) {
-	f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join(dirpath, "params.json"))
-	if err != nil {
-		slog.Error("no params.json")
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	defer f.Close()
-
-	type TorchParams struct {
-		HiddenSize     int     `json:"dim"`
-		AttentionHeads int     `json:"n_heads"`
-		KeyValHeads    int     `json:"n_kv_heads"`
-		HiddenLayers   int     `json:"n_layers"`
-		RopeTheta      float64 `json:"rope_theta"`
-		NormEPS        float64 `json:"norm_eps"`
-	}
-
-	var tparams TorchParams
-
-	d := json.NewDecoder(f)
-	err = d.Decode(&tparams)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	params := &Params{
-		Architectures:  []string{"LlamaForCausalLM"},
-		HiddenSize:     tparams.HiddenSize,
-		AttentionHeads: tparams.AttentionHeads,
-		KeyValHeads:    tparams.KeyValHeads,
-		HiddenLayers:   tparams.HiddenLayers,
-		NormEPS:        tparams.NormEPS,
-	}
-
-	switch {
-	case tparams.RopeTheta == 1000000:
-		// Codellama
-		params.ContextSize = 16384
-	case tparams.NormEPS == 1e-06:
-		// llama2
-		slog.Debug("Found llama2 - setting context size to 4096")
-		params.ContextSize = 4096
-	default:
-		params.ContextSize = 2048
-	}
-
-	params.ByteOrder = binary.LittleEndian
-	return params, nil
-}
-
-func (m *TorchFormat) GetParams(dirpath string) (*Params, error) {
-	f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join(dirpath, "config.json"))
-	if err != nil {
-		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-			// try params.json instead
-			return getAltParams(dirpath)
-		} else {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	var params Params
-	d := json.NewDecoder(f)
-	err = d.Decode(&params)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	params.ByteOrder = binary.LittleEndian
-	return &params, nil
-}
-
-func (m *TorchFormat) GetLayerName(n string) (string, error) {
-	directMap := map[string]string{
-		"tok_embeddings.weight":     "token_embd.weight",
-		"output.weight":             "output.weight",
-		"norm.weight":               "output_norm.weight",
-		"rope.freqs":                "rope_freqs.weight",
-		"model.embed_tokens.weight": "token_embd.weight",
-		"lm_head.weight":            "output.weight",
-		"model.norm.weight":         "output_norm.weight",
-	}
-
-	lMap := map[string]string{
-		"layers.(\\d+).attention_norm.weight":                 "blk.$1.attn_norm.weight",
-		"layers.(\\d+).attention_output_norm.weight":          "blk.$1.attn_norm.weight",
-		"layers.(\\d+).feed_forward.w2.weight":                "blk.$1.ffn_down.weight",
-		"layers.(\\d+).feed_forward.w1.weight":                "blk.$1.ffn_gate.weight",
-		"layers.(\\d+).feed_forward.w3.weight":                "blk.$1.ffn_up.weight",
-		"layers.(\\d+).ffn_norm.weight":                       "blk.$1.ffn_norm.weight",
-		"layers.(\\d+).attention.wk.weight":                   "blk.$1.attn_k.weight",
-		"layers.(\\d+).attention.wo.weight":                   "blk.$1.attn_output.weight",
-		"layers.(\\d+).attention.wq.weight":                   "blk.$1.attn_q.weight",
-		"layers.(\\d+).attention.wv.weight":                   "blk.$1.attn_v.weight",
-		"model.layers.(\\d+).input_layernorm.weight":          "blk.$1.attn_norm.weight",
-		"model.layers.(\\d+).mlp.down_proj.weight":            "blk.$1.ffn_down.weight",
-		"model.layers.(\\d+).mlp.gate_proj.weight":            "blk.$1.ffn_gate.weight",
-		"model.layers.(\\d+).mlp.up_proj.weight":              "blk.$1.ffn_up.weight",
-		"model.layers.(\\d+).post_attention_layernorm.weight": "blk.$1.ffn_norm.weight",
-		"model.layers.(\\d+).self_attn.k_proj.weight":         "blk.$1.attn_k.weight",
-		"model.layers.(\\d+).self_attn.o_proj.weight":         "blk.$1.attn_output.weight",
-		"model.layers.(\\d+).self_attn.q_proj.weight":         "blk.$1.attn_q.weight",
-		"model.layers.(\\d+).self_attn.v_proj.weight":         "blk.$1.attn_v.weight",
-	}
-
-	v, ok := directMap[n]
-	if ok {
-		return v, nil
-	}
-
-	// quick hack to rename the layers to gguf format
-	for k, v := range lMap {
-		re := regexp.MustCompile(k)
-		newName := re.ReplaceAllString(n, v)
-		if newName != n {
-			return newName, nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	return "", fmt.Errorf("couldn't find a layer name for '%s'", n)
-}
-
-func (r torchWriterTo) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (n int64, err error) {
-	var f32s []float32
-	switch s := r.storage.(type) {
-	case *pytorch.FloatStorage:
-		f32s = s.Data
-	case *pytorch.HalfStorage:
-		f32s = s.Data
-	case *pytorch.BFloat16Storage:
-		f32s = s.Data
-	default:
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unknown data type: %T", s)
-	}
-
-	if r.repacker != nil {
-		f32s, err = r.repacker(r.t.Name, f32s, r.t.Shape)
-		if err != nil {
-			return 0, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	switch r.t.Kind {
-	case 0:
-		return 0, binary.Write(w, r.bo, f32s)
-	case 1:
-		f16s := make([]uint16, len(f32s))
-		for i := range f32s {
-			f16s[i] = float16.Fromfloat32(f32s[i]).Bits()
-		}
-
-		return 0, binary.Write(w, r.bo, f16s)
-	default:
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unknown storage type: %d", r.t.Kind)
-	}
-}
-
-func (m *TorchFormat) GetModelArch(name, dirPath string, params *Params) (ModelArch, error) {
-	switch len(params.Architectures) {
-	case 0:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("No architecture specified to convert")
-	case 1:
-		switch params.Architectures[0] {
-		case "LlamaForCausalLM":
-			return &LlamaModel{
-				ModelData{
-					Name:   name,
-					Path:   dirPath,
-					Params: params,
-					Format: m,
-				},
-			}, nil
-		default:
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("Models based on '%s' are not yet supported", params.Architectures[0])
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unknown error")
-}
diff --git a/llm/gguf.go b/llm/gguf.go
index aadfc4ba..e61babf2 100644
--- a/llm/gguf.go
+++ b/llm/gguf.go
@@ -2,11 +2,16 @@ package llm
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"cmp"
 	"encoding/binary"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"log/slog"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
+
+	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 )
 
 type containerGGUF struct {
@@ -88,7 +93,7 @@ type gguf struct {
 	kv      KV
 	tensors []*Tensor
 
-	parameters uint64
+	parameters   uint64
 	tensorOffset uint64
 
 	scratch [16 << 10]byte
@@ -101,10 +106,6 @@ func newGGUF(container *containerGGUF) *gguf {
 	}
 }
 
-func NewGGUFV3(bo binary.ByteOrder) *gguf {
-	return newGGUF(&containerGGUF{ByteOrder: bo, Version: 3})
-}
-
 func (llm *gguf) KV() KV {
 	return llm.kv
 }
@@ -203,7 +204,7 @@ func (llm *gguf) Decode(rs io.ReadSeeker) error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to read tensor dimensions: %w", err)
 		}
 
-		shape := [4]uint64{1, 1, 1, 1}
+		shape := make([]uint64, dims)
 		for i := 0; uint32(i) < dims; i++ {
 			shape[i], err = readGGUF[uint64](llm, rs)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -245,7 +246,7 @@ func (llm *gguf) Decode(rs io.ReadSeeker) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	padding := llm.padding(offset, int64(alignment))
+	padding := ggufPadding(offset, int64(alignment))
 	llm.tensorOffset = uint64(offset + padding)
 
 	for _, tensor := range llm.tensors {
@@ -254,7 +255,7 @@ func (llm *gguf) Decode(rs io.ReadSeeker) error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to get current offset: %w", err)
 		}
 
-		padding := llm.padding(offset, int64(alignment))
+		padding := ggufPadding(offset, int64(alignment))
 		if _, err := rs.Seek(padding, io.SeekCurrent); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to seek to init padding: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -273,12 +274,12 @@ func readGGUF[T any](llm *gguf, r io.Reader) (T, error) {
 	return t, err
 }
 
-func writeGGUF[V any](llm *gguf, w io.Writer, t uint32, v V) error {
-	if err := binary.Write(w, llm.ByteOrder, t); err != nil {
+func writeGGUF[V any](w io.Writer, t uint32, v V) error {
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, t); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	return binary.Write(w, llm.ByteOrder, v)
+	return binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, v)
 }
 
 func readGGUFV1String(llm *gguf, r io.Reader) (string, error) {
@@ -342,12 +343,12 @@ func readGGUFString(llm *gguf, r io.Reader) (string, error) {
 	return string(buf), nil
 }
 
-func writeGGUFString(llm *gguf, w io.Writer, s string) error {
-	if err := binary.Write(w, llm.ByteOrder, ggufTypeString); err != nil {
+func writeGGUFString(w io.Writer, s string) error {
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, ggufTypeString); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if err := binary.Write(w, llm.ByteOrder, uint64(len(s))); err != nil {
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(s))); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
@@ -488,21 +489,21 @@ func readGGUFArray(llm *gguf, r io.Reader) (*array, error) {
 	return a, nil
 }
 
-func writeGGUFArray[S ~[]E, E any](llm *gguf, w io.Writer, t uint32, s S) error {
-	if err := binary.Write(w, llm.ByteOrder, ggufTypeArray); err != nil {
+func writeGGUFArray[S ~[]E, E any](w io.Writer, t uint32, s S) error {
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, ggufTypeArray); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if err := binary.Write(w, llm.ByteOrder, t); err != nil {
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, t); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if err := binary.Write(w, llm.ByteOrder, uint64(len(s))); err != nil {
+	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(s))); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
 	for _, e := range s {
-		if err := binary.Write(w, llm.ByteOrder, e); err != nil {
+		if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, e); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
@@ -510,194 +511,55 @@ func writeGGUFArray[S ~[]E, E any](llm *gguf, w io.Writer, t uint32, s S) error
 	return nil
 }
 
-var ggufKVOrder = map[string][]string{
-	"llama": {
-		"general.architecture",
-		"general.name",
-		"llama.vocab_size",
-		"llama.context_length",
-		"llama.embedding_length",
-		"llama.block_count",
-		"llama.feed_forward_length",
-		"llama.attention.head_count",
-		"llama.attention.head_count_kv",
-		"llama.attention.layer_norm_rms_epsilon",
-		"llama.rope.freq_base",
-		"llama.rope.dimension_count",
-		"llama.expert_count",
-		"llama.expert_used_count",
-		"gemma.context_length",
-		"gemma.embedding_length",
-		"gemma.block_count",
-		"gemma.feed_forward_length",
-		"gemma.attention.head_count",
-		"gemma.attention.head_count_kv",
-		"gemma.attention.layer_norm_rms_epsilon",
-		"gemma.attention.key_length",
-		"gemma.attention.value_length",
-		"general.file_type",
-		"tokenizer.ggml.pre",
-		"tokenizer.ggml.model",
-		"tokenizer.ggml.tokens",
-		"tokenizer.ggml.scores",
-		"tokenizer.ggml.merges",
-		"tokenizer.ggml.token_type",
-		"tokenizer.ggml.bos_token_id",
-		"tokenizer.ggml.eos_token_id",
-		"tokenizer.ggml.unknown_token_id",
-		"tokenizer.ggml.padding_token_id",
-		"tokenizer.ggml.add_bos_token",
-		"tokenizer.ggml.add_eos_token",
-		"tokenizer.chat_template",
-		"bert.pooling_type",
-	},
-}
-
-func (llm *gguf) Encode(ws io.WriteSeeker, kv KV, tensors []Tensor) error {
-	switch llm.Version {
-	case 3:
-		llm.V3.NumTensor = uint64(len(tensors))
-		llm.V3.NumKV = uint64(len(kv))
-	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("not implemented: ggufv%d", llm.Version)
-	}
-
-	if err := binary.Write(ws, llm.ByteOrder, []byte("GGUF")); err != nil {
+func WriteGGUF(ws io.WriteSeeker, kv KV, ts []*Tensor) error {
+	if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, []byte("GGUF")); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if err := binary.Write(ws, llm.ByteOrder, llm.Version); err != nil {
+	if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, uint32(3)); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if err := binary.Write(ws, llm.ByteOrder, llm.numTensor()); err != nil {
+	if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(ts))); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if err := binary.Write(ws, llm.ByteOrder, llm.numKV()); err != nil {
+	if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(kv))); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	kvCheck := make(map[string]bool)
-	for k := range kv {
-		kvCheck[k] = false
-	}
+	keys := maps.Keys(kv)
+	slices.Sort(keys)
 
-	for _, k := range ggufKVOrder["llama"] {
-		v, ok := kv[k]
-		if !ok {
-			continue
-		}
-		kvCheck[k] = true
-
-		if err := binary.Write(ws, llm.ByteOrder, uint64(len(k))); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		if err := binary.Write(ws, llm.ByteOrder, []byte(k)); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		var err error
-		switch v := v.(type) {
-		case uint32:
-			err = writeGGUF(llm, ws, ggufTypeUint32, v)
-		case float32:
-			err = writeGGUF(llm, ws, ggufTypeFloat32, v)
-		case bool:
-			err = writeGGUF(llm, ws, ggufTypeBool, v)
-		case string:
-			err = writeGGUFString(llm, ws, v)
-		case []int32:
-			err = writeGGUFArray(llm, ws, ggufTypeInt32, v)
-		case []uint32:
-			err = writeGGUFArray(llm, ws, ggufTypeUint32, v)
-		case []float32:
-			err = writeGGUFArray(llm, ws, ggufTypeFloat32, v)
-		case []string:
-			if err := binary.Write(ws, llm.ByteOrder, ggufTypeArray); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-
-			if err := binary.Write(ws, llm.ByteOrder, ggufTypeString); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-
-			if err := binary.Write(ws, llm.ByteOrder, uint64(len(v))); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-
-			for _, e := range v {
-				if err := binary.Write(ws, llm.ByteOrder, uint64(len(e))); err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-
-				if err := binary.Write(ws, llm.ByteOrder, []byte(e)); err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-			}
-		default:
-			return fmt.Errorf("improper type for '%s'", k)
-		}
-		if err != nil {
+	for _, key := range keys {
+		if err := ggufWriteKV(ws, key, kv[key]); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
 
-	for k, v := range kvCheck {
-		if !v {
-			return fmt.Errorf("Didn't know how to write kv %s", k)
+	slices.SortFunc(ts, func(a, b *Tensor) int {
+		var i, j int
+		if n, err := fmt.Sscanf(a.Name, "blk.%d", &i); err != nil || n != 1 {
+			return cmp.Compare(a.Name, b.Name)
+		} else if n, err := fmt.Sscanf(b.Name, "blk.%d", &j); err != nil || n != 1 {
+			return cmp.Compare(a.Name, b.Name)
 		}
-	}
 
-	for _, tensor := range tensors {
-		if err := binary.Write(ws, llm.ByteOrder, uint64(len(tensor.Name))); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		if err := binary.Write(ws, llm.ByteOrder, []byte(tensor.Name)); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		var dims int
-		for cnt := range len(tensor.Shape) {
-			if tensor.Shape[cnt] > 0 {
-				dims++
-			}
-		}
-
-		if err := binary.Write(ws, llm.ByteOrder, uint32(dims)); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		for i := range dims {
-			if err := binary.Write(ws, llm.ByteOrder, tensor.Shape[dims-1-i]); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-
-		if err := binary.Write(ws, llm.ByteOrder, tensor.Kind); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		if err := binary.Write(ws, llm.ByteOrder, tensor.Offset); err != nil {
+		return cmp.Compare(i, j)
+	})
+
+	var s uint64
+	for _, t := range ts {
+		t.Offset = s
+		if err := ggufWriteTensorInfo(ws, t); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+		s += t.Size()
 	}
 
 	var alignment int64 = 32
-	for _, tensor := range tensors {
-		offset, err := ws.Seek(0, io.SeekCurrent)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		padding := llm.padding(offset, alignment)
-		if err := binary.Write(ws, llm.ByteOrder, bytes.Repeat([]byte{0}, int(padding))); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		if _, err := tensor.WriteTo(ws); err != nil {
+	for _, t := range ts {
+		if err := ggufWriteTensor(ws, t, alignment); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
@@ -705,6 +567,102 @@ func (llm *gguf) Encode(ws io.WriteSeeker, kv KV, tensors []Tensor) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (gguf) padding(offset, align int64) int64 {
+func ggufWriteKV(ws io.WriteSeeker, k string, v any) error {
+	slog.Debug(k, "type", fmt.Sprintf("%T", v))
+	if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(k))); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, []byte(k)); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	var err error
+	switch v := v.(type) {
+	case uint32:
+		err = writeGGUF(ws, ggufTypeUint32, v)
+	case float32:
+		err = writeGGUF(ws, ggufTypeFloat32, v)
+	case bool:
+		err = writeGGUF(ws, ggufTypeBool, v)
+	case string:
+		err = writeGGUFString(ws, v)
+	case []int32:
+		err = writeGGUFArray(ws, ggufTypeInt32, v)
+	case []uint32:
+		err = writeGGUFArray(ws, ggufTypeUint32, v)
+	case []float32:
+		err = writeGGUFArray(ws, ggufTypeFloat32, v)
+	case []string:
+		if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, ggufTypeArray); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, ggufTypeString); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(v))); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		for _, e := range v {
+			if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(e))); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, []byte(e)); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("improper type for '%s'", k)
+	}
+
+	return err
+}
+
+func ggufWriteTensorInfo(ws io.WriteSeeker, t *Tensor) error {
+	slog.Debug(t.Name, "kind", t.Kind, "shape", t.Shape, "offset", t.Offset)
+	if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(t.Name))); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, []byte(t.Name)); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, uint32(len(t.Shape))); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for i := range len(t.Shape) {
+		if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, t.Shape[len(t.Shape)-i-1]); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, t.Kind); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, t.Offset)
+}
+
+func ggufWriteTensor(ws io.WriteSeeker, t *Tensor, alignment int64) error {
+	offset, err := ws.Seek(0, io.SeekCurrent)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, bytes.Repeat([]byte{0}, int(ggufPadding(offset, alignment)))); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	_, err = t.WriteTo(ws)
+	return err
+}
+
+func ggufPadding(offset, align int64) int64 {
 	return (align - offset%align) % align
 }
diff --git a/llm/memory_test.go b/llm/memory_test.go
index 06ae7438..18c797ee 100644
--- a/llm/memory_test.go
+++ b/llm/memory_test.go
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package llm
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
-	"encoding/binary"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"testing"
@@ -20,10 +19,9 @@ func TestEstimateGPULayers(t *testing.T) {
 	f, err := os.CreateTemp(t.TempDir(), modelName)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer f.Close()
-	gguf := NewGGUFV3(binary.LittleEndian)
 	inputLayerCount := 5
 
-	tensors := []Tensor{
+	tensors := []*Tensor{
 		{Name: "blk.0.attn.weight", Kind: uint32(0), Offset: uint64(0), Shape: []uint64{1, 1, 1, 1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 32))},
 		{Name: "blk.1.attn.weight", Kind: uint32(0), Offset: uint64(0), Shape: []uint64{1, 1, 1, 1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 32))},
 		{Name: "blk.2.attn.weight", Kind: uint32(0), Offset: uint64(0), Shape: []uint64{1, 1, 1, 1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 32))},
@@ -32,7 +30,7 @@ func TestEstimateGPULayers(t *testing.T) {
 		{Name: "output.weight", Kind: uint32(0), Offset: uint64(0), Shape: []uint64{1, 1, 1, 1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 32))},
 	}
 	assert.Len(t, tensors, inputLayerCount+1)
-	err = gguf.Encode(f, KV{
+	err = WriteGGUF(f, KV{
 		"general.architecture":          "llama",
 		"general.name":                  "name",
 		"llama.context_length":          uint32(32),
diff --git a/server/model.go b/server/model.go
index c6d3078f..81272a34 100644
--- a/server/model.go
+++ b/server/model.go
@@ -143,30 +143,6 @@ func parseFromZipFile(_ context.Context, file *os.File, digest string, fn func(a
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	mf, err := convert.GetModelFormat(tempDir)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	params, err := mf.GetParams(tempDir)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	mArch, err := mf.GetModelArch("", tempDir, params)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: "processing tensors"})
-	if err := mArch.GetTensors(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	if err := mArch.LoadVocab(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
 	fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: "converting model"})
 
 	// TODO(mxyng): this should write directly into a layer
@@ -178,7 +154,7 @@ func parseFromZipFile(_ context.Context, file *os.File, digest string, fn func(a
 	defer temp.Close()
 	defer os.Remove(temp.Name())
 
-	if err = mArch.WriteGGUF(temp); err != nil {
+	if err := convert.Convert(tempDir, temp); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
diff --git a/server/routes_create_test.go b/server/routes_create_test.go
index 8c714209..4d616d8d 100644
--- a/server/routes_create_test.go
+++ b/server/routes_create_test.go
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package server
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
-	"encoding/binary"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
@@ -20,7 +19,7 @@ import (
 
 var stream bool = false
 
-func createBinFile(t *testing.T, kv map[string]any, ti []llm.Tensor) string {
+func createBinFile(t *testing.T, kv map[string]any, ti []*llm.Tensor) string {
 	t.Helper()
 
 	f, err := os.CreateTemp(t.TempDir(), "")
@@ -29,7 +28,7 @@ func createBinFile(t *testing.T, kv map[string]any, ti []llm.Tensor) string {
 	}
 	defer f.Close()
 
-	if err := llm.NewGGUFV3(binary.LittleEndian).Encode(f, kv, ti); err != nil {
+	if err := llm.WriteGGUF(f, kv, ti); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
diff --git a/server/routes_generate_test.go b/server/routes_generate_test.go
index 5c0caff1..02f95dd2 100644
--- a/server/routes_generate_test.go
+++ b/server/routes_generate_test.go
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ func TestGenerateChat(t *testing.T) {
 			"tokenizer.ggml.tokens":         []string{""},
 			"tokenizer.ggml.scores":         []float32{0},
 			"tokenizer.ggml.token_type":     []int32{0},
-		}, []llm.Tensor{
+		}, []*llm.Tensor{
 			{Name: "token_embd.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
 			{Name: "blk.0.attn_norm.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
 			{Name: "blk.0.ffn_down.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ func TestGenerateChat(t *testing.T) {
 			Modelfile: fmt.Sprintf("FROM %s", createBinFile(t, llm.KV{
 				"general.architecture": "bert",
 				"bert.pooling_type":    uint32(0),
-			}, []llm.Tensor{})),
+			}, []*llm.Tensor{})),
 			Stream: &stream,
 		})
 
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ func TestGenerate(t *testing.T) {
 			"tokenizer.ggml.tokens":         []string{""},
 			"tokenizer.ggml.scores":         []float32{0},
 			"tokenizer.ggml.token_type":     []int32{0},
-		}, []llm.Tensor{
+		}, []*llm.Tensor{
 			{Name: "token_embd.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
 			{Name: "blk.0.attn_norm.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
 			{Name: "blk.0.ffn_down.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ func TestGenerate(t *testing.T) {
 			Modelfile: fmt.Sprintf("FROM %s", createBinFile(t, llm.KV{
 				"general.architecture": "bert",
 				"bert.pooling_type":    uint32(0),
-			}, []llm.Tensor{})),
+			}, []*llm.Tensor{})),
 			Stream: &stream,
 		})
 
diff --git a/server/sched_test.go b/server/sched_test.go
index 6959dace..f3c55514 100644
--- a/server/sched_test.go
+++ b/server/sched_test.go
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package server
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
-	"encoding/binary"
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
 	"os"
@@ -114,8 +113,7 @@ func newScenarioRequest(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, modelName string, est
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer f.Close()
 
-	gguf := llm.NewGGUFV3(binary.LittleEndian)
-	err = gguf.Encode(f, llm.KV{
+	require.NoError(t, llm.WriteGGUF(f, llm.KV{
 		"general.architecture":          "llama",
 		"general.name":                  "name",
 		"llama.context_length":          uint32(32),
@@ -126,10 +124,10 @@ func newScenarioRequest(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, modelName string, est
 		"tokenizer.ggml.tokens":         []string{" "},
 		"tokenizer.ggml.scores":         []float32{0},
 		"tokenizer.ggml.token_type":     []int32{0},
-	}, []llm.Tensor{
+	}, []*llm.Tensor{
 		{Name: "blk.0.attn.weight", Kind: uint32(0), Offset: uint64(0), Shape: []uint64{1, 1, 1, 1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 32))},
 		{Name: "output.weight", Kind: uint32(0), Offset: uint64(0), Shape: []uint64{1, 1, 1, 1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 32))},
-	})
+	}))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	fname := f.Name()

From df993fa37bde19039231001be9f852386a12a860 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Michael Yang <mxyng@pm.me>
Date: Mon, 8 Jul 2024 16:59:48 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 3/6] comments

---
 convert/convert.go             | 46 +++++++++++++++++-----------------
 convert/convert_gemma.go       |  6 ++---
 convert/convert_llama.go       |  6 ++---
 convert/convert_mixtral.go     |  6 ++---
 convert/reader.go              |  9 +++++--
 convert/reader_safetensors.go  |  5 ++--
 convert/tokenizer.go           | 15 +++++------
 llm/gguf.go                    | 17 +++++--------
 llm/memory_test.go             |  2 +-
 server/routes_create_test.go   |  2 +-
 server/routes_generate_test.go |  8 +++---
 server/sched_test.go           |  2 +-
 12 files changed, 63 insertions(+), 61 deletions(-)

diff --git a/convert/convert.go b/convert/convert.go
index 4ad64d72..30c5a53f 100644
--- a/convert/convert.go
+++ b/convert/convert.go
@@ -40,13 +40,13 @@ func (Parameters) KV(t *Tokenizer) llm.KV {
 	return kv
 }
 
-func (Parameters) specialTypes() []string {
+func (Parameters) specialTokenTypes() []string {
 	return []string{
 		"bos", "eos", "unk", "sep", "pad", "cls", "mask",
 	}
 }
 
-func (Parameters) writeFile(ws io.WriteSeeker, kv llm.KV, ts []*llm.Tensor) error {
+func (Parameters) writeFile(ws io.WriteSeeker, kv llm.KV, ts []llm.Tensor) error {
 	return llm.WriteGGUF(ws, kv, ts)
 }
 
@@ -54,24 +54,27 @@ type Converter interface {
 	// KV maps parameters to LLM key-values
 	KV(*Tokenizer) llm.KV
 	// Tensors maps input tensors to LLM tensors. Model specific modifications can be done here.
-	Tensors([]Tensor) []*llm.Tensor
+	Tensors([]Tensor) []llm.Tensor
 
 	// tensorName returns the LLM tensor name for a specific input name
 	tensorName(string) string
-	// specialTypes returns any special token types the model uses
-	specialTypes() []string
-	writeFile(io.WriteSeeker, llm.KV, []*llm.Tensor) error
+	// specialTokenTypes returns any special token types the model uses
+	specialTokenTypes() []string
+	writeFile(io.WriteSeeker, llm.KV, []llm.Tensor) error
 }
 
-func Convert(d string, ws io.WriteSeeker) error {
-	f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join(d, "config.json"))
+// Convert writes an Ollama compatible model to the provided io.WriteSeeker based on configurations
+// and files it finds in the input path.
+// Supported input model formats include safetensors.
+// Supported input tokenizers files include tokenizer.json (preferred) and tokenizer.model.
+func Convert(path string, ws io.WriteSeeker) error {
+	bts, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(path, "config.json"))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	defer f.Close()
 
 	var p Parameters
-	if err := json.NewDecoder(f).Decode(&p); err != nil {
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(bts, &p); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
@@ -79,28 +82,23 @@ func Convert(d string, ws io.WriteSeeker) error {
 		return errors.New("unknown architecture")
 	}
 
-	var c Converter
+	var conv Converter
 	switch p.Architectures[0] {
 	case "LlamaForCausalLM", "MistralForCausalLM":
-		c = &llama{}
+		conv = &llama{}
 	case "MixtralForCausalLM":
-		c = &mixtral{}
+		conv = &mixtral{}
 	case "GemmaForCausalLM":
-		c = &gemma{}
+		conv = &gemma{}
 	default:
 		return errors.New("unsupported architecture")
 	}
 
-	bts, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(d, "config.json"))
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(bts, conv); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(bts, c); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	t, err := parseTokenizer(d, c.specialTypes())
+	t, err := parseTokenizer(path, conv.specialTokenTypes())
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -112,12 +110,14 @@ func Convert(d string, ws io.WriteSeeker) error {
 			t.Vocabulary.Scores = append(t.Vocabulary.Scores, -1)
 			t.Vocabulary.Types = append(t.Vocabulary.Types, tokenTypeUserDefined)
 		}
+	} else {
+		slog.Debug("vocabulary", "size", len(t.Vocabulary.Tokens))
 	}
 
-	ts, err := parseTensors(d)
+	ts, err := parseTensors(path)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	return c.writeFile(ws, c.KV(t), c.Tensors(ts))
+	return conv.writeFile(ws, conv.KV(t), conv.Tensors(ts))
 }
diff --git a/convert/convert_gemma.go b/convert/convert_gemma.go
index 332fee7f..9213e157 100644
--- a/convert/convert_gemma.go
+++ b/convert/convert_gemma.go
@@ -43,15 +43,15 @@ func (p *gemma) KV(t *Tokenizer) llm.KV {
 	return kv
 }
 
-func (p *gemma) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []*llm.Tensor {
-	var out []*llm.Tensor
+func (p *gemma) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []llm.Tensor {
+	var out []llm.Tensor
 	for _, t := range ts {
 		name := p.tensorName(t.Name())
 		if strings.HasSuffix(name, "_norm.weight") {
 			t.SetRepacker(p.addOne)
 		}
 
-		out = append(out, &llm.Tensor{
+		out = append(out, llm.Tensor{
 			Name:     name,
 			Kind:     t.Kind(),
 			Shape:    t.Shape(),
diff --git a/convert/convert_llama.go b/convert/convert_llama.go
index 700049d3..ed6469c5 100644
--- a/convert/convert_llama.go
+++ b/convert/convert_llama.go
@@ -96,8 +96,8 @@ func (p *llama) KV(t *Tokenizer) llm.KV {
 	return kv
 }
 
-func (p *llama) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []*llm.Tensor {
-	var out []*llm.Tensor
+func (p *llama) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []llm.Tensor {
+	var out []llm.Tensor
 	for _, t := range ts {
 		name := p.tensorName(t.Name())
 		if strings.HasSuffix(name, "attn_q.weight") ||
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ func (p *llama) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []*llm.Tensor {
 			t.SetRepacker(p.repack)
 		}
 
-		out = append(out, &llm.Tensor{
+		out = append(out, llm.Tensor{
 			Name:     name,
 			Kind:     t.Kind(),
 			Shape:    t.Shape(),
diff --git a/convert/convert_mixtral.go b/convert/convert_mixtral.go
index c55a27f8..3263a27b 100644
--- a/convert/convert_mixtral.go
+++ b/convert/convert_mixtral.go
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ func (p *mixtral) KV(t *Tokenizer) llm.KV {
 	return kv
 }
 
-func (p *mixtral) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []*llm.Tensor {
+func (p *mixtral) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []llm.Tensor {
 	oldnew := []string{
 		"model.layers", "blk",
 		"w1", "ffn_gate_exps",
@@ -58,10 +58,10 @@ func (p *mixtral) Tensors(ts []Tensor) []*llm.Tensor {
 		return true
 	})
 
-	var out []*llm.Tensor
+	var out []llm.Tensor
 	for n, e := range experts {
 		// TODO(mxyng): sanity check experts
-		out = append(out, &llm.Tensor{
+		out = append(out, llm.Tensor{
 			Name:     n,
 			Kind:     e[0].Kind(),
 			Shape:    append([]uint64{uint64(len(e))}, e[0].Shape()...),
diff --git a/convert/reader.go b/convert/reader.go
index 9be8ac2e..11ccaa81 100644
--- a/convert/reader.go
+++ b/convert/reader.go
@@ -29,6 +29,11 @@ func (t tensorBase) Shape() []uint64 {
 	return t.shape
 }
 
+const (
+	tensorKindF32 uint32 = iota
+	tensorKindF16
+)
+
 func (t tensorBase) Kind() uint32 {
 	if strings.HasSuffix(t.name, ".block_sparse_moe.gate.weight") {
 		return 0
@@ -38,9 +43,9 @@ func (t tensorBase) Kind() uint32 {
 	case 0:
 		panic("invalid tensor shape")
 	case 1:
-		return 0
+		return tensorKindF32
 	default:
-		return 1
+		return tensorKindF16
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/convert/reader_safetensors.go b/convert/reader_safetensors.go
index 440581af..d43c59a5 100644
--- a/convert/reader_safetensors.go
+++ b/convert/reader_safetensors.go
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ func parseSafetensors(ps ...string) ([]Tensor, error) {
 	return ts, nil
 }
 
+// safetensorsPad returns the padded size of the safetensors file given a length n and offset s
 func safetensorsPad(n, s int64) int64 {
 	return 8 + n + s
 }
@@ -125,9 +126,9 @@ func (st safetensor) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (int64, error) {
 	}
 
 	switch st.Kind() {
-	case 0:
+	case tensorKindF32:
 		return 0, binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, f32s)
-	case 1:
+	case tensorKindF16:
 		f16s := make([]uint16, len(f32s))
 		for i := range f32s {
 			f16s[i] = float16.Fromfloat32(f32s[i]).Bits()
diff --git a/convert/tokenizer.go b/convert/tokenizer.go
index baee04aa..43d8c14e 100644
--- a/convert/tokenizer.go
+++ b/convert/tokenizer.go
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ type Tokenizer struct {
 	Template string
 }
 
-func parseTokenizer(d string, specialTypes []string) (*Tokenizer, error) {
+func parseTokenizer(d string, specialTokenTypes []string) (*Tokenizer, error) {
 	v, err := parseVocabulary(d)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -66,6 +66,8 @@ func parseTokenizer(d string, specialTypes []string) (*Tokenizer, error) {
 			switch pt.Type {
 			case "Split":
 				if pt.Pattern.Regex != "" {
+					// create a checksum of all Split pretokenizers which should be sufficient
+					// to identify the pretokenizer
 					sha256sum.Write([]byte(pt.Pattern.Regex))
 				}
 			}
@@ -102,7 +104,7 @@ func parseTokenizer(d string, specialTypes []string) (*Tokenizer, error) {
 			}
 		}
 
-		for _, st := range specialTypes {
+		for _, st := range specialTokenTypes {
 			sv := SpecialVocabulary{Type: st}
 			if bts, ok := p[fmt.Sprintf("add_%s_token", st)]; ok {
 				if err := json.Unmarshal(bts, &sv.AddToken); err != nil {
@@ -224,14 +226,13 @@ func parseVocabulary(d string) (*Vocabulary, error) {
 	}
 
 	for pattern, parseFn := range patterns {
-		matches, err := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(d, pattern))
-		if err != nil {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(d, pattern)); errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			continue
+		} else if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 
-		if len(matches) > 0 {
-			return parseFn(d)
-		}
+		return parseFn(d)
 	}
 
 	return nil, errors.New("unknown tensor format")
diff --git a/llm/gguf.go b/llm/gguf.go
index e61babf2..98158313 100644
--- a/llm/gguf.go
+++ b/llm/gguf.go
@@ -489,6 +489,7 @@ func readGGUFArray(llm *gguf, r io.Reader) (*array, error) {
 	return a, nil
 }
 
+// writeGGUFArray writes a slice s of type E to the write with a gguf type of t
 func writeGGUFArray[S ~[]E, E any](w io.Writer, t uint32, s S) error {
 	if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, ggufTypeArray); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -502,16 +503,10 @@ func writeGGUFArray[S ~[]E, E any](w io.Writer, t uint32, s S) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	for _, e := range s {
-		if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, e); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
+	return binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, s)
 }
 
-func WriteGGUF(ws io.WriteSeeker, kv KV, ts []*Tensor) error {
+func WriteGGUF(ws io.WriteSeeker, kv KV, ts []Tensor) error {
 	if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, []byte("GGUF")); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -537,7 +532,7 @@ func WriteGGUF(ws io.WriteSeeker, kv KV, ts []*Tensor) error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	slices.SortFunc(ts, func(a, b *Tensor) int {
+	slices.SortFunc(ts, func(a, b Tensor) int {
 		var i, j int
 		if n, err := fmt.Sscanf(a.Name, "blk.%d", &i); err != nil || n != 1 {
 			return cmp.Compare(a.Name, b.Name)
@@ -622,7 +617,7 @@ func ggufWriteKV(ws io.WriteSeeker, k string, v any) error {
 	return err
 }
 
-func ggufWriteTensorInfo(ws io.WriteSeeker, t *Tensor) error {
+func ggufWriteTensorInfo(ws io.WriteSeeker, t Tensor) error {
 	slog.Debug(t.Name, "kind", t.Kind, "shape", t.Shape, "offset", t.Offset)
 	if err := binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(t.Name))); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -649,7 +644,7 @@ func ggufWriteTensorInfo(ws io.WriteSeeker, t *Tensor) error {
 	return binary.Write(ws, binary.LittleEndian, t.Offset)
 }
 
-func ggufWriteTensor(ws io.WriteSeeker, t *Tensor, alignment int64) error {
+func ggufWriteTensor(ws io.WriteSeeker, t Tensor, alignment int64) error {
 	offset, err := ws.Seek(0, io.SeekCurrent)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
diff --git a/llm/memory_test.go b/llm/memory_test.go
index 18c797ee..3220c8df 100644
--- a/llm/memory_test.go
+++ b/llm/memory_test.go
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ func TestEstimateGPULayers(t *testing.T) {
 	defer f.Close()
 	inputLayerCount := 5
 
-	tensors := []*Tensor{
+	tensors := []Tensor{
 		{Name: "blk.0.attn.weight", Kind: uint32(0), Offset: uint64(0), Shape: []uint64{1, 1, 1, 1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 32))},
 		{Name: "blk.1.attn.weight", Kind: uint32(0), Offset: uint64(0), Shape: []uint64{1, 1, 1, 1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 32))},
 		{Name: "blk.2.attn.weight", Kind: uint32(0), Offset: uint64(0), Shape: []uint64{1, 1, 1, 1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 32))},
diff --git a/server/routes_create_test.go b/server/routes_create_test.go
index 4d616d8d..9b7009df 100644
--- a/server/routes_create_test.go
+++ b/server/routes_create_test.go
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import (
 
 var stream bool = false
 
-func createBinFile(t *testing.T, kv map[string]any, ti []*llm.Tensor) string {
+func createBinFile(t *testing.T, kv map[string]any, ti []llm.Tensor) string {
 	t.Helper()
 
 	f, err := os.CreateTemp(t.TempDir(), "")
diff --git a/server/routes_generate_test.go b/server/routes_generate_test.go
index 02f95dd2..5c0caff1 100644
--- a/server/routes_generate_test.go
+++ b/server/routes_generate_test.go
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ func TestGenerateChat(t *testing.T) {
 			"tokenizer.ggml.tokens":         []string{""},
 			"tokenizer.ggml.scores":         []float32{0},
 			"tokenizer.ggml.token_type":     []int32{0},
-		}, []*llm.Tensor{
+		}, []llm.Tensor{
 			{Name: "token_embd.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
 			{Name: "blk.0.attn_norm.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
 			{Name: "blk.0.ffn_down.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ func TestGenerateChat(t *testing.T) {
 			Modelfile: fmt.Sprintf("FROM %s", createBinFile(t, llm.KV{
 				"general.architecture": "bert",
 				"bert.pooling_type":    uint32(0),
-			}, []*llm.Tensor{})),
+			}, []llm.Tensor{})),
 			Stream: &stream,
 		})
 
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ func TestGenerate(t *testing.T) {
 			"tokenizer.ggml.tokens":         []string{""},
 			"tokenizer.ggml.scores":         []float32{0},
 			"tokenizer.ggml.token_type":     []int32{0},
-		}, []*llm.Tensor{
+		}, []llm.Tensor{
 			{Name: "token_embd.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
 			{Name: "blk.0.attn_norm.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
 			{Name: "blk.0.ffn_down.weight", Shape: []uint64{1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 4))},
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ func TestGenerate(t *testing.T) {
 			Modelfile: fmt.Sprintf("FROM %s", createBinFile(t, llm.KV{
 				"general.architecture": "bert",
 				"bert.pooling_type":    uint32(0),
-			}, []*llm.Tensor{})),
+			}, []llm.Tensor{})),
 			Stream: &stream,
 		})
 
diff --git a/server/sched_test.go b/server/sched_test.go
index f3c55514..80395714 100644
--- a/server/sched_test.go
+++ b/server/sched_test.go
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ func newScenarioRequest(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, modelName string, est
 		"tokenizer.ggml.tokens":         []string{" "},
 		"tokenizer.ggml.scores":         []float32{0},
 		"tokenizer.ggml.token_type":     []int32{0},
-	}, []*llm.Tensor{
+	}, []llm.Tensor{
 		{Name: "blk.0.attn.weight", Kind: uint32(0), Offset: uint64(0), Shape: []uint64{1, 1, 1, 1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 32))},
 		{Name: "output.weight", Kind: uint32(0), Offset: uint64(0), Shape: []uint64{1, 1, 1, 1}, WriterTo: bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 32))},
 	}))

From 781fc2d5769bd1df7895dc2a18ab44830f6684fc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Michael Yang <mxyng@pm.me>
Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2024 10:58:22 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 4/6] Update convert/reader_safetensors.go

Co-authored-by: Jeffrey Morgan <jmorganca@gmail.com>
---
 convert/reader_safetensors.go | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/convert/reader_safetensors.go b/convert/reader_safetensors.go
index d43c59a5..c5fe663c 100644
--- a/convert/reader_safetensors.go
+++ b/convert/reader_safetensors.go
@@ -67,8 +67,8 @@ func parseSafetensors(ps ...string) ([]Tensor, error) {
 }
 
 // safetensorsPad returns the padded size of the safetensors file given a length n and offset s
-func safetensorsPad(n, s int64) int64 {
-	return 8 + n + s
+func safetensorsPad(n, offset int64) int64 {
+	return 8 + n + offset
 }
 
 type safetensor struct {

From eafc607abb3422a7d8e488aeb7a129a67a1f75c6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Michael Yang <mxyng@pm.me>
Date: Sat, 29 Jun 2024 16:53:59 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 5/6] convert: only extract large files

---
 convert/convert.go            |  11 ++--
 convert/convert_test.go       |   7 ++-
 convert/fs.go                 |  58 +++++++++++++++++++
 convert/reader.go             |  10 ++--
 convert/reader_safetensors.go |  20 +++++--
 convert/reader_torch.go       |   3 +-
 convert/tokenizer.go          |  22 ++++----
 convert/tokenizer_spm.go      |   8 +--
 server/model.go               |  79 ++++++--------------------
 server/model_test.go          | 102 ----------------------------------
 10 files changed, 120 insertions(+), 200 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 convert/fs.go

diff --git a/convert/convert.go b/convert/convert.go
index 30c5a53f..b9461e4f 100644
--- a/convert/convert.go
+++ b/convert/convert.go
@@ -5,9 +5,8 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"io/fs"
 	"log/slog"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
 
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/llm"
 )
@@ -67,8 +66,8 @@ type Converter interface {
 // and files it finds in the input path.
 // Supported input model formats include safetensors.
 // Supported input tokenizers files include tokenizer.json (preferred) and tokenizer.model.
-func Convert(path string, ws io.WriteSeeker) error {
-	bts, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(path, "config.json"))
+func Convert(fsys fs.FS, ws io.WriteSeeker) error {
+	bts, err := fs.ReadFile(fsys, "config.json")
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -98,7 +97,7 @@ func Convert(path string, ws io.WriteSeeker) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	t, err := parseTokenizer(path, conv.specialTokenTypes())
+	t, err := parseTokenizer(fsys, conv.specialTokenTypes())
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -114,7 +113,7 @@ func Convert(path string, ws io.WriteSeeker) error {
 		slog.Debug("vocabulary", "size", len(t.Vocabulary.Tokens))
 	}
 
-	ts, err := parseTensors(path)
+	ts, err := parseTensors(fsys)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
diff --git a/convert/convert_test.go b/convert/convert_test.go
index 0fbd436f..67a2fcfe 100644
--- a/convert/convert_test.go
+++ b/convert/convert_test.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"io/fs"
 	"log/slog"
 	"math"
 	"os"
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 )
 
-func convertFull(t *testing.T, d string) (*os.File, llm.KV, llm.Tensors) {
+func convertFull(t *testing.T, fsys fs.FS) (*os.File, llm.KV, llm.Tensors) {
 	t.Helper()
 
 	f, err := os.CreateTemp(t.TempDir(), "f16")
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ func convertFull(t *testing.T, d string) (*os.File, llm.KV, llm.Tensors) {
 	}
 	defer f.Close()
 
-	if err := Convert(d, f); err != nil {
+	if err := Convert(fsys, f); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ func TestConvertFull(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Skipf("%s not found", p)
 			}
 
-			f, kv, tensors := convertFull(t, p)
+			f, kv, tensors := convertFull(t, os.DirFS(p))
 			actual := make(map[string]string)
 			for k, v := range kv {
 				if s, ok := v.(json.Marshaler); !ok {
diff --git a/convert/fs.go b/convert/fs.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bf6da6c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/convert/fs.go
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+package convert
+
+import (
+	"archive/zip"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+)
+
+type ZipReader struct {
+	r     *zip.Reader
+	p     string
+
+	// limit is the maximum size of a file that can be read directly
+	// from the zip archive. Files larger than this size will be extracted
+	limit int64
+}
+
+func NewZipReader(r *zip.Reader, p string, limit int64) fs.FS {
+	return &ZipReader{r, p, limit}
+}
+
+func (z *ZipReader) Open(name string) (fs.File, error) {
+	r, err := z.r.Open(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer r.Close()
+
+	if fi, err := r.Stat(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	} else if fi.Size() < z.limit {
+		return r, nil
+	}
+
+	if !filepath.IsLocal(name) {
+		return nil, zip.ErrInsecurePath
+	}
+
+	n := filepath.Join(z.p, name)
+	if _, err := os.Stat(n); errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		w, err := os.Create(n)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		defer w.Close()
+
+		if _, err := io.Copy(w, r); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return os.Open(n)
+}
diff --git a/convert/reader.go b/convert/reader.go
index 11ccaa81..56a8ae89 100644
--- a/convert/reader.go
+++ b/convert/reader.go
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package convert
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"io"
-	"path/filepath"
+	"io/fs"
 	"strings"
 )
 
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ func (t *tensorBase) SetRepacker(fn repacker) {
 
 type repacker func(string, []float32, []uint64) ([]float32, error)
 
-func parseTensors(d string) ([]Tensor, error) {
-	patterns := map[string]func(...string) ([]Tensor, error){
+func parseTensors(fsys fs.FS) ([]Tensor, error) {
+	patterns := map[string]func(fs.FS, ...string) ([]Tensor, error){
 		"model-*-of-*.safetensors": parseSafetensors,
 		"model.safetensors":        parseSafetensors,
 		"pytorch_model-*-of-*.bin": parseTorch,
@@ -65,13 +65,13 @@ func parseTensors(d string) ([]Tensor, error) {
 	}
 
 	for pattern, parseFn := range patterns {
-		matches, err := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(d, pattern))
+		matches, err := fs.Glob(fsys, pattern)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 
 		if len(matches) > 0 {
-			return parseFn(matches...)
+			return parseFn(fsys, matches...)
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/convert/reader_safetensors.go b/convert/reader_safetensors.go
index c5fe663c..1c169504 100644
--- a/convert/reader_safetensors.go
+++ b/convert/reader_safetensors.go
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"os"
+	"io/fs"
 	"slices"
 
 	"github.com/d4l3k/go-bfloat16"
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ type safetensorMetadata struct {
 	Offsets []int64  `json:"data_offsets"`
 }
 
-func parseSafetensors(ps ...string) ([]Tensor, error) {
+func parseSafetensors(fsys fs.FS, ps ...string) ([]Tensor, error) {
 	var ts []Tensor
 	for _, p := range ps {
-		f, err := os.Open(p)
+		f, err := fsys.Open(p)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ func parseSafetensors(ps ...string) ([]Tensor, error) {
 		for _, key := range keys {
 			if value := headers[key]; value.Type != "" {
 				ts = append(ts, safetensor{
+					fs:     fsys,
 					path:   p,
 					dtype:  value.Type,
 					offset: safetensorsPad(n, value.Offsets[0]),
@@ -72,6 +73,7 @@ func safetensorsPad(n, offset int64) int64 {
 }
 
 type safetensor struct {
+	fs     fs.FS
 	path   string
 	dtype  string
 	offset int64
@@ -80,14 +82,20 @@ type safetensor struct {
 }
 
 func (st safetensor) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (int64, error) {
-	f, err := os.Open(st.path)
+	f, err := st.fs.Open(st.path)
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, err
 	}
 	defer f.Close()
 
-	if _, err = f.Seek(st.offset, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
-		return 0, err
+	if seeker, ok := f.(io.Seeker); ok {
+		if _, err := seeker.Seek(st.offset, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+	} else {
+		if _, err := io.CopyN(io.Discard, f, st.offset); err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
 	}
 
 	var f32s []float32
diff --git a/convert/reader_torch.go b/convert/reader_torch.go
index 1428706e..531996bf 100644
--- a/convert/reader_torch.go
+++ b/convert/reader_torch.go
@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@ package convert
 
 import (
 	"io"
+	"io/fs"
 
 	"github.com/nlpodyssey/gopickle/pytorch"
 	"github.com/nlpodyssey/gopickle/types"
 )
 
-func parseTorch(ps ...string) ([]Tensor, error) {
+func parseTorch(fsys fs.FS, ps ...string) ([]Tensor, error) {
 	var ts []Tensor
 	for _, p := range ps {
 		pt, err := pytorch.Load(p)
diff --git a/convert/tokenizer.go b/convert/tokenizer.go
index 43d8c14e..cca40eb0 100644
--- a/convert/tokenizer.go
+++ b/convert/tokenizer.go
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"io/fs"
 	"log/slog"
 	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"slices"
 )
 
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ type Tokenizer struct {
 	Template string
 }
 
-func parseTokenizer(d string, specialTokenTypes []string) (*Tokenizer, error) {
-	v, err := parseVocabulary(d)
+func parseTokenizer(fsys fs.FS, specialTokenTypes []string) (*Tokenizer, error) {
+	v, err := parseVocabulary(fsys)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ func parseTokenizer(d string, specialTokenTypes []string) (*Tokenizer, error) {
 	}
 
 	addedTokens := make(map[string]token)
-	if f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join(d, "tokenizer.json")); errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+	if f, err := fsys.Open("tokenizer.json"); errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
 	} else if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	} else {
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ func parseTokenizer(d string, specialTokenTypes []string) (*Tokenizer, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join(d, "tokenizer_config.json")); errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+	if f, err := fsys.Open("tokenizer_config.json"); errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
 	} else if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	} else {
@@ -172,8 +172,8 @@ type Vocabulary struct {
 	Types  []int32
 }
 
-func parseVocabularyFromTokenizer(p string) (*Vocabulary, error) {
-	f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join(p, "tokenizer.json"))
+func parseVocabularyFromTokenizer(fsys fs.FS) (*Vocabulary, error) {
+	f, err := fsys.Open("tokenizer.json")
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -219,20 +219,20 @@ func parseVocabularyFromTokenizer(p string) (*Vocabulary, error) {
 	return &v, nil
 }
 
-func parseVocabulary(d string) (*Vocabulary, error) {
-	patterns := map[string]func(string) (*Vocabulary, error){
+func parseVocabulary(fsys fs.FS) (*Vocabulary, error) {
+	patterns := map[string]func(fs.FS) (*Vocabulary, error){
 		"tokenizer.model": parseSentencePiece,
 		"tokenizer.json":  parseVocabularyFromTokenizer,
 	}
 
 	for pattern, parseFn := range patterns {
-		if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(d, pattern)); errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		if _, err := fs.Stat(fsys, pattern); errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
 			continue
 		} else if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 
-		return parseFn(d)
+		return parseFn(fsys)
 	}
 
 	return nil, errors.New("unknown tensor format")
diff --git a/convert/tokenizer_spm.go b/convert/tokenizer_spm.go
index 75d9fe26..babf702c 100644
--- a/convert/tokenizer_spm.go
+++ b/convert/tokenizer_spm.go
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"io/fs"
 	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"slices"
 
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/convert/sentencepiece"
 )
 
-func parseSentencePiece(d string) (*Vocabulary, error) {
-	bts, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(d, "tokenizer.model"))
+func parseSentencePiece(fsys fs.FS) (*Vocabulary, error) {
+	bts, err := fs.ReadFile(fsys, "tokenizer.model")
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ func parseSentencePiece(d string) (*Vocabulary, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join(d, "added_tokens.json"))
+	f, err := fsys.Open("added_tokens.json")
 	if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
 		return &v, nil
 	} else if err != nil {
diff --git a/server/model.go b/server/model.go
index 81272a34..f2946a0b 100644
--- a/server/model.go
+++ b/server/model.go
@@ -81,88 +81,43 @@ func parseFromModel(ctx context.Context, name model.Name, fn func(api.ProgressRe
 	return layers, nil
 }
 
-func extractFromZipFile(p string, file *os.File, fn func(api.ProgressResponse)) error {
-	stat, err := file.Stat()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	r, err := zip.NewReader(file, stat.Size())
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: "unpacking model metadata"})
-	for _, f := range r.File {
-		if !filepath.IsLocal(f.Name) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", zip.ErrInsecurePath, f.Name)
-		}
-
-		n := filepath.Join(p, f.Name)
-		if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(n), 0o750); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		// TODO(mxyng): this should not write out all files to disk
-		outfile, err := os.Create(n)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		defer outfile.Close()
-
-		infile, err := f.Open()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		defer infile.Close()
-
-		if _, err = io.Copy(outfile, infile); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		if err := outfile.Close(); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		if err := infile.Close(); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func parseFromZipFile(_ context.Context, file *os.File, digest string, fn func(api.ProgressResponse)) (layers []*layerGGML, err error) {
-	tempDir, err := os.MkdirTemp(filepath.Dir(file.Name()), "")
+func parseFromZipFile(_ context.Context, f *os.File, digest string, fn func(api.ProgressResponse)) (layers []*layerGGML, err error) {
+	fi, err := f.Stat()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer os.RemoveAll(tempDir)
 
-	if err := extractFromZipFile(tempDir, file, fn); err != nil {
+	r, err := zip.NewReader(f, fi.Size())
+	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	p, err := os.MkdirTemp(filepath.Dir(f.Name()), "")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(p)
+
 	fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: "converting model"})
-
 	// TODO(mxyng): this should write directly into a layer
 	// e.g. NewLayer(arch.Reader(), "application/vnd.ollama.image.model")
-	temp, err := os.CreateTemp(tempDir, "fp16")
+	t, err := os.CreateTemp(p, "fp16")
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer temp.Close()
-	defer os.Remove(temp.Name())
+	defer t.Close()
+	defer os.Remove(t.Name())
 
-	if err := convert.Convert(tempDir, temp); err != nil {
+	fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: "converting model"})
+	if err := convert.Convert(convert.NewZipReader(r, p, 32<<20), t); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	if _, err := temp.Seek(0, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
+	if _, err := t.Seek(0, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	layer, err := NewLayer(temp, "application/vnd.ollama.image.model")
+	layer, err := NewLayer(t, "application/vnd.ollama.image.model")
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
diff --git a/server/model_test.go b/server/model_test.go
index 5829adfc..0a2225d5 100644
--- a/server/model_test.go
+++ b/server/model_test.go
@@ -1,16 +1,11 @@
 package server
 
 import (
-	"archive/zip"
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
-	"slices"
-	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
@@ -18,103 +13,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/template"
 )
 
-func createZipFile(t *testing.T, name string) *os.File {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	f, err := os.CreateTemp(t.TempDir(), "")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	zf := zip.NewWriter(f)
-	defer zf.Close()
-
-	zh, err := zf.CreateHeader(&zip.FileHeader{Name: name})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	if _, err := io.Copy(zh, bytes.NewReader([]byte(""))); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	return f
-}
-
-func TestExtractFromZipFile(t *testing.T) {
-	cases := []struct {
-		name   string
-		expect []string
-		err    error
-	}{
-		{
-			name:   "good",
-			expect: []string{"good"},
-		},
-		{
-			name:   strings.Join([]string{"path", "..", "to", "good"}, string(os.PathSeparator)),
-			expect: []string{filepath.Join("to", "good")},
-		},
-		{
-			name:   strings.Join([]string{"path", "..", "to", "..", "good"}, string(os.PathSeparator)),
-			expect: []string{"good"},
-		},
-		{
-			name:   strings.Join([]string{"path", "to", "..", "..", "good"}, string(os.PathSeparator)),
-			expect: []string{"good"},
-		},
-		{
-			name: strings.Join([]string{"..", "..", "..", "..", "..", "..", "..", "..", "..", "..", "..", "..", "..", "..", "..", "..", "bad"}, string(os.PathSeparator)),
-			err:  zip.ErrInsecurePath,
-		},
-		{
-			name: strings.Join([]string{"path", "..", "..", "to", "bad"}, string(os.PathSeparator)),
-			err:  zip.ErrInsecurePath,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range cases {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			f := createZipFile(t, tt.name)
-			defer f.Close()
-
-			tempDir := t.TempDir()
-			if err := extractFromZipFile(tempDir, f, func(api.ProgressResponse) {}); !errors.Is(err, tt.err) {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-
-			var matches []string
-			if err := filepath.Walk(tempDir, func(p string, fi os.FileInfo, err error) error {
-				if err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-
-				if !fi.IsDir() {
-					matches = append(matches, p)
-				}
-
-				return nil
-			}); err != nil {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-
-			var actual []string
-			for _, match := range matches {
-				rel, err := filepath.Rel(tempDir, match)
-				if err != nil {
-					t.Error(err)
-				}
-
-				actual = append(actual, rel)
-			}
-
-			if !slices.Equal(actual, tt.expect) {
-				t.Fatalf("expected %d files, got %d", len(tt.expect), len(matches))
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
 func readFile(t *testing.T, base, name string) *bytes.Buffer {
 	t.Helper()
 

From d8e2664c33e81af0549aa9e75c57e08317d0322d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Michael Yang <mxyng@pm.me>
Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2024 15:39:11 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 6/6] convert: fix parse functions

---
 convert/reader.go    | 21 ++++++++++++---------
 convert/tokenizer.go | 15 +++++++++------
 2 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/convert/reader.go b/convert/reader.go
index 56a8ae89..ce95208e 100644
--- a/convert/reader.go
+++ b/convert/reader.go
@@ -56,22 +56,25 @@ func (t *tensorBase) SetRepacker(fn repacker) {
 type repacker func(string, []float32, []uint64) ([]float32, error)
 
 func parseTensors(fsys fs.FS) ([]Tensor, error) {
-	patterns := map[string]func(fs.FS, ...string) ([]Tensor, error){
-		"model-*-of-*.safetensors": parseSafetensors,
-		"model.safetensors":        parseSafetensors,
-		"pytorch_model-*-of-*.bin": parseTorch,
-		"pytorch_model.bin":        parseTorch,
-		"consolidated.*.pth":       parseTorch,
+	patterns := []struct {
+		Pattern string
+		Func    func(fs.FS, ...string) ([]Tensor, error)
+	}{
+		{"model-*-of-*.safetensors", parseSafetensors},
+		{"model.safetensors", parseSafetensors},
+		{"pytorch_model-*-of-*.bin", parseTorch},
+		{"pytorch_model.bin", parseTorch},
+		{"consolidated.*.pth", parseTorch},
 	}
 
-	for pattern, parseFn := range patterns {
-		matches, err := fs.Glob(fsys, pattern)
+	for _, pattern := range patterns {
+		matches, err := fs.Glob(fsys, pattern.Pattern)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 
 		if len(matches) > 0 {
-			return parseFn(fsys, matches...)
+			return pattern.Func(fsys, matches...)
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/convert/tokenizer.go b/convert/tokenizer.go
index cca40eb0..0d42a6d8 100644
--- a/convert/tokenizer.go
+++ b/convert/tokenizer.go
@@ -220,19 +220,22 @@ func parseVocabularyFromTokenizer(fsys fs.FS) (*Vocabulary, error) {
 }
 
 func parseVocabulary(fsys fs.FS) (*Vocabulary, error) {
-	patterns := map[string]func(fs.FS) (*Vocabulary, error){
-		"tokenizer.model": parseSentencePiece,
-		"tokenizer.json":  parseVocabularyFromTokenizer,
+	patterns := []struct {
+		Pattern string
+		Func    func(fs.FS) (*Vocabulary, error)
+	}{
+		{"tokenizer.model", parseSentencePiece},
+		{"tokenizer.json", parseVocabularyFromTokenizer},
 	}
 
-	for pattern, parseFn := range patterns {
-		if _, err := fs.Stat(fsys, pattern); errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+	for _, pattern := range patterns {
+		if _, err := fs.Stat(fsys, pattern.Pattern); errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
 			continue
 		} else if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 
-		return parseFn(fsys)
+		return pattern.Func(fsys)
 	}
 
 	return nil, errors.New("unknown tensor format")